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金憲經,金基學,稻恒 敦,松浦義行,田中喜代次 慶北大學校 師範大學 體育學硏究會 1991 體育學會誌 Vol.19 No.-
Body fat generally has been considered to be liable to physical fitness and motor ability. However, very few studies have been done on the relationships between body fat and physical fitness and motor ability. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationships between percent body fat(%fat) and selected motor ability elements. The subjects were seventy-nine boys and ninety-eight girls aged 10-11 years. Selected motor ability variables were grip strength, back strength, 50-meter dash, running long jump, vertical jump, belly grind, side step, trunk flexion, trunk extension, modified chinning, zigzag dribble, softball throw, and step test. Skinfold thickness was measured at three sites(triceps, subscapular, abdomen)using an Eiken-type caliper. Percent body fat was measured using a tetrapolar bioelectircal impedance plethysmograph(Selco 891). Negatively affected variables by %fat were those which involved muscular power and coordination, while muscular strength was positively related with %fat. Flexibility variables were found not affected by %fat. The subjects were grouped according to %fat in order to further examine the effects of %fat on motor ability. The groups were less than 10%fat(lean), 10∼20%fat(standard)and greater than 20%fat(obese) in boys, and less than 15%fat(lean), 15∼25%fat(standard)and greater than 25%fat(obese) in girls. The results of comparision among groups clearly indicated that the obese groups were poorer in muscular power and coordination but greater in musular strength. The body fat may be one important factor that affects on many motor ability elements. The relationships between motor ability and degree of fatness seem to be rather complicated, and a great deal of data should be accumulated for analysis of influence of body fatness.
다주파수 생체전기저항법을 이용한 육상경기선수의 신체조성평가
김헌경(Hun Kyung Kim),김기학(Ki Hack Kim),김홍수(Hong Soo Kim) 한국발육발달학회 1997 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.5 No.1
A multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance method allows the independent assessment of extracellular fluid(ECF) and total body water(TBW).At low frequencies, alternating current is unable to penetrate the cell membrane, owing to the capacitive properties of the membrane. At higher frequencies, this resistance dimimishes and finally disappears. Therefore, the body impedance at low frequency is an index of ECF, whereas the body impedance at high frequency is an index of TBW. This study was designed to examine the validity of fat-free mass(FFM)measured by multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA) as a criterion method, and to propose an appropriate prediction equations that are applicable to track and field athletes. The subjects were 38 male and 32 female, aged 18 to 28 years. The average FFM determined by DXA was 63.8±8.74㎏(male) and 44.6±5.48㎏(female), respectively. The multiple regression equations developed in the present study for estimating FFM of track and field athletes produce estimates with high precision. On the basis of all our analyses, we recommend that the equations FFM=486.29X1 + 291.85X2 + 17066.0 for male(R=0.980, SEE=1833g) and FFM = 395.92X1 + 402.22X2+ 7664.3 for female(R = 0.892, SEE = 2660g), where X1 = ht2/RECF, X2 = weight (㎏), R = multiple correlation coefficient, SEE = standard error of estimate, ht=height(㎝ )and FECF and RICF stand for resistance of ECF and resistance of ICF, respectively. These two equations may be applicable to a wide range of track and field athletes.
金憲經(HunKyungKIM),金基學(KiHackKIM) 한국체육학회 1996 한국체육학회지 Vol.35 No.1
Gender differences in physical fitness have been reported in many studies. However, little information is available on physical fitness in obese boys and girls. The purpose of this, study was to investigate the differences in physical fitness between obese boys and girls. The subjects were 51 obese boys and 64 obese girls aged 12.0-14.9 years. Eighteen physical fitness items were tested and skinfold thickness was measured at six sites. Bioelectrical impedance(Z) was measured using a tetrapolar impedance plethysmograph(Selco SIF-891). Body density was calculated from impedance index and triceps skinfold thickness, and it was converted to percent body fat using the formula of Brozek et al. The results of the comparative study clearly indicated that the obese boys were significantly superior in handball throw, back strength, grip strength and many other variables, but were inferior in trunk extension, leg balance and trunk flexion. The relative values of obese girls to obese boys in selected physical fitness elements were 67.50% for handball throw, 73.23% for back strength, 136.45% for leg balance, and 332.50% for trunk flexion. Regression analysis was used to develop the equation for predicting performance score from FFM or %fat. The Precision of regression equation was evaluated by the R and SEE. R ranged from 0.846 to 0.404 in the obese boys and from 0.528 to 0.404 in the obese girls. To analyze the factorial structure for these boys and girls, principal factor analysis was applied to the correlation matrix which was calculated with 18 variables, and then six factors in obese boys and five factors in obese girls were extracted. From these results, it was confirmed that the gender differences in physacal fitnss of the obese boys and girls seem to be rather complicated. A great deal of data should be accumulated for more detailed analysis on gender differences in middle school obese boys and girls.