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액체 이산화탄소 이용한 Monasil PCA 추출에 대한 연구
조동우 ( Dong Woo Cho ),오경실 ( Kyoung Shil Oh ),배원 ( Won Bae ),김화용 ( Hwa Young Kim ),이갑수 ( Kab Soo Lee ) 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.50 No.4
Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) microspheres is one of the widely-used polymeric materials for the bio-field application and the electric materials. For the synthesis of PAA microspheres, the polymerization technique using surfactants is applied. After the synthesis, the purification and separation processes are required for the removal of surfactant. When general organic solvents were used, many problems, such as huge amount of waste solvent, additional separation processes, and the possibility of residual media, were occurred. Thus, High-pressure Soxhlet extraction using liquid CO2 was developed to solve these problems. In this study, High-pressure Soxhlet extraction of the synthesized PAA microspheres using liquid CO2 was conducted for the removal of Monasil PCA which is used for the dispersion polymerization of acrylic acid in compressed liquid Dimethyl ether (DME). The morphology of the extracted PAA particles was checked by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and the residual concentration of Monasil PCA was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). For studying the effect of the solvent effect, Soxhlet extraction was conducted using n-hexane, liquid DME, and liquid CO2. In case of n-hexane, some extracted PAA microspheres were produced. However, deformation was also occurred due to the high thermal energy of n-hexane vapor. Liquid DME could not remove Monasil PCA. When using liquid CO2, the extracted PAA microspheres which were free for the residual solvent were produced without deformation. For finding the optimum operating condition, high-pressure Soxhlet extraction was conducted for 8 hours with changing the temperature of reboiler and condenser. When the extractor temperature is 19.6±0.2 oC and the pressure is 51.5±0.5 bar, the best removal efficiency was obtained.
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공정단위장치로부터의 휘발성유기화합물질의 비산 배출량 산정
박영근,문정우,고민수,박현수,차순우,이선우,홍승철,김화용,이종협 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.41 No.3
공장내 설치되어 있는 수천개의 비산배출원으로부터 배출되는 VOCs의 양을 산정하기 위해서는 많은 비용과시간이 소요된다. 이러한 노력을 줄이기 위하여 전산모사방법을 이용하여 배출량을 예측하는 방법을 제시하였다. 예측된 값의 검증을 위하여 밸브, 플랜지 등의 비산배출원으로 구성되어 있는 실험장치를 고안하고 내부를 흐르는 유체의 종류 및 조건에 따른 배출량을 백포집법에 의해 샘플링하여 GC로 분석한 후, 분석된 데이터를 전산모사를 통해 얻은 결과와 비교하였다. 그 결과, 전산모사를 이용하여 밸브, 플랜지, 개방식라인으로부터 배출되는 벤젠과 톨루엔의 양을 예측할 수 있었다. Considerable effort and expense have been devoted to the estimation and acquisition of the amounts of VOCs relesed thousands of the fugitive emission sources installed in chemical processes. In order to reduce the effort required on the estimation of VOC release, a methodology using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was proposed. The estimated values were compared the experimental data obtained using a designed experimental apparatus that was composed of fugitive emission sources such as valves, pump, and flange. The emissions were sampling tedlar bags for a variety of volatile compounds at different pressures. The components were analyzed by a portable gas chromatograph. In conclusion, the amount of benzene and toluene released from fugitive emission sources could be successfully estimated using the CFD technique.
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위정호,조영상,최창균,김화용,주현수 한국화학공학회 1992 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.30 No.4
본 연구에서는 열역학 제 2법칙에 기초를 둔 열교환망 합성 알고리듬을 제시하였다. 본 방법은 에너지의 열화를 의미하는 엑서지손실단위수라는 새로운 무차원군을 근거로 하여 최소 유틸리티 사용 및 최소 열교환장치수를 설계 목적으로 하고 있다. 본 합성방법을 흐름수 4-7개인 기존의 7문제에 적용한 결과, 본 방법 이 간단한 손계산으로 최적 또는 최적에 가까운 열교환망을 합성할 수 있는 효율적인 방법임이 증명되었다. 따라서 열교환과 관련된 실제 공정에 있어서 본 방법이 초기설계를 제공할 수 있으리라고 생각된다. In this study an algorithm which is based on the second law of thermodynamics is presented for the synthesis of heat exchanger networks. For this purpose a new dimensionless group(the number of exergy loss units) to represent the degradation of energy is defined. The design objective is to find a proper network synthesis minimizing the number of heat exchanger units required under the minimum utility consumption. By testing seven well-known standard problems dealing with 4 to 7 streams, this method proved to be efficient in generating an optimal or near-optimal structure by simple hand calculations. The present method can be used for a preliminary design of actual heat exchange processes.
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생물반응기를 이용한 Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate(LAS)와 중간 생성물 Sulfophenylalkanoates(SPA)의 제거
이인구,유영제,김지현,김화용 한국화학공학회 1995 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.33 No.6
Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate(LAS)를 함유한 산업 폐수를 효율적으로 처 리 할 수 있는 생물공정을 연구하였다. 활성오니의 적응실험을 통하여 확보한 LAS 분해 미생물은 매우 느린 성장 속도를 갖는 반면 비교적 고농도에서 기질저해작용을 받았다. 유동층 생물반응기에서의 약 15일 만에 정상상태의 미생물 막이 입혀졌는데 그 두께는 64㎛였다. 유동층 반응기에 초기 유입되는 LAS 농도가 120㎎/L일 때 LAS 제거율이 93.4%로 최고값을 보였으나, LAS의 대표적인 중간 산물인 sulfophenylalkanoates(SPA)는 초기 LAS 농도에 따라 60-88% 정도의 제거율을 보였다. 최종 유출수 중의 SPA 제거율을 높이기 위하여 두번째 반응기 유입수에 sodium benzoate를 주입한 결과 그렇지 않은 경우 보다 SPA의 잔존량이 40% 감소하였으며 반응기 유출수에 소량의 활성탄을 투입한 결과 유입된 초기 LAS 농도가 350 ㎎/L일 때 LAS는 거의 100% 제거되었고 SPA는 96.2% 제거되었다. A fluidized-bed bioreactor was used to treat the industrial wastewater containing linear alkylbenzene sulfonate(LAS). Microorganism obtained by acclimation showed low growth rate and substrate inhibition at relatively high substrate concentration. It was found from the experiment using fluidized-bed bioreactor that 64 ㎛-thick biofilm was made after 15 days. The 93.4% LAS removal efficiency in the reactor was obtained at 120 ㎎/L of initial LAS concentration, while the removal efficiency of sulfophenylalkanoates(SPA) which is a representative intermediate of biodegradation of LAS was 60-88% depending on the initial concentration of LAS. When sodium benzoate was added to the second reactor, the remaining SPA became lowered by 40% compared to the control experiment. And when activated carbon was added to the reactor, the removal efficiency of SPA was 96.2% and that of LAS was 100% when initial inflowing concentration of LAS was 350 ㎎/L.
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