19世紀 後半 政局의 動向과 市廛政策 -高宗 즉위년(1863)~高宗 31년(1894) 貢市人 詢瘼을 중심으로-

김정자 ( Kim Jeong-ja ) 조선시대사학회 2017 朝鮮時代史學報 Vol.82 No.0

During the reign of King Yeongjo in the Joseon period’s latter half, the so-called “Gong/Shi-in Sunmak(貢市人詢瘼)” practice, in which the King would hear the problems and plights of Proxy taxpayers, Gye-in figures and market merchants every year, began. Whenever the king ordered the practice for the year to be commenced, among the Bibyeon-sa office’s Jejo figures the “Gongshi Dangsang” would round up all of them, lead them to the palace and provide them with a royal audience. And when it was all over, the king would order Bibyeon-sa to look over what was said, and then report back to the king. Later the king, after examining Bibyeon-sa’s report, would issue orders to solve some problems for them, or decide not to do anything at all. When the Bibyeon-sa office was absorbed into the United Euijeong-bu council this issue which had been supervised by the Bibyeon-sa office was also newly placed under the jurisdiction of the United Euijeong-bu council. It was so designated for the first time in 「Bunjang Jeolmok」 which was declared in the first year of King Gojong’s reign, and in 「Euijeong-bu Chetong Yeon’hyeok Byeoldan」 which was declared the next year established(“Chaha”) the Dangsang official of the Bibyeon-sa office as a Dangsang figure of the Euijeong-bu as well, rendering the Dangsang official in charge of this issue (“Gongshi Dangsang”) also included in the Euijeong-bu Dangsang group. According to the < Euijeong-bu > chapter’s “Gongshi” section of 『Yukjeon Jo’rye』 from King Gojong’s 4th year, the United Euijeong-bu council was once again dictated to oversee this issue, and the Gongshi Dangsang figure (as part of the Euijeong-bu Dangsang group) was put in charge of rounding up the appealers. There were certain situations unfolding in the early years of King Gojong’s reign that affected the market, such as the Gyeongbok-gung palace renovation, ban on the import of Western cotton, production of the Dangbaek-jeon coin, the launch of the “Munse” taxation, and the circulation of “cheongjeon[淸錢=Hojeon] currency,” etc. If we compare the market situation of the time with situations described in either 『Yukjeon Jo’rye』’s ‘Kakjeon(各廛, individual shops)’ section or the earlier 『Man’gi Yoram』’s references to individual shops, we can detect certain increase in one Jeon unit and two Bun’yeok units, but the overall situation did not change that much. During the time when Dae’weon-gun was in control of the government, the ‘Gong/Shi-in Sunmak’ practice continued to maintain the “Shinhae-year Tong’gong” rules established by King Jeongjo, as well as other principles dictated(“Iljeong”) through the “Jeong’yu Gyeol’cheo” order and the “Byeong’oh-year Tong’gong” rules from the reign of King Heonjong. The authorities were sympathetic to the market merchants’ appeal asking for the elimination of the problems that were being caused by Dogo figures and Nanjeon shops, and tried to come up with solutions, but were not so accommodating to the request of the reinstatement of the “Geum-Nanjeon-gweon(禁亂廛權)” practice, so they remained firm on upholding previously established principles. In the meantime, the request for compensation (regarding deficits caused by some items’ elevated price), and the establishment of exclusive rights and a Geum-Nanjeon-gweon reinstatement only for import items, were not that well received either. In the 5th year of King Gojong’s reign, Euijeong-bu council ruled(“裁處”) over cases concerning proxy taxpayers, Gye-in figures and market merchants, but right before hearing their problems the Gongshi Dangsang figures in charge were frequently reassigned to other duties and replaced by others. Regarding a fire accident that broke out in King Gojong’s 6th year, the council had the issue reported to the king’s father Dae’weon-gun(Dae’weon-gun’s instructions were issued in the form of “Dae’weon-wi Bunbu” or “Dae’weon-wi Jeong’ryeong”), which shows us that the council was wielding a considerable amount of power then. Gojong was still young and was not directly involved in governance just yet, so he let the council to do so. Then when he became 22 in his 10th year in reign, he began to take over the matter. Ever since, Yi Chwe-eung (who was a Naecheok figure and also a royal family member), Min Chi-sang and Min Gyeom-ho (from the Yeoheung Min house, which was also the In-law family of Gojong), Kim Bo-hyeon and Kim Jae-hyeon (from the Gwangsan Kim house), and Kim Byeong-shi and Kim Byeong-guk (from the Andong Kim house), were all assigned to important posts such as Prime Ministers, Jeongbu Dangsang figures, the Hojo Minister, Gongshi Dangsang posts, and the Pyeongshi-seo office’s Jejo seat. In the 11th year of Gojong’s reign, the Cheongjeon(淸錢) coin was abolished. Yeong’eui-jeong Councilor Yi Yu-weon, Wu’eui-jeong Councilor Park Gyu-su and Financial Minister Kim Se-gyun were concerned about what to do with all the now devalued Cheongjeon currency while fearing that the budget of the central government and the “Hojo” Ministry of Finance would dry out with only the Sangpyeong-jeon coins left to be used. The situation worsened when a huge draught struck Joseon in Gojong’s 13th year, draining the central budget further, and rendered the central government unable to pay the proxy taxpayers, Gye-in figures and market merchants the next year. In Gojong’s 15th year, Wu’eui-jeong Councilor Kim Byeong-guk diverted 40 thousand Rent-rice from the Sachang depository to the Hojo Ministry of Finance, securing it as part of the central budget and tried to solve the aforementioned payment problem. And Gojong also tried to fix the problem by using Naetang-geum(內帑金) properties of the royal family. But the budgetary shortage was massive, and enough resource to pay for the military, clerks and proxy taxpayers & market merchants was never secured. This prompted the merchants to affiliate themselves with the ‘governmental translaters’ in an effort to generate profit elsewhere. In Gojong’s 19th year in reign, and after the Imo-year military revolt, according to the treaty signed between Joseon and Qing (the Jocheong Sangmin Suryuk Muyeok Jangjeong[朝淸商民水陸貿易章程]), the Qing merchants ― who had been operating mainly in the open ports ― were newly allowed to approach and operate in regions near the capital. And in the next year, merchants from other countries ― including Japan ― were allowed to do so as well. Not only the Joseon merchants in the capital’s central marketplace, but also Joseon merchants throughout the country, were all exposed to a situation in which they would have to engage in free competitions with foreign counterparts. And in Gojong’s 20th year, the Hyemin Gongguk(惠商公局) office was opened, and began to supervise ― and support ― the Bobusang merchants’ operations. This was an attempt on the government’s part to form a political and economic alliance with a commercial force other than the Central marketplace’s merchants. In 1886, the 23rd year of Gojong’s reign, commodity prices continued to skyrocket, and the merchants were suffering severe deficits, as the payments from the government were nowhere near adequate levels and sometimes were never made at all. The merchants were literally going bankruptcy, and their deteriorated status prevented them from purchasing necessary items which they would have to sell to customers or provide the government with. In the end, the Central marketplace lost its most primary function of offering vital items to the government. And in 1894, the 31st year of Gojong’s reign, because of the Gabo-year “reform”(甲午更張) the Six Main Shops(“Yug’eui’jeon”) lost its exclusive rights (Geum-Nanjeon-gweon) as well. This marked the final abolition of the last remaining right of such kind, which had been spared from the 1791’s “Shinhae-year Tong’gong” order. A five centuries-old traditional right, enjoyed by the Central marketplace’s Six main shops, was finally taken away.

감정노동과 감정부조화가 노조몰입에 미치는 영향: 직무소진의 매개효과를 중심으로

김정자(Kim, Jeong-Ja),김해룡(Kim, Hae-Ryong) 한국경영교육학회 2020 경영교육연구 Vol.35 No.4

[연구목적] 본 연구는 조직구성원의 감정노동 및 감정부조화에 주목하고 이로 인해 발생하는 직무소진과 노조몰입에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 검증하기 위한 것이다. [연구방법] 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 선행연구의 문헌을 고찰하고 일곱 개의 연구가설을 설정하였다. U시와 B시에 소재하고 있는 대학병원 종사자를 대상으로 총 200부의 설문지를 배포하여 최종적으로 187부의 설문자료를 수집하였으며, 수집된 자료에 대해 신뢰성과 타당성을 검토하였다. 또한, 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석, 그리고 매개회귀분석을 통해 가설을 검증하였다. [연구결과] 감정노동 및 감정부조화가 직무소진의 하위요소 중 감정고갈과 탈 인격화에 유의한 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 감정노동과 감정부조화가 노조몰입에 유의한 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 직무소진의 하위요소 중 감정고갈이 노조몰입에 대해 유의한 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 감정노동이 노조몰입에 영향을 미치는데 있어서 직무소진의 하위요소 중 감정고갈이 부분매개역할을, 감정부조화가 노조몰입에 영향을 미치는데 있어서 감정고갈이 완전매개역할을 하고 있음을 확인하였다. [연구의 시사점] 본 연구를 통해 대학병원 종사자가 직무수행과정에서 겪게 되는 감정노동과 감정부조화의 결과로 직무소진과 노조몰입이 발생함을 확인할 수 있었다. [Purpose] Focusing upon emotional labor and emotional dissonance of organization’s members, this study empirically examined their effects on job burnout and union commitment. [Methodology] For this purpose, we reviewed previous literature and we developed seven hypotheses. To verify these hypotheses, data were collected through questionnaire survey from workers of university hospitals in U city and B city. Data from 187 respondents were tested by reliability, validity, correlation, regression, and mediated regression analysis. [Findings] This study found that emotional labor and emotional dissonance is positively related to job burnout(emotional exhaustion and depersonalization) and union commitment. Also, it is found that job burnout(emotional exhaustion) is positively related to union commitment. The results showed that job burnout(emotional exhaustion) mediated partially the relationship between emotional labor and union commitment and job burnout(emotional exhaustion) mediated fully the relationship between emotional dissonance and union commitment. [Implications] This study empirically assessed job burnout and union commitment as some of main consequences of workers’ emotional labor and dissonance at university hospitals.

전환사채의 가치평가에 관한 연구

김정자,Kim, Jeong-Ja 한국재무관리학회 1995 財務管理論叢 Vol.2 No.2

현장일기-나의 일터

김정자,Kim, Jeong-Ja 대한산업보건협회 1986 산업보건소식 Vol.35 No.-

Atropine의 가토혈압하강작용(家兎血壓下降作用)에 관하여

김정자,Kim, Jeong-Ja 대한약리학회 1975 대한약리학잡지 Vol.11 No.1

Atropinesterase를 가친 가토(家兎)를 선택(選擇)하여 urethane 마취하(麻醉下)에서 atropine에 대한 혈압반응(血壓反應)을 조사(調査)하여 다음과 같은 성적(成績)을 얻었다. 1) 10, $50{\mu}g/kg$의 atropine은 거의 혈압하강(血壓下降)을 일으키지 않았으나, $250{\mu}g/kg$는 미약(微弱)한 혈압하강(血壓下降)을, $1,250{\mu}g/kg$는 현저(顯著)한 혈압하강(血壓下降)을 일으켰다. 2) Hexamethonium 주입하(注入下) 10, $50{\mu}g/kg$의 atropine도 혈압하강(血壓下降)을 일으키고, $^-250$, $1,250{\mu}g/kg$에 대한 하강반응(下降反應)은 더욱 현저(顯著)하였다. 3) Hexamethonium 또는 hexamethonium+angio-tensin주입하(注入下)에서 나타나는 atropine (10, 50, $250{\mu}g/kg$)에 대한 혈압하강(血壓下降) 반응(反應)은 propaneline, phonoxybenzamine, bretylium 존재하(存在下)에서는 현저(顯著)하게 억제(抑制)되었다. 4) 척수이단(脊髓離斷) 가토(家兎)에서는 hexamethonium+angiotensin주입하(注入下)에서도 atropine (10, 50, $250{\mu}g/kg$)은 거의 혈압하강(血壓下降)을 일으키지 않았다. 상기(上記) 성적(成績)에 의거(依據)하여 atropine은 혈관계(血管系)에 분포(分布)되여 있는 교감신경계(交感神經系)의 신경절(神經節)에 있어서의 충격부달(衝擊傅達)을 억제(抑制)함으로써 혈압하강(血壓下降)을 일으키는 것으로 추측(推測)하였다. 1. Atropine has recently been known to possess a sympathetic ganglion blocking effect. If atropine blocks the sympathetic ganglia innervating the blood vessels, the drug should cause depressor responses. The author attempted to verify this assumption in urethane-anesthetized rabbits having atropinesterase. 2. Ten and $50{\mu}g/kg$ of atropine produced little variation of the blood pressure; $250{\mu}g/kg$ slight depressor responses; $1,250{\mu}g/kg$ distinct ones. Under hexamethonium-infusion, 10 and $50{\mu}g/kg$ produced observable depressor responses; 250 and $1,250{\mu}g/kg$ produced more pronounced ones. 3. In experiments examining influence of phenoxybenzamine and bretylium on the atropine responses, the lowered blood pressure by these agents was raised by simultaneous infusion of angiotensin with hexamethonium. The depressor responses to atropine (10, 50 and $250{\mu}g/kg$) were slight after the administration of phenoxybenzamine and bretylium. 4. Propranolol did not affect the depressor responses to atropine. 5. In spinalized rabbits the lowered blood pressure was raised by the angiotensin-infusion. In these animals receiving the simultaneous hexamethonium-infusion, atropine (10, 50 and $250{\mu}g/kg$) produced little depressor responses. 6. From these results it is inferred that atropine produced the depressor responses by blocking the sympathetic ganglia innervating the blood vessels.

단백질 구조 예측을 위한 서열 연관 규칙 탐사

김정자,이도헌,백윤주,Kim, Jeong-Ja,Lee, Do-Heon,Baek, Yun-Ju 한국정보처리학회 2001 정보처리학회논문지D Vol.8 No.5

바이오정보학(bioinformatic)은 생물학 분야 특히 분자 수준의 유전체 연구에서 발생하는 데이터를 저장, 관리, 분석하여 실험 프로젝트를 지원함은 물론, 기능 예측 및 조절에 대한 실험 설계를 가능하게 하는 제반 컴퓨터 기술을 의미한다. 유전체 연구의 다양한 접근 방식 중 단백체학(proteomics)는 유전체의 최종 산물인 단백질을 직접적으로 다룬다는 측면에서 그 효용성에 대해 많은 기대를 모으고 있다. 본 논문에서는 단백질의 기능을 결정하는 가장 중요한 요소 중 하나인 단백질의 구조를 예측하기 위한 데이터 마이닝 기법을 제안한다. 단백질의 일차 구조인 아미노산 서열에 타나나는 부서열간의 연관성이 해당 단백질의 이차 혹은 삼차 구조를 결정하는 중요한 단서임을 설명하고, 아미노산 부서열간의 연관성을 표현하기 위한 모델로서 서열 연관 규직을 정의한다. 서열 연관 규칙의 유용성을 평가하기 위한 지지도와 신뢰도를 새롭게 정의하고, 주어진 단백질 집단으로부터 유용한 서열 연관 규칙을 발견하기 위한 기법을 제안한다. 아울러, SWISS-PROT 단백질 데이터베이스로부터 입수한 단백질 서열 데이터를 이용하여 제안한 기법의 성능을 평가한다. Bioinformatics is a discipline to support biological experiment projects by storing, managing data arising from genome research. In can also lead the experimental design for genome function prediction and regulation. Among various approaches of the genome research, the proteomics have been drawing increasing attention since it deals with the final product of genomes, i.e., proteins, directly. This paper proposes a data mining technique to predict the structural characteristics of a given protein group, one of dominant factors of the functions of them. After explains associations among amino acid subsequences in the primary structures of proteins, which can provide important clues for determining secondary or tertiary structures of them, it defines a sequence association rule to represent the inter-subsequences. It also provides support and confidence measures, newly designed to evaluate the usefulness of sequence association rules, After is proposes a method to discover useful sequence association rules from a given protein group, it evaluates the performance of the proposed method with protein sequence data from the SWISS-PROT protein database.

신경근전기자극치료가 뇌졸중 환자의 연하장애에 미치는 효과

김정자,이종원,Kim, Jeong Ja,Lee, Jong Won 대한물리치료과학회 2019 대한물리치료과학회지 Vol.26 No.2

Background: The purpose of this study was to provide the basis for the treatment intervention by identifying the treatment effect when rehabilitation intervention is applied to patients with dysphagia due to stroke and by comparing the results of the treatment mediation according to the differences of the treatment methods and frequency. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods: 30 people diagnosed with dysphagia due to stroke were divided in accordance with the differences in treatment mediation techniques and treatment frequency- traditional swallowing rehabilitation coupled with neuromuscular electrical stimulation group and only neuromuscular electrical stimulation group/ 5 times per week group and 2 times per week group, and ten weeks of treatment intervention was performed. Paired t test was employed to show the efficacy of treatment intervention, Independent sample t test was used to compare the results according to difference and number of treatment intervention techniques. Results: There was a significant positive effect of treatment on traditional swallowing rehabilitation coupled with neuromuscular electrical stimulation group, only neuromuscular electrical stimulation group, 5 times per week group and 2 times per week group (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in treatment effect between traditional swallowing rehabilitation coupled with neuromuscular electrical stimulation group and only neuromuscular electrical stimulation group (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in treatment effect between 5 times per week group and 2 times per week group (p<0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant difference according to the technique or number of treatments of swallowing rehabilitation treatment interventions, but it was confirmed that rehabilitation intervention for dysphagia showed positive treatment effect.

경직형 뇌성마비아의 장악력에 파지기능 훈련이 미치는 영향(4례 증례보고)

김정자,오명화,김은정,Kim, Jeong-Ja,Oh, Myung-Hwa,Kim, Eun-Jung 대한물리치료학회 2008 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find the effect of grip strength of the grasping reflex skill training of 4 case children with spastic cerebral palsy. Smedley hand dynamometer(JAMAR, USA) was used for measuring grip strength. Methods: Smedley hand dynamometer(JAMAR, USA) was used for measuring grip strength. Cases were chosen mild, moderate and severe spastic cerebral palsy with sitting balance and perception. To achieve that purpose, this training program was carried out 5 times a week for 4 weeks with 4 children. The performance of grasping reflex skill training and grip strength was evaluated each other. Results: Both hands were investigated with grasping reflex skill test and grip strength in two week intervals. In the dominant or nondominant hand, the more improvement of grasping reflex skill test is high, the more that of grip strength is high. Conclusion: The result were as follows that. The grasping reflex skill training was effective in grip strength.

고령세대의 환경과 헬스 케어 시스템 주택에 관한 연구

김정자,김진,Kim, Jeong-Ja,Kim, Jin 한국전자통신학회 2012 한국전자통신학회 논문지 Vol.7 No.4

In the current legal system, establishing aging friendly house based on health-care for the senior people over 65 seems hard to be achieved. For these reasons, this study is intended to explore the improvements in the legal system using the comparative analysis in the domestic legal systems. The related legal system is divided into two sections - healthcare system house and senior house. It is very limited only th exchange the information with medical teams. Thus, we need to investigate th concept and all the matters of health-care on the basis of cases. From these results, we are aware of the necessity of the improvements of the health-care system, and suggest plans for these problems. That is to organize the legal system, and make a new law through revising the current specific identification.

발살바 기법이 몸통 굴곡과 신전에 대한 저항운동에 미치는 영향

김정자,윤혁진,장경만,이희선,이종원,Kim, Jeong-ja,Yoon, Hyuk-jin,Jang, Kyung-man,Lee, Hee-sun,Lee, Jong-won 대한물리치료과학회 2020 대한물리치료과학회지 Vol.27 No.3

Background: The effect of the Valsalva maneuver applied in resistance exercise has shown contradictory results. This study aims to investigate the effect of the Valsalva maneuver on resistance exercise by examining the changes that occur by applying the Valsalva maneuver during trunk flexion and extension resistance exercise in healthy adults. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: 34 healthy adults were conveniently recruited. According to the with or without Valsalva maneuver, the flexion and extension of the trunk were measured and evaluated. Results: Paired t test showed that there was a statistically significant difference in maximum torque of trunk flexion in the resistance exercise with Valsalva maneuver. However, there was no statistically significant difference in trunk extension (p<.05), in the total and average work of trunk flexion and extension (p<.05). Conclusion: The results of this study in which the difference in the amount of exercise according to the application of the Valsalva maneuver was not significant, show that the practice of the Valsalva maneuver, which has a risk of injury, should be avoided in rehabilitation exercises.