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후기(後期) 석탄기(石炭紀) 테티스해내(海內) 한국 삼척탄전(三涉炭田)의 천해류(淺海流) 분석(分折)
김항묵,Kim, Haang Mook 대한자원환경지질학회 1978 자원환경지질 Vol.11 No.1
The depositional environment of the Manhang and the Geumcheon Formation of the Pennsylvanian Gomog Croup is revealed to the shallow neritic marine milieu in this paper also as the results of Park (1963), Cheong(1975) and Kim (1976), through the analyses of stratigraphy, paleocurrent, properties of cross-beddings and sedimentational features. The formations contains some possible terrestrial sediments suggesting the paralic environment, which are however not recognized definitely within them. The paleocurrent analysis is made to the Manhang Formation only. The paleocurrent of the formation is known to belong to the shallow neritic longshore current. The paleocurrent analysis is based chiefly on the cross-bedding analysis, and subordinately on the texture of elastic coarse sediments. The paleocurrent mean is determined to $269^{\circ}$, that is, from east to west, of which direction is interpreted to the right angle to the slope of the basinal depository plane and also the parallel with die depositional strike, according to Klein (1960) and Selley's (1968) criteria. The variance value of paleocurrent directions of the Manhang Formation in the whole area studied is 6,374, and the values range from 3,394 to 6,957 according to the dirstricts. The paleocurreut pattern of the whole area shows polymodel, and the patterns in each district range from trimodel to quadrimodel. Those models approach to the shallow marine or paralic model of Tohill and Picard (1966), Picard and High (1968 a), Pisnak (1957) and Pettijohn (1962). The mean value of maximum inclinations of cross-beddings of the whole area is $19.9^{\circ}$ with the standard deviation of 8.4, and ranges from $15.6^{\circ}$ to $21.7^{\circ}$ in the districts. Comparing the histogram showing the frequency distribution of the maximum inclinations of cross-beddings of the Manhang Formation with the Pettijohn's (1962) histogram, it is found that the model approaches to his marine model. The Pennsylvanian Gomog Group of the coalfield is considered to have had been deposited in the pseudogeosynclinal zone on the plateau by the transgression of the Tethyan sea caused by the epirogenic movements during the Pennsylvanian Period.
부산직할시(釜山直轄市) 영도지역(影島地域)의 층서설정(層序設定)과 구상암(球狀岩)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) -구상(球狀)응회암과 구상(球狀)혼휄스를 중심(中心)으로-
김항묵,Kim, Haang Mook 대한자원환경지질학회 1984 자원환경지질 Vol.17 No.4
The Yeongdo Island in Busan City is a remnant of the latest Cretaceous volcano, and consists geologically of andesites, rhyolite tuff, pelitic and psammitic hornfelses, lapilli rhyodacite tuff of the Yucheon Group, felsite and felsite porphyry of the Bulgugsa intrusives, and Holocene sediments in ascending order. The hornfelses are bound to the Taejongdae Formation. The stratigraphic position of the Formation is determined definitely into the Yucheon Group, thus the geologic age is approximately the same with the volcanic rocks of the Group. The sediments had been thermally metamorphosed to make pelitic and psammitic hornfelses of the albite epidote hornfels facies by the effects of active hydrothermal circulation, vaporization, and hybridization of andesitic solution, or of basification of acidic intrusives. Thus, on occasion, those hornfelses are not used to be distinguished from the andesitic rocks in the southeastern part of the Korean peninsula. The paleocurrent direction determined from several cross-beddings of the Taejongdae Formation is suggested to be from southwest to northeast. Orbicular rocks occur in hornfelsed rhyolite tuff, pelitic- and psammitic-hornfelses, and felsite porphyry at a lot of outcrops in the area of southwestern shoreline of the Yeongdo Island. Orbicules in rhyolite tuff and hornfels in the island might have originated from diffusion processes of metasomatic metamorphism carried out by hydrothermal solution rised from the intrusive adamellite which may be emplaced deeply under the Yeongdo volcanics. Those orbicules are due to metasomatic, secondary, and epigenetic origin. Proto-, multi-shelled, and multi-cored orbicules are described in the orbicular tuff. But multi-cored orbicules are not found in the orbicular fornfels. 250 tuff-orbicules numbered sporadically are in $20,000m^2$ area of the locality of orbicular tuff. About 60 hornfels-orbicules occurred sporadically are in $1,700m^2$ area of the locality of orbicular hornfels in the Taejongdae Formation. Orbicules in felsite porphyry might have originated by diffusion reaction between xenoliths and a quiescent zone in felsite porphyry magma. Those are of igneous, primary, and syngenetic origin.