자궁경부암 환자의 근접치료시 재현성 평가

김종화,손정혜,정칠,김미화,Kim Jong-Hwa,Son Jung-Hae,Jung Chil,Kim Mi-Hwa 대한방사선치료학회 2003 大韓放射線治療技術學會誌 Vol.15 No.1

I. 목적 외부방사선 치료와 같이 근접치료 시에도 재현성을 평가하기 위해 bone의 위치와 tandem, ovoid 간의 거리를 측정하여 치료 setting의 재현성을 평가함으로써 자궁경부암 환자의 근접치료시 치료의 재현성을 평가하고자 하였다. II. 대상 및 방법 1999년부터 2001년 10월까지 본원을 내원해서 근접치료를 시행한 자궁경부암 환자중 tandem, ovoid을 사용한 52명을 대상으로 근접치료시 촬영한 film(환자1명당 3회촬영)을 가지고 측정하였다. Os을 기준으로 환자의 center축을 잡고 tandem, ovoid의 위치와 pubic symphysis, sacrum, coccyx등과의 거리를 각각 측정하여 치료 setting의 재현성을 평가하였다. III. 결과 환자 52명에 대한 tandem, ovoid의 위치와 pubic symphysis, sacrum, coccyx등과의 거리에 대한 표준 편차 결과는 다음과 같은 분포로 나타났다. 1) 각 tandem angle 의 표준편차는 $0^{\circ}{\sim}2.89^{\circ}$이다. 2) pubic symphysis에서 Os까지의 높이는 $0cm{\sim}0.79cm$ 3) sacrum에서 tandem tip까지의 거리는 $0cm{\sim}0.9cm$ 4) Os level에서 coccyx까지의 거리는 $0.06cm{\sim}0.76cm$ 5) ovoid tip에서 Os까지의 거리는 오른쪽은 $0cm{\sim}0.53cm$ 6) ovoid tip에서 Os까지의 거리는 왼쪽은 $0cm{\sim}0.45cm$ 7) 첫번째 source위치에서 ovoid사이의 거리는 $0cm{\sim}0.36cm$ 8) tandem에서 ovoid tip까지의 거리는 $0cm{\sim}0.31cm$ IV. 결론 자궁경부암 치료에 있어 근접치료는 중요한 치료 방법이다. 환자 치료간에 재현성을 평가해본 결과 대체로 만족 할 만한 수치를 보였으며 고선량율 근접치료에서 재현성 평가는 중요할 것이고 계속적으로 평가할 필요가 있을 것이다. I. Purpose Brachytherapy is the main component in treatment of patients with uterine cervical cancer. The reproducibility of applicator position in the same patient at repeated treatments was very important for accurate dose delivery. It was aimed to evaluate the change of applicator location between each high dose rate(HDR) brachytherapy insertion in the patients with uterine cervical cancer. II. Materials and Methods From January 1999 to October 2001, total 52 patients were treated with external beam radiotherapy and HDR brachytherapy (Microselectron, Nucletron). During six to seven times of brachytherapy, all patients had three treatment plans. From the orthogonal radiographs, we measured the following variables; height from upper border of pubic bone to os (HPO), distance from sacral promontory to tip of tandem (DST), distance from coccyx to os (DCO), distance from tip of right ovoid to os (DRO), distance from tip of left ovoid to os (DLO), and distance from center of the first tandem source to ovoid (DTO). To evaluate the reproducibility of applicator position, it was calculated the standard deviation of differences between three insertions for the 7 parameters in each patient. III. Results The ranges of standard deviations of interfractional differences for the variables were as follows. 1)HPO : $0{\sim}0.79cm$ 2)DST : $0{\sim}0.9cm$ 3)DCO : $0.06{\sim}0.76cm$ 4)DRO : $0{\sim}0.53cm$ 5)DLO : $0{\sim}0.45cm$ 6) DTO $0{\sim}0.36cm$ IV. Conclusions There was some change in applicator position on repeated implants in our study. But variation of the interfractional differences was minimal; in all parameters, there were less than 1 cm. We are continued to try for reducing the geometric variation between each procedure.

해도 정보를 이용한 선박의 최적 항로 생성

김민규(Min-Kyu Kim),김종화(Jong-Hwa Kim),양현(Hyun Yang) 한국항해항만학회 2022 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.2

Min-Kyu Kim*․Jong-Hwa Kim**․†최근 자율 운항 선박에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 특히, MUNIN (Maritime Unmanned Navigation through Intelligence in Networks) 프로젝트를 계기로 자율 운항 선박에 대한 개발과 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 또한 국제해사기구 IMO는 자율 운항 선박 시대에대응하기 위해 자율 선박을 MASS (Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship)라 정의하고 선박 자율화 정도에 따라 4단계 등급을 제시하고 있다. 완전한 자율 운항 선박에 대한 요구조건을 만족하기 위해서는 항로 결정과 제어기술이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 여러 가지 기술 중 선박의최적경로를 생성하는 기법을 다룬다. 기존에 최적항로를 생성하기 위한 방법으로는   , Dijkstra와 같은 알고리즘들이 주로 사용되었다. 그러나 이와 같은 알고리즘은 섬이나 육지에 대한 충돌 회피는 고려하고 있지만 수심 및 연안 선박에 대한 규정들은 고려하지 않고 있어실제로 적용하기에는 한계점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 안전을 위해 선박의 선저 여유 수심과, 해도에 규정되어 있는 선박 운항에 대한여러 규정들을 반영하여 최적 항로를 생성하고자 한다. 최적 항로를 생성하기 위한 알고리즘으로는 강화학습 기반의 Q-learning 알고리즘을적용하였다.

과배란유도 월경주기에서 혈중 Estradiol Andrstenedione 및 Testerone농도의 동태에 관한 연구

김종화,이진용,Kim, Jong-Hwa,Lee, Jin-Yong 대한생식의학회 1986 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.13 No.2

It is now common practice to attempt ovarian hyperstimulation in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) to promote the development of multiple preovulatory follicles and to maximize the number of mature egg available. There are several drugs for hyperstimulation such as clomiphene citrate only, clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) and HMG only. Accumlated experience has shown that the hyperstimulation of the ovary in IVF-ET results in high pregnancy rate. But the hyperstimulation of the ovary in IVF-ET may cause the hyperandrogenism, so we must consider the adverse effect on pregnancy rate of the hyperandrogenism. Little is known about the functional significance of androgen for the follicular growth, however, the hyperandrogenism might interfere with oocyte maturation. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the serum profiles of estradiol, androstenedione and testosterone during the hyperstimulated menstrual cycles in IVF. The results were summarized as follows: 1. There was a gradual increase in the mean levels of serum estradiol, androstenedione, and testosterone approaching follicular maturation. 2. The mean serum estradiol levels in the hyperstimulated groups were significantly higher than that in the control group in late follicular phase and ovum retrieval (ovulation) day (p<0.01). 3. The mean serum androstenedione levels in the clomiphene citrate groups were significantly higher than that in the control group in late follicular phase (p<0.01). There was no statistically significant different in the mean serum androstenedione levels between the control group and the HMG group (p>0.05). 4. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean levels of testosterone among each group (p>0.05). 5. There was no statistically significant different in the mean levels of estradiol, androstenedione and testosterone between the fertilized patients and non-fertilized patients in clomiphene citrate and HMG group (p>0.05).

선박의 항로추종을 위한 펴지 PID 제어기형 오토파이럿 시스템

김종화,하윤수,이병결,Kim, Jong-Hwa,Ha, Yun-Su,Lee, Byung-Kyul 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2006 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.30 No.6

This paper proposes an autopilot system using a fuzzy PID controller to satisfy performances required for the automatic navigation of ships under various marine circumstances. The existing autopilot system using a PD type controller has difficulties in eliminating a steady-state error and compensating nonlinear characteristics of ships. The autopilot system using the proposed fuzzy PID controller has a self-tuning ability, an ability to compensate nonlinear characteristics, and an ability to turn at constant angular velocity. Therefore. it can naturally make a steady-state error zero, compensate nonlinear dynamic effect of ships, have an adaptability to parameter variation owing to shallow water effect, and have an ability to turn ship's course rapidly without overshoot through procedures of acceleration, constant, and deceleration of angular velocity for large course-changing.

소음성 청력손실이 혈압에 미치는 영향에 관한 조사연구

김종화,이충렬,Kim, Jong-Hwa,Lee, Choong-Ryeol 대한예방의학회 1987 예방의학회지 Vol.20 No.2

For the purpose of evaluating the effect of noise induced hearing loss on the blood pressure, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 481 manufacturing industrial workers in Pusan area consisted of 275 workers from noisier plant (over 90 dB(A), high exposed group) and 206 workers from less noisy plant (below 85 dB(A), low exposed group) from April to Decepmber in 1985. The summarized results were as follows; 1) The degree of hearing loss according to the audible frequency was most notable in 4,000 Hz. 2) The prevalence of hypertension was 14.8% in total examined subjects. And also in 40 dB(A) hearing lost workers, there was no significant difference between high exposed group as 15.5% and low exposed group as 15.8%. 3) In 3 models analyzed by multiple regression technique to obtain the complexed extents of risk factors related to the diastolic blood pressure, especially model III which contain age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol and family history of hypertension, duration of work, noise exposure level and degree of hearing loss in high exposed group was most remarkable compared to the others. 4) The most potential predictor related to the diastolic pressure in high exposed group was the degree of hearing loss. And the next were body mass index, familial history of hypertension and age in order. But in the case of low exposed group, the potential predictors were body mass index, age and familial history of hypertension.

해류중 직선 항행하는 선박의 LOS 가이던스 시스템의 제안과 유전 알고리즘을 이용한 최적화

김종화,이병걸,Kim Jong-Hwa,Lee Byung-Kyul 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2005 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.29 No.1

This paper suggests LOS(Line-Of-Sight) guidance system of a surface vessel in straight-line navigation under ocean currents An LOS vector from the vessel to a point on the path between two way-points is decided and a heading angle is calculated to converge to follow the desired path based on the LOS vector This guidance system is called LOS guidance system. The suggested LOS guidance law has parameters to be properly chosen according to navigational environment. Parameters of LOS guidance system are optimized to reduce propulsive energy and/or position error between desired Position and present position of a ship using genetic algorithm which is a strong optimization algorithm with adaptational random search The effectiveness of the suggested LOS guidance system is assured through computer simulations.

Rearrangement of Light Chain Gene of Anti-Tac Antibody

김종화,이병룡,김학주,변시명,Kim, Jong-Hwa,Lee, Byeong-Ryong,Kim, Hack-Joo,Byun, Si-Myung 생화학분자생물학회 1987 한국생화학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Anti-Tac 항체를 생산하는 하브리도마 세포인 Hd-2-4-5로 부터 유전자를 분리하고 Bam HI 제한효소를 이용하여 완전 분해한 후 DNA조각을 agarose gel 상에서 크기에 따라 10가지 부분으로 나누였다. 이렇게하여 형성된 각 DNA조각을 Southern blot를 행하므로서 어느 부분이 anti-Tac 항체의 L chain을 가지고 있는지를 확인한 후 in vitro packaging 법과 situ plaque hybridization 방법을 이용하여 L chain을 함유하는 clone을 분리하였다. 이렇게 하여 얻어진 clone으로 부터 pBR 322에 subcloning 실험과 제한효소 지도작성을 통하여 배아세포의 L chain파 비 교함으로써 anti-Tac항체의 L chain의 재배열을 연구했다. 이때 anti-Tac 항체의 L chain은 $J_1-J_2$ cluster가 deletion 되어 있었고 V-J recombination에 의해서 V 부위가 직접 $J_3-J_4-J_5$ cluster에 연결되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. A high molecular weight DNA from a hybridoma cell, Hd-2-4-5, producing anti-tac antibody was digested to completion with BamHI restriction endonuclease. The resulting DNA fragments were fractionated according to the size in 1% preparative agarose gel electrophoresis. After ligation of the fragment with modified Charon 28 and packaging in vitro, DNA fragments carrying the gene sequences coding for the variable region of light chains were detected by hybridization with mouse $J_k$ fragment labeled with $^{32}P$. We have cloned the k-sequence positive BamHI DNA fragments and characterized the cloned sequences by comparing with mouse embryonic light chain. On the basis of the results, it was concluded that the cloned light chain gene underwent somatic rearrangement. The$J_1-J_2$cluster was deleted and the region was directly linked to remaining J cluster by V-J recombination.

사람의 정액에서 세 종류의 β - N - Acetyl - D - glucosaminidase 의 분리 및 성질에 관한 연구

김종화,양철학 ( Jong Hwa Kim,Chul Hak Yang ) 생화학분자생물학회 1982 BMB Reports Vol.15 No.4

Three β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidases (E. C. 3. 2. 1. 30) of one B form an d two A forms were isolated from human semen. The enzyme from human seminal plasma was fractionated by (NH₄)₂SO₄. By DEAE-cellulose chromatography, β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B was eluted with buffer alone and A₁ form and A₂ form of β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase were eluted with 0.1 M NaCl and 0.25 M NaCl respectively. Each enzyme was further purified by Pll cellulose phosphate and Sephadex G-200 chromatography. The highly purified β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B showed one major protein band and A₁ form and A₂ form showed one major and one minor bands on disc gel electrophoresis at pH 8.3. Three of the enzyme had maximum activities at pH 4.5, but the temperature optimum was 50-54 ℃ for B, 43-47 ℃ for A1 and A2. The three enzymes had identical Km values of 1. 33 mM with p-nitrophenyl-β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminide as substrate. Sulfite, acetate and β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidaseinhibited the β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B, A₁ and A₂ activities. N-acetyl-n-glucosmine inhibited β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase competitively and the KI values were 1. 64 mM for β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B and 1. 96 mM for β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase A by Dixon plot. The molecular weight of human semen β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase was 170,000 by gel filtration. The DEAE-cellulose fractions which showed β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B activity retained 70% of its activity at 60 ℃ for 4 hrs, whereas A₁ and A₂ were heatlabile. However incubation at 60 ℃ for 30 ruin completely inactivated the three purified enzymes.

프로펠러와 부가추력장치를 갖는 특수선의 모델링 및 통합제어기 개발

김종화,임재권,이병결,Kim Jong Hwa,Lim Jae Kwon,Lee Byung Kyul 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2005 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.29 No.2

Dynamic Positioning(DP) system maintains ship's position (fixed location or predetermined track) exclusively by means of CPPs and thrusters. To generate the control input adequate to various situation an integrated controller for CPPs and thrusters is required. The integrated controller is composed of a thrust calculation algorithm and a thrust allocation algorithm. The thrust calculation algorithm generates thrusts in the surge direction and the sway direction from the desired forward and lateral speed and generates a moment about the yaw axis from desired heading angle. The thrust allocation algorithm allocates the generated thrusts and moment to each CPP and thruster. Computer simulations are executed to confirm the effectiveness of the suggested controller.

금년도 출판시장 '대체로 맑음' 예상

김종화,Kim, Jong-Hwa 대한출판문화협회 2006 출판저널 Vol.362 No.-