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한약재 품질관리실태에 대한 한방의료기관 종사자들의 인식도
김광수,유왕근,Kim Kwang-Su,Yoo Wang-Keun 대한예방한의학회 2003 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.7 No.1
This study was conducted to examine recognition of oriental medical doctors on the quality control of herbal medicine and to provide useful information for the establishment of effective quality control system of herbal medicine. Data were collected from 202 oriental medical doctors working in oriental medical hospitals or clinics in Daegu-Gyungbuk province. Generally, there is a tendency that most respondents have low degree of recognition, trust and satisfaction of the quality control of herbal medicine while they think standardization and complete quality control systems of herbal medicine is needed highly. Thus, in order to increase confidence of consumers in herbal medicine, and to increase the utilization of oriental medical services, both strengthening of quality control systems and standardization and establishment of Oriental KFDA as a new government agency responsible for the work should be required.
초음파분무 연소법에 의한 나노결정 ZnO 초미분체 제조
김광수,황두선,구숙경,이강,전치중,이은구,김선재,Kim, Kwang-Su,Hwang, Du-Sun,Ku, Suk-Kyeon,Lee, Kang,Jeon, Chi-Jung,Lee, Eun-Gu,Kim, Sun-Jae 한국재료학회 2002 한국재료학회지 Vol.12 No.10
For mass product of nanocrystalline ZnO ultrafine powders, self-sustaining combustion process(SCP) and ultrasonic spray combustion method(USCM) were applied at the same time. Ultrasonic spray gun was attached on top of the vertical type furnace. The droplet was sprayed into reaction zone of the furnace to form SCP which produces spherical shape with soft agglomerate crystalline ZnO particles. To characterize formed particles, fuel and oxidizing agent for SCP were used glycine and zinc nitrate or zinc hydroxide. Respectively, with changing combustion temperature and mixture ratio of oxidizing agent and fuel, the best ultrasonic spray conditions were obtained. To observe ultrasonic spray effect, two types of powder synthesis processes were compared. One was directly sprayed into furnace from the precursor solution (Type A), the other directly was heated on the hot plate without using spray gun (Type B). Powder obtained by type A was porous sponge shape with heavy agglomeration, but powder obtained using type B was finer primary particle size, spherical shape with weak agglomeration and bigger value of specific surface area. 9/ This can be due to much lower reaction temperature of type B at ignition time than type A. Synthesized nanocrystalline ZnO powders at the best ultrasonic spray conditions have primary particle size in range 20~30nm and specific surface area is about 20m$^2$/g.
김광수,Kim, Kwang-Su 한국건축역사학회 2014 건축역사연구 Vol.23 No.5
It was identified by the excavation that architecture remains were confirmed buddhist temple consist of ruins of main building of a temple, auditorium site, ruins of stone pagoda, embankment, pedestrian Facilities and drainage etc. in the Gwangmyeong-dong site. The site has been held temple arrangement with 1 main building of a temple, twin Pagodas from the Unified Silla period to Goryeo dynasty. The temple constructed after that was destroyed the architecture in the Unified Silla period. It seems that aristocrat or royalty power of within group of the nearby remains of city which was constructed in the Unified Silla period build and visit the temple. Considering there are excavations, it assumes that the temple had been constructed during the last days of the Unified Silla, was closed up during the mid-Goryeo Dynasty.
1950-1960년 콩고민주공화국 바콩고동맹(ABAKO)의 정체성 변화에 대한 고찰
김광수(KIM, Kwang-Su) 한국아프리카학회 2014 한국아프리카학회지 Vol.43 No.-
ABAKO(Alliance des Bakongo) of Democratic Republic of Congo is an organization founded by an ethnic group who sought to preserve its language, culture and tradition. It later developed into a political organization and led an independence movement from Belgium. In 1950, Edmond Nzeza-Nlandu founded the ABAKO in Leopoldville (currently known as Kinshasa), the capital of Belgian Congo. ABAKO changed into a political organization, however, when Nzeza-Nlandu stepped down from his position and Joseph Kasa-Vubu was elected instead as the chief of ABAKO in March 21, 1954. The Bakongo nationalism, as a link between the Kongo Kingdom of the past and the Bakongo people of the present, had influence on their cultural identity, attitude towards authority, political orientation, a common ground for geographical boundaries, and provided foundation for group mobilization. Moreover, the Kimbangu Church, founded by Simon Kimbangu had close ties with ABAKO. They struggled to obtain independece from the Belgian colonial rule. In conclusion, the leaders and members of ABAKO regarded the ‘ethnic, linguistic and historical’ affinities as the identity of their Bakongo nationalist group.
아프리카중심주의(Afrocentrism) 시각에서 본 서아프리카 수단 지역 문명의 정체성 연구 : 가나 왕국과 말리 왕국의 대장장이 정체성을 중심으로
김광수(Kim, Kwang-Su) 한국아프리카학회 2021 한국아프리카학회지 Vol.62 No.-
아프리카중심주의 시각에서 대장장이는 서아프리카 수단 지역 문명의 흥망성쇠에 중요한 역할을 하였으며 가나 및 말리 왕국에서 특별한 정체성을 갖고 있었다. 가나 왕국에서 대장장이는 철 기술을 이용한 무기와 농기구를 생산하여 왕국의 발전에 매우 중요한 존재였다. 사람들은 대장장이는 창조자로 신비한 힘을 이용할 수 있는 존재라고 생각했고 존경했다. 말리 왕국이 출현하기 전에 서아프리카 수단 지역에서는 대장장이가 왕 또는 공동체의 통치자가 되는 예도 있었으며 공동체에서 강력한 영향력을 갖고 있었다. 구전역사에 따르면 가나 왕국에는 모두 144개의 대장장이 가족이 출현했고 왕과 왕국은 이들에 대해 보호와 특권을 주었다. 말리 왕국에서 대장장이는 정치적 영향력과 힘을 잃어버리고 전문가 집단으로서 그 역할과 지위가 변화하였다. 대장장이는 전문가 집단으로 그리오(griot), 피난(finan: 가죽세공) 그리고 가랑케(garanke: 특별한 업무수행)와 함께 냐마칼라(Nyamakala) 계급에 속했다. 대장장이는 철 기술을 이용한 도구제작은 물론 주술사, 치료사, 중재자 등 삶의 전반에 걸쳐 중요한 공동체의 문제를 해결하고 풍요로움과 번영을 중개하는 등 역할이 확대되었다. 두 왕국의 사례를 볼 때 대장장이는 철 기술을 이용한 무기와 도구의 제작뿐만 아니라 왕국의 발전에 중요한 역할을 하였으며 다양한 정체성을 갖고 있었다. From an Afrocentrism perspective, blacksmiths played an important role in the rise and fall of civilization in Western Sudan Area civilization, and had a special identities in the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali. In the Kingdom of Ghana, blacksmiths were very important to the development of the kingdom by producing weapons and agricultural equipment using iron technology. People admired blacksmiths because they thought they could harness mysterious power as creators. Prior to the Kingdom of Mali, in Western Sudan Area, blacksmiths became kings or rulers because they were very important to the development of the kingdom or the community by producing weapons and agricultural tools using iron technology. According to oral history a total of 144 blacksmith family emerged and gave special protection and privileges to the king and his kingdom"s people. In the Kingdom of Mali, blacksmiths lost their political influence and power, changing their role and status as a group of experts. Blacksmiths belonged to the Nyamakala class, which included Griot, finan, and garanke. Blacksmiths have expanded their roles by solving important problems in communities such as sorcerers, herbal doctors, and mediators throughout life as well as producing tools using iron technology and mediating abundance and prosperity. In the case of the two kingdoms, the blacksmith played an important role in the development of the kingdom as well as in the production of weapons and tools using iron technology and had various identities.
아프리카의 구전전통에 나타난 역사의식과 문화적 정체성 : 남부 아프리카의 구전역사가 임봉기(Imbongi)를 중심으로
김광수(Kim Kwang-Su) 한국아프리카학회 2004 한국아프리카학회지 Vol.20 No.-
This article offers the role and function of Southern African imbongi as a oral historian(in particular Zulu and Xhosa society). They are reciting a praise-poem(izibongo) as the public orators or praise poets in the official places and out in their colourful dresses dancing and singing. Izibongo is the genre of fundamental historical, political, and socio-regulative relevance, and interpretation which within Zulu and Xhosa societies seems to have been continually valid until today. Attached to the court of the king or chief was an important official whose profession was the recording of the praise-namse, victories, and laudable characteristics of his master. These izibongo were recited on any occasion which seemed to call for public adulation of the chief, such as the defeat of his enemies, the approach of distinguished visitors, the distribution of royal bounty, and so forth.