배나무 붉은별무늬병(적성병) 관한 연구 I. 전염원의 몇가지 생태 조사

김승철,김충회,Kim Seung Chul,Kim Choong Hoe 한국응용곤충학회 1980 한국식물보호학회지 Vol.19 No.1

배나무 붉은별무늬병은 1973년이래 해마다 발병이 증가하여 1975연에는 발병엽율 $60.3\%$에 달하였으며 1974년 향나무 재식규제조치이후 감소하였다. 붉은별무늬병원균의 동포자발아 시기는 4월중순부터 5월중순까지 였으며 인공강우에 의하여 그 발아시기를 5일 전에 알 수 있었다. 성숙한 동포자퇴의 포자발아에는 3시간 이상의 계속되는 비로서 상당량의 강수가 필요하였다. 배나무의 감염은 강우중이나 강우직후에 이루워지고 있었으며 강양 24시간 이후의 감염은 없었다. 감염후 배나무에서의 잠복기간은 $9\~10$일이었다. 배나무와 향나무사이의 지리가 100m 이내인 경우에는 거의 모든 배나무가 발병하였으나 거리가 멀어짐에 따라 발병율도 감소하였으며 2km 이상에서는 발병이 없었다. The outbreak of the pear rust caused by Gymnosporangium haraenum SYDOW has increased gradually since 1973, and amounted to 60.3 percent infection of leaves in 1975. But it has reduced due to regulation of juniper plantings by Plant Protection Law enacted in 1974. The teliospores of C. haraeanum germinated from middle of April to middle of May under natural condition. The germination of teliospores was observed 5 day earlier under laboratory condition with the artificial rainfall than that of natural condition. It was required considerable rainfall and longer than 3hr rainy period to germinate teliospores after being matured. Infection of rear leaves took place in the rain or just after the rain, but not after 24hr. The incubation period of G. haraeanum on the leaf was 9 to 10 days. In case that the distance between orchard and juniper trees was less than loom, almost all of the pears were infected, but the chance oft infection reduced in proportion as the distance increased. No infection occurred at the distance of further than 2000m.

사과나무 부난성 병해(부난병, 동고병, 동부병)에 관한 연구 제1보 발생상황

김승철,원창남,이응권,손준수,한의동,Kim Seung Chul,Won Chang Nam,Lee Eung Kwon,Son Jun Su,Han Eui Dong 한국응용곤충학회 1970 한국식물보호학회지 Vol.9 No.2

1) 본 보고는 사과나무 부란성병의 발생상황에 대하여 주산지인 충북, 충남, 경북등 3개도에서 1967년부터 1970년까지 4년 간 조사한 것이다. 2) 피해상황은 각지방에서 $30\%$ 내외가 감염되어 사과재배에 큰 위협을 주고 있다. 3) 수령별로는 대체로 수령이 많아질 수록 발병이 심한 펀이었다. 4) 품종간에는 홍옥의$6.1\%$가 가장 발병이 많았고 그 외는 Golden Delicious, 인도, 국광, 축의 순위였다. 5) 시비관계는 질소다량시비구가 $21.9\%$로 소양시비구에 비하여 약 1/3정도 발병이 많았으며, 붕소를 사용한 과원은 대조과원보다 약 1/4-1/6 정도로 발병률이 감소되었다. 6) 재배지대별로 보면 충북에서는 하천지대에 발병이 심했으나 경북지방은 대체로 하천, 평야, 구릉지대 어디서나 비슷한 경향이었다. The occurence of apple canker in the three main apple growing areas including Yesan, Chungju and Taegu was investigated during the four years from 1967 to 1970. According to the survey, about 30 percent of apple plants was infected with canker organisms and more the disease occurred in older plants in comparison with younger ones. Jonathan was said to be highly susceptible among five varieties observed. Main trunks or main branches had more canker lesions than those of twigs or of side branches. The survey showed that application of higher nitrogenous fertilizer without boric acid predisposed to the disease together with sandy soil.

배나무 붉은별무늬병(적성병)에 관한 연구 II. 중간기주조사 및 약제방제

김승철,김충회,Kim Seung Chul,Kim Choong Hoe 한국응용곤충학회 1982 한국식물보호학회지 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구는 배나무붉은별무늬병의 중간기생 조사 및 향나무${\cdot}$배나무에 대한 효과적 약제방제방법을 마련코자 수행되었으며 그 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 배나무붉별무늬병균의 동포자퇴 형성은 피라밋드향나무에서 가장 많았으며 참향나무, 향나무, 연필 향나무가 중간, 노간주자무, 둥근향나무는 적었다. 2. 향나무에 대한 살포약제는 Actidione 1000배액의 4월초순${\cdot}$중순의 2회 살포가 가장 좋았으며 약해도 없었다. 3. 배나무에 대한 Bayleton 800배액의 4월순$\~$5월초순의 $2\~3$회 살포는 병발생을 효과적으로 억제하였다. 4. 배나무에 대한 약제살포는 강우전에 하는 것이 가장 효과적이었으며 강우후 살포시기가 지연될수록 효과는 감소하였다. The studies were carried out to examine susceptibility or resistance of junipers as an inform ediate host of pear rust, to select effective fungicides to pear and juniper rust, and to determine their application time. The telia were formed abundanty on Juniperus chinensis var. kaizuka, moderately on J. chinensis, J. chinensis var. sargentii and J. virginiana, but little on J. chinensis var. globosa and J. utilis. The telia from the junipers were pathogenic to pear. Spraying juniper host with the fungicide Actidione in the 1st and End parts of April greaty inhibited swelling of telia as well as germination of teliospores. The two or three applications of Bayleton at the end of April to May 10 were remarkably effective for the control of pear rust. Fungicide sprays just before rain were more effective than those after rain.

Ka-band Satellite Broadcasting System using Scalable Video technology

김승철,장대익,Kim, Seung-Chul,Chang, Dae-Ig Korea Society of Satellite Technology 2007 한국위성정보통신학회논문지 Vol.2 No.2

본 논문에서는, 스케일러블 비디오 압축 기술을 이용한 Ka대역 HD 위성방송 시스템을 소개하고자 한다. 이미 알려진 바와 같이, Ka대역은 강우감쇠에 취약한 특성으로 인해 HD 위성방송 서비스를 제공함에 있어서 일정 수준 이상의 가용도가 보장되기 어렵다. 그러한 문제점을 극복하기 위한 방안으로서, 본 논문에서는 H.264 SVC 비디오 기술을 기반으로 한 계층형 방송 시스템의 개념과 그에 따른 몇 가지 형태의 시스템 시나리오를 제시하고, 각각에 대한 비교 분석을 통해 최적의 모델을 제시하고자 한다. 각 시나리오에는 DVB-S, DVB-S2 전송 규격이 포함되며, 변조 방식으로는 QPSK와 8PSK등이 고려되었다. 모든 경우에 대하여, 2 계층 공간 스케일러블 비디오 압축 방식이 적용되었다. In this paper, we propose an advanced Ka-band satellite HD broadcasting system using scalable video coding technology. As already known, it is not so easy to achieve reasonable link availability on Ka-band because of the rain-attenuation effect, and in case of HD broadcasting service it's more difficult. To overcome that problem, we propose an hierarchical broadcasting system based on H.264 SVC technology. In this paper, we suggest a few types of system scenario to realize the concept. Those scenarios are including DVB-S and DVB-S2 and spatially scalable video stream is the source stream in all cases.

현장계측과 수치해석에 의한 쉴드TBM 터널의 지표침하 예측모델

김승철,안성율,이송,노태길,Kim, Seung-Chul,Ahn, Sung-Youll,Lee, Song,Noh, Tae-Kil 한국터널지하공간학회 2013 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.15 No.3

본 연구는 쉴드 TBM을 적용한 국내 지하철 현장의 계측 자료를 분석하고 기존 이론식에 의한 모델 및 수치해석 결과와의 비교를 통해 보다 간편한 지표침하 예측 S-모델을 개발하였다. 이를 위해 전체 굴착 구간 중, 대표 station을 선정하여 횡방향 지표침하 특성과 굴착 진행에 따른 종방향 지표침하 특성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과를 바탕으로 횡방향 지표침하 형태는 이완영역과 탄성영역으로 구성된다고 가정하고 실제 계측 자료와의 비교를 통해 최대 지표침하량과 침하 영향 범위를 산정할 수 있는 모델을 제안하였다. 이에 의하면 굴착 진행에 따른 종방향 지표침하 형태는 3차 함수 특성과 유사하였으며 각각의 계수를 터널 직경 및 토피고의 함수로 하여 S-모델을 제안하였고, 실제 계측 값 및 수치해석 결과와 상당히 유사한 형태의 지표침하를 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구결과를 통해 다소 연약한 풍화토, 풍화암 지층을 통과하는 쉴드 TBM 굴착 시공 시, 간편 S-모델을 이용하여 굴착에 따른 지표침하의 예측이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. In this study, more convenient model(S-model) for predicting ground surface settlement is developed through comparing field monitoring data of the domestic subway applied shield TBM method with conventional equation & numerical analysis. Sample stations are chosen from whole of excavation section and lateral & vertical ground surface settlement characteristic with excavation are analysed. Based on analysis result, through the comparison with actual monitoring data, the model that is possible to compute maximum surface settlement and settlement influence area is suggested with assumption that lateral surface settlement forms are composed relaxed zone and elastic zone. In addition, vertical ground surface settlement patterns with excavation are similar to cubic-function and S-model with assumption that coefficients are function of tunnel diameter and depth is suggested. Consequently, the ground surface settlement patterns are significantly similar to actual monitoring data and numerical method result. Thus, as a result, when tunnels are excavated using sheild TBM through rather soft weathered soil & rock layer, prediction of ground surface settlement with excavation using convenient S-model is practicable.

위암환자에서 시행한 위전절제술에 대한 임상적 고찰

김승철(Seung Chul Kim),유성주(Seong Ju Yoo),문덕진(Doug Jin Moon),박주섭(Ju Sup Park) 대한외과학회 1984 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research Vol.26 No.6

한국 수출기업의 검색엔진 마케팅(Search Engine Marketing)활용방안 연구

김승철(Seung-chul Kim),박재우(Jae-woo Park) 한국인터넷전자상거래학회 2009 인터넷전자상거래연구 Vol.9 No.4

As the world wide web has matured, search engines have occupied an increasingly powerful position, by both channelling the attention of millions of users, and generating revenue for web sites through contextual advertising programmes, such as Google’'s AdSense. In this environments, Search engines are playing an increasingly important role in Internet marketing and commerce in export enterprises. However, against the background of a rapidly consolidating search market, there are increasingly sophisticated technology tools and approaches to utilizing search engines to achieve marketing goals such as Market Research, International Marketing. The purpose of this paper is to identify the most popular techniques used to rank a web page highly in search engine and offers a revealing insight into the techniques used by industry experts to rank highly in search engine.

중소규모 기업 구성원 상호간의 갈등해소를 위한 구성주의적 컨설팅 사례연구

김승철 ( Kim Seung Chul ) 단국대학교 분쟁해결연구소 2017 분쟁해결연구 Vol.15 No.2

경영관리 분야의 이론은 `논리 실증주의`와 `현상학`이라는 패러다임으로부터 상보적으로 발전해 왔다. 복잡한 현상을 언어, 기호, 수식 등으로 단순화하고 명료화하는데 논리 실증주의적 접근이 적합하며, 현상학적 접근은 이러한 단순화, 명료화의 과정에서 간과하기 쉬운 의미, 맥락, 과정을 고찰하는데 적합하다. 따라서 논리 실증주의와 현상학적 접근이 가지는 문제 해결의 유용성을 검토하는 작업이 필요하며, 실무적 유용성을 그 핵심으로 삼는 컨설팅에서는 더욱 그러하다. 그러나, 경영컨설팅 연구에서 현상학적 이론의 유용성에 대해서 실무에 접목한 사례 연구는 매우 부족한 것이 현실이다. 본 연구에서는 최근 교육학 분야에서 현상학적 관점에서 대두된 구성주의 (constructivism)를 컨설팅에 접목한 사례이다. 15년차에 이른 중소 규모의 A社를 대상으로 구성원들이 점차 마음을 열고, 개방적인 자세로 조직 갈등 해결을 위한 성찰적 학습에 적극적으로 참여하여 해결 방안을 모색하는 과정을 분석하였다. 즉, 클라이언트로 하여금 문제 혹은 상황에 대한 의미 만들기(how to make meaning) 혹은 알아가기(how to come know)를 촉진하는 구성주의적 컨설팅 접근법을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 조직 갈등이 논리 실증주의적 관점에서 컨설턴트에 의한 객관적인 해결안의 제시와 클라이언트의 수용에 의해서만 해결되는 것이 아니라, 현상학적 관점에서 구성원 스스로 갈등을 둘러싼 상황, 의미, 경험을 구성함으로써 해체될 수 있음을 제시하였다는 점에서 그 의의가 있다. Theories in business management field have been developed complimentarily from the paradigm of logical positivism and phenomenology. Logical positivism is proper approach method for complex phenomena to be simplified and clarified by use of language, code, and numerical formula. On the other hand, phenomenology is proper approach method for investigating meaning, process, and context that can be overlooked in clarification and simplification process. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the utility of problem solution results from both methods of logical positivism and phenomenology. Especially it has been found rarely in numerous consulting researches that require practical utility essentially. In this research, constructivism on the view of phenomenology that has been on the rise in the recent education field applied to the small enterprise business consulting. Research object is small enterprise `A` which was found 15 years ago. The research analyses concretely the process of organizational conflict solution; opening their minds gradually, participating in reflexive learning with open minds, and finding the optimal solution. In the process of business consulting, constructivism methods that facilitate clients such as `how to make meaning of the problem or the situation`, `how to come to know` were suggested. This case research that shows organizational conflict can not be solved only by the consultant`s suggestion of the objective solution and client`s acceptance based on logical positivism method but can be dissolved by voluntary participation of organizational members who reconsider situations, meanings, experiences that cause conflict based on phenomenological method will be significant

특별섹션 논문 : 중소기업 생산성 향상을 위한 체계적인 프로젝트 관리방식의 도입: 중소기업과 대기업의 프로젝트관리 성숙도 비교

김승철 ( Seung Chul Kim ) 한국중소기업학회 2011 中小企業硏究 Vol.33 No.2

오늘날 기업의 성과를 높이고 가치를 향상시키며 지속적인 경쟁력을 유지하고자 하는 "지속적인 경쟁우위(sustainable competitive advantage)"라는 개념이 기업의 관심을 끌고 있으며 이와 연관되어 많이 얘기되는 개념은 수월성(Business Excellence)이다. 즉 어떻게 하면 기업의 경쟁에서 우월적인 지위를 차지하고 이를 계속해서 유지할 수 있는가 하는 것이 기업의 궁극적인 관심사인 것이다. 기업의 경쟁력을 높이고 생존과 발전에 중대한 영향을 미치는 것은 반복적인 일상업무 외에 신제품 개발과 같은 특별한 과제를 다루는 프로젝트로서 기업 경영에서 프로젝트의 전략적 중요성이 매우 커지고 있다. 이처럼 기업의 생존과 발전을 위해 프로젝트의 비중이 커지고 있는데 비해서 프로젝트를 체계적으로 관리하기 위한 시스템이나 프로세스 등의 개발과 수립은 한국의 기업에서 많이 뒤쳐져 있다. 특히 중소기업은 대기업에 비해서 인적자원의 양과 질이 부족하고 교육과 훈련의 예산도 부족한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 프로젝트관리 성숙도 모형을 이용하여 프로젝트 생산성에 중대한 영향을 미치는 프로젝트 관리 능력의 현재 상황을 중소기업과 대기업, 산업별, 프로젝트 규모별로 측정 비교하고 부족한 부분에 대한 문제점과 원인을 진단하여 향상방안을 제시하였다. 전반적으로 중소기업은 대기업에 비해 거의 모든 프로젝트관리 지식분야에서 낮은 성숙도 수준을 보였으며, 그 차이는 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 중소기업과 대기업의 차이는 산업별로 구분된 그룹별 조사에서도 동일한 현상을 보였으며 조사된 주요 산업 4개 분야에서 모두 중소기업이 대기업보다 낮은 성숙도를 보였다. 또한 프로젝트의 규모가 커질수록 프로젝트관리성숙도 수준이 높았다. As the competition becomes more intense in the business environment, business firms are paying more attention on how to achieve and maintain competitive advantages. Recently, the concept of business excellence is receiving attention from the business firms that are trying to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Since the concept of business excellence was first introduced in the 1980s, quality management method was usually used to achieve business excellence. This paper suggests that project management can be a good vehicle to achieve business excellence by comparing the basic principles of business excellence with those of quality management and project management. The comparison shows that project management can support the concept of business excellence in terms of process management, that is, a systematic way of developing plans, organizing workforce, and executing the tasks. The process management capability is an important enabler of business excellence concept as can be seen in the EFQM Excellence Model. Business firms can achieve business excellence more effectively and efficiently by employing the project management skills and knowledge. In this regard, it is necessary for business firms to possess a proper level of project management capability. Project management maturity is a level indicating a business firm`s capability to manage project systematically. Project Management Maturity Model (PMMM) is a model that can help a business firm assess and improve its project management capability in comparison to the best practices known in the industry. It is important and essential for business firms to improve their project management maturity because it is the project management capability that handles the special tasks, such as R&D activities to develop new products and new technologies, which have significant impacts on the survival and long term prosperity of a business firm in the increasingly competitive business environment. These are particularly important issues for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) since they are usually at disadvantage compared to the large firms in terms of resource and management capability. Literature review shows that there is not enough research done on investigating project management maturity issues for Korean business firms although it has important implications for Korean SMEs to improve their competitiveness against large firms. In this research, we (1) developed a tool to measure the project management maturity of a business firm in the form of survey questionnaire; (2) conducted the survey and collected data from business managers who had participated in the projects that were carried out in both SMEs and large firms; (3) analyzed the data by comparing SMEs and large firms, and by industry types and the project sizes; (4) made a few useful suggestions from the results. An empirical study was conducted by survey method and statistical analysis of the collected data. Data was collected from 204 managers in various industries such as construction, engineering, IT and telecommunication, manufacturing and production, R&D, etc. The questionnaire measured the responses from the managers regarding the perceived project management maturity levels of the projects in which they were involved. The questionnaire contained questions regarding the ten areas of project management knowledge: they were integration, scope, time, cost, quality, human resource, communication, risk, procurement, and professional ethics. The total number of questions was 49 excluding the respondent`s personal information. The data was analyzed for comparison of the project management maturity levels of the groups by firm size, industry types, and project size. The results were summarized in tables to show the differences between and among the groups. First, the project management maturity levels of SMEs and large firms were compared in terms of average scores in Table 5. For all ten knowledge areas, SMEs showed lower scores than large firms, and most of the average score differences between the two groups were statistically significant. This result indicates that SMEs seem to be less capable in project management capability compared to large firms, which again implies that the project performance by SMEs may be less satisfactory than those by large firms in terms of cost and schedule efficiency. The lower performance may also be related to the lower productivity for the projects conducted by the SMEs. Second, the maturity levels were compared among different industries. The data was divided into four industry groups of construction and engineering, IT and telecommunication, manufacturing and production, and R&D industry. In each industry group, the data was again divided into the two groups of SMEs and large firms. Table 6 shows the results of the analysis. Except for very few cases, large firms showed higher scores of maturity levels compared to SMEs regardless of the industry type. One notable thing is that the differences between SMEs and large firms were the smallest for manufacturing and production industry. These results again confirm the superiority of large firms against SMEs in project management capability regardless of the industry type and the knowledge area. Third, the differences in project management maturity levels were investigated by the project size measured in terms of budget assigned to the project. This analysis was motivated from the conjecture that large scale projects tend to use more human and capital resources compared to smaller scale projects, and therefore the project management process tends to be more systematic and structured, thus leading to higher scores of maturity levels. The projects were grouped into five categories based on the budget amount of the projects, and the number of projects assessed for each of the five maturity levels was counted. The results were presented in Table 7. The results showed that the large scale projects, e.g. with a larger budget, tend to have higher scores of maturity level than smaller scale projects, e.g., with a smaller budget. One possible explanation may be that the large scale projects use more resources in terms of manpower, capital, and equipment, and the business firms have greater necessity and motivation to manage the resources systematically and efficiently. Also, large scale projects may have better capability to establish structured project management processes and systems as well as to invest more time and effort in training the people. Therefore, large scale projects showed higher scores for project management maturity. The results showed that there were clear and significant differences of project management maturity levels between SMEs and large firms, and among the industry types and the project sizes. The firms with different project management maturity levels may have different levels of project management capability, which will again lead to different levels of performance in terms of cost and time efficiency, and productivity. These days, all business firms desire to achieve business excellence. Project management capability is a very effective way to achieve excellence and sustainable competitiveness. Business firms need to pay attention and invest their time and effort to gain knowledge and to accumulate experience, which are essential elements for developing and establishing a mature project management processes and systems. PMMM will provide useful guidelines and an effective tool for assessing and improving the project management capability for business firms.

CZM(Cohesive Zone Model)을 이용한 철도차량용 직물 복합재의 모우드 I 층간파괴의 해석적 연구

김승철(Seung-Chul Kim),김정석(Jung Seok Kim),윤혁진(Hyuk-Jin Yoon),서승일(Seung-Il Seo) 한국철도학회 2009 한국철도학회논문집 Vol.12 No.5