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High Cooling Water Temperature Effects on Design and Operational Safety of NPPs in the Gulf Region
김병구,정용훈 한국원자력학회 2013 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.45 No.7
The Arabian Gulf region has one of the highest ocean temperatures, reaching above 35 degrees and ambient temperaturesover 50 degrees in the summer. Two nuclear power plants (NPP) are being introduced in the region for the first time, one atBushehr (1,000 MWe PWR plant from Russia), and a much larger one at Barakah (4X1,400 MWe PWR from Korea). Bothplants take seawater from the Gulf for condenser cooling, having to modify the secondary/tertiary side cooling systems designby increasing the heat transfer surface area from the country of origin. This paper analyses the secondary side of a typicalPWR plant operating under the Rankine cycle with a simplified thermal-hydraulic model. Parametric study of ocean coolingtemperatures is conducted to estimate thermal efficiency variations and its associated design changes for the secondary side. Operational safety is reviewed to deliver rated power output with acceptable safety margins in line with technicalspecifications, mainly in the auxiliary systems together with the cooling water temperature. Impact on the Gulf seawater as theultimate heat sink is considered negligible, affecting only the adjacent water near the NPP site, when compared to the solarradiation on the sea surface.
민유임영임단을 중심으로 한 임업노동력 소요 , 공급분석
김병구,최관 ( Byeong Ku Kim,Kwan Choi ) 한국산림과학회 1997 한국산림과학회지 Vol.86 No.3
This study was conducted to estimate future need and supply of labor in forestry in Korea. To estimate future labor demand, it was hypothesized that 3,503 thousand hectares of privately-owned forest land will need to be managed for normal forest development. At each step in the forest management process, the work-force requirement was estimated. To estimate future labor supply, 520 rural residents were interviewed to reveal their willingness to be employed in forestry under four hypothetical wage rates. From those, 490 questionnaires were used to develop a probability function for labor supply. Based on this function, it was estimated that 39,190 forest workers will be needed per year for the next ten years. This labor needs will be met between the years 2003 and 2004 if the real wage rate rises 5% per year, and in 2001 if wages increase 7% annually. This assumes a base salary of 32,200 Won. However, if the wage rate remains constant at the 1995 level of 32,200 Won, then the labor deficit will be perpetuated.