자궁경부암 환자의 근접치료시 재현성 평가

김종화,손정혜,정칠,김미화,Kim Jong-Hwa,Son Jung-Hae,Jung Chil,Kim Mi-Hwa 대한방사선치료학회 2003 大韓放射線治療技術學會誌 Vol.15 No.1

I. Purpose Brachytherapy is the main component in treatment of patients with uterine cervical cancer. The reproducibility of applicator position in the same patient at repeated treatments was very important for accurate dose delivery. It was aimed to evaluate the change of applicator location between each high dose rate(HDR) brachytherapy insertion in the patients with uterine cervical cancer. II. Materials and Methods From January 1999 to October 2001, total 52 patients were treated with external beam radiotherapy and HDR brachytherapy (Microselectron, Nucletron). During six to seven times of brachytherapy, all patients had three treatment plans. From the orthogonal radiographs, we measured the following variables; height from upper border of pubic bone to os (HPO), distance from sacral promontory to tip of tandem (DST), distance from coccyx to os (DCO), distance from tip of right ovoid to os (DRO), distance from tip of left ovoid to os (DLO), and distance from center of the first tandem source to ovoid (DTO). To evaluate the reproducibility of applicator position, it was calculated the standard deviation of differences between three insertions for the 7 parameters in each patient. III. Results The ranges of standard deviations of interfractional differences for the variables were as follows. 1)HPO : $0{\sim}0.79cm$ 2)DST : $0{\sim}0.9cm$ 3)DCO : $0.06{\sim}0.76cm$ 4)DRO : $0{\sim}0.53cm$ 5)DLO : $0{\sim}0.45cm$ 6) DTO $0{\sim}0.36cm$ IV. Conclusions There was some change in applicator position on repeated implants in our study. But variation of the interfractional differences was minimal; in all parameters, there were less than 1 cm. We are continued to try for reducing the geometric variation between each procedure.

해도 정보를 이용한 선박의 최적 항로 생성

김민규(Min-Kyu Kim),김종화(Jong-Hwa Kim),양현(Hyun Yang) 한국항해항만학회 2022 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.2

Min-Kyu Kim*․Jong-Hwa Kim**․†최근 자율 운항 선박에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 특히, MUNIN (Maritime Unmanned Navigation through Intelligence in Networks) 프로젝트를 계기로 자율 운항 선박에 대한 개발과 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 또한 국제해사기구 IMO는 자율 운항 선박 시대에대응하기 위해 자율 선박을 MASS (Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship)라 정의하고 선박 자율화 정도에 따라 4단계 등급을 제시하고 있다. 완전한 자율 운항 선박에 대한 요구조건을 만족하기 위해서는 항로 결정과 제어기술이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 여러 가지 기술 중 선박의최적경로를 생성하는 기법을 다룬다. 기존에 최적항로를 생성하기 위한 방법으로는   , Dijkstra와 같은 알고리즘들이 주로 사용되었다. 그러나 이와 같은 알고리즘은 섬이나 육지에 대한 충돌 회피는 고려하고 있지만 수심 및 연안 선박에 대한 규정들은 고려하지 않고 있어실제로 적용하기에는 한계점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 안전을 위해 선박의 선저 여유 수심과, 해도에 규정되어 있는 선박 운항에 대한여러 규정들을 반영하여 최적 항로를 생성하고자 한다. 최적 항로를 생성하기 위한 알고리즘으로는 강화학습 기반의 Q-learning 알고리즘을적용하였다.

Custom Abutment의 Emergence Profile을 결정하는 방법에 관하여

김종화,Kim, Jong-Hwa 대한심미치과학회 2012 Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistr Vol.21 No.1

생활과학-암의 세계

김종화,Kim, Jong-Hwa 한국과학기술단체총연합회 1981 과학과 기술 Vol.14 No.11

선박의 항로추종을 위한 펴지 PID 제어기형 오토파이럿 시스템

김종화,하윤수,이병결,Kim, Jong-Hwa,Ha, Yun-Su,Lee, Byung-Kyul 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2006 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.30 No.6

This paper proposes an autopilot system using a fuzzy PID controller to satisfy performances required for the automatic navigation of ships under various marine circumstances. The existing autopilot system using a PD type controller has difficulties in eliminating a steady-state error and compensating nonlinear characteristics of ships. The autopilot system using the proposed fuzzy PID controller has a self-tuning ability, an ability to compensate nonlinear characteristics, and an ability to turn at constant angular velocity. Therefore. it can naturally make a steady-state error zero, compensate nonlinear dynamic effect of ships, have an adaptability to parameter variation owing to shallow water effect, and have an ability to turn ship's course rapidly without overshoot through procedures of acceleration, constant, and deceleration of angular velocity for large course-changing.

해류중 직선 항행하는 선박의 LOS 가이던스 시스템의 제안과 유전 알고리즘을 이용한 최적화

김종화,이병걸,Kim Jong-Hwa,Lee Byung-Kyul 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2005 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.29 No.1

This paper suggests LOS(Line-Of-Sight) guidance system of a surface vessel in straight-line navigation under ocean currents An LOS vector from the vessel to a point on the path between two way-points is decided and a heading angle is calculated to converge to follow the desired path based on the LOS vector This guidance system is called LOS guidance system. The suggested LOS guidance law has parameters to be properly chosen according to navigational environment. Parameters of LOS guidance system are optimized to reduce propulsive energy and/or position error between desired Position and present position of a ship using genetic algorithm which is a strong optimization algorithm with adaptational random search The effectiveness of the suggested LOS guidance system is assured through computer simulations.

프로펠러와 부가추력장치를 갖는 특수선의 모델링 및 통합제어기 개발

김종화,임재권,이병결,Kim Jong Hwa,Lim Jae Kwon,Lee Byung Kyul 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2005 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.29 No.2

Dynamic Positioning(DP) system maintains ship's position (fixed location or predetermined track) exclusively by means of CPPs and thrusters. To generate the control input adequate to various situation an integrated controller for CPPs and thrusters is required. The integrated controller is composed of a thrust calculation algorithm and a thrust allocation algorithm. The thrust calculation algorithm generates thrusts in the surge direction and the sway direction from the desired forward and lateral speed and generates a moment about the yaw axis from desired heading angle. The thrust allocation algorithm allocates the generated thrusts and moment to each CPP and thruster. Computer simulations are executed to confirm the effectiveness of the suggested controller.

Three ${\beta}$-N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminidase from Human Semen : Their Purifications and Properties

김종화,양철학,Kim, Jong-Hwa,Yang, Chul-Hak 생화학분자생물학회 1982 한국생화학회지 Vol.15 No.4

하나의 A형태와 두개의 B형태의 ${\beta}$-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase가 사람의 정액으로부터 분리되었다. 사람의 seminal plasma를 희석시킨 다음 $(NH_4)_2SO_4$로 분획 분리시켰다. DEAE-cellulose column으로부터 ${\beta}$-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B는 완충 용액만으로 용출되어졌으며 $A_1$과 $A_2$는 각각 0.1M NaCl과 0.25M NaCl에서 용출되어졌다. 각 효소는 P11 cellulose phosphate와 Sephadex G-200 크로마토그래피법에 의하여 더욱 정제되어졌다. 고순도로 정제된 ${\beta}$-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B는 pH 8.3의 disc gel electrophoresis에서 하나의 단백질 띠로 나타나는 반면, $A_1$과 $B_2$는 하나의 주된 띠와 다른 하나의 가는 띠로 나타났다. 이 세효소는 모두 pH 4.5에 서 가장 높은 활성도를 나타내고 있으며 온도에 대한 가장 높은 활성도는 B 형태가 $50-54^{\circ}C$에서 나타났고 $A_1$과 $A_2$ $43^{\circ}-47^{\circ}C$에서 나타났다. 세 효소는 기질로서 p-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminide를 사용하였을 때 모두 Km값이 1.33 mM로 동일하였다. Sulfite와 acetate 및 N-acetyl-D-glucosamine은 세 효소의 활동도를 모두 방해하였으며 특히 N-acetyl-D-glucosarnine은 ${\beta}$-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase들을 경쟁적으로 방해하였으며 Dixon의 그래프법에 의하여 KI값을 구한 결과 B형태는 1.64 mM이었고 A형태는 1.96 mM이었다. 베타-엔-아세틸-디-글루코 사미니다아제의 분자량은 젤 여과법에 의하여 구한 결과 170,000이었다. DEAEcellulose column용출액 중에서의 ${\beta}$-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B는 $60^{\circ}C$에서 4시간 반응한 후에도 70%의 활성도를 유지하였으나 $A_1$과 $A_2$형태의 효소는 대단히 불안정하였다. 그러나 고순도로 정제된 세 효소는 모두 $60^{\circ}C$에서 30분이내에 완전히 활성도를 잃었다. Three ${\beta}$-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (E.C. 3.2.1.30) of one B form and two A forms were isolated from human semen. The enzyme from human seminal plasma was fractionated by $(NH_4)_2SO_4$. By DEAE-cellulose chromatography, ${\beta}$-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B was eluted with buffer alone and $A_1$ form and $A_2$ form of ${\beta}$-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase were eluted with 0.1 M NaCl and 0.25 M NaCl respectively. Each enzyme was further purified by P11 cellulose phosphate and Sephadex G-200 chromatography. The highly purified ${\beta}$-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B showed one major protein band and $A_1$ form and $A_2$ form showed one major and one minor bands on disc gel electrophoresis at pH 8.3. Three of the enzyme had maximum activities at pH 4.5, but the temperature optimum was $50-54^{\circ}C$ for B, $43-47^{\circ}C$ for $A_1$ and $A_2$. The three enzymes had identical Km values of 1.33mM with p-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminide as substrate. Sulfite, acetate and ${\beta}$-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase the ${\beta}$-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B, $A_1$ and $A_2$ activities. N-acetyl-n-glucosmine inhibited ${\beta}$-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase competitively and the $K_I$ values were 1.64 mM for ${\beta}$-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B and 1.96 mM for ${\beta}$-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase A by Dixon plot. The molecular weight of human semen ${\beta}$-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase was 170,000 by gel filtration. The DEAE-cellulose fractions which showed ${\beta}$-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B activity retained 70% of its activity at $60^{\circ}C$ for 4 hrs, whereas $A_1$ and $A_2$ were heatlabile. However incubation at $60^{\circ}C$ for 30 min completely inactivated the three purified enzymes.

사람의 정액에서 세 종류의 β - N - Acetyl - D - glucosaminidase 의 분리 및 성질에 관한 연구

김종화,양철학 ( Jong Hwa Kim,Chul Hak Yang ) 생화학분자생물학회 1982 BMB Reports Vol.15 No.4

Three β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidases (E. C. 3. 2. 1. 30) of one B form an d two A forms were isolated from human semen. The enzyme from human seminal plasma was fractionated by (NH₄)₂SO₄. By DEAE-cellulose chromatography, β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B was eluted with buffer alone and A₁ form and A₂ form of β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase were eluted with 0.1 M NaCl and 0.25 M NaCl respectively. Each enzyme was further purified by Pll cellulose phosphate and Sephadex G-200 chromatography. The highly purified β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B showed one major protein band and A₁ form and A₂ form showed one major and one minor bands on disc gel electrophoresis at pH 8.3. Three of the enzyme had maximum activities at pH 4.5, but the temperature optimum was 50-54 ℃ for B, 43-47 ℃ for A1 and A2. The three enzymes had identical Km values of 1. 33 mM with p-nitrophenyl-β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminide as substrate. Sulfite, acetate and β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidaseinhibited the β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B, A₁ and A₂ activities. N-acetyl-n-glucosmine inhibited β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase competitively and the KI values were 1. 64 mM for β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B and 1. 96 mM for β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase A by Dixon plot. The molecular weight of human semen β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase was 170,000 by gel filtration. The DEAE-cellulose fractions which showed β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B activity retained 70% of its activity at 60 ℃ for 4 hrs, whereas A₁ and A₂ were heatlabile. However incubation at 60 ℃ for 30 ruin completely inactivated the three purified enzymes.

방공훈련용 FQM-117A

김종화,Kim, Jong-Hwa 한국방위산업진흥회 1982 國防과 技術 Vol.- No.38