서울도시기본계획에서 나타난 오래된 도시 환경에 대한 태도 변화

기세황,박소현 대한건축학회 2019 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.35 No.2

The purpose of this study is to explore changing attitudes towards old urban environments, represented in the comprehensive plans of Seoul, from the first 1966 plan through the most recent one of 2014. The results of analyzing all 6 Seoul urban comprehensive plans are as follows. The contents for considerations and actual planning actions for old urban environments were presented from the third comprehensive plan of 1990. The term ‘historical heritage’ was first applied in the urban park planning of the 1996 plan. In the 4th comprehensive plan of 1997, it began to regard historical landscapes as ‘precious heritages’ to make plans for using historical heritages in parts of landscape, education, and tourism. The scope of ‘historical heritage’ in the comprehensive plans has been expanded. This tendency continued to expand in the 5th plan of 2006, and again in the 6th plan of 2014. At the same time, in pursuing the identity of Seoul, ‘historical heritage’ in old urban environment came to be materialized further as planning objects. 이 연구의 목적은 역대 서울도시기본계획에서 오래된 도시 환경에 대한 인식과 그와 관련된 계획을 찾아내고 비교 분석하는 것이다. 현재까지 수립된 6개의 서울도시기본계획서의 내용을 모두 살펴본 결과 오래된 도시 환경에 대한 중요성 인식과 관련 계획은 세 번째 계획(1990)에서부터 등장하기 시작하였다. 도심공원계획 분야에서 ‘역사자산’이라는 용어를 최초로 사용하였다. 네 번째 계획(1997)에서부터는 역사경관을 ‘귀중한 자산’으로 여기기 시작했다. 또한 도시계획 중 경관, 교육, 관광 등의 분야에서 역사자원을 활용하고자 하였다. 즉 ‘역사자산’의 범위가 확대되었다. 다섯 번째 계획(2006)과 여섯 번째 계획(2014)에서도 이러한 경향이 계속 확대되어 나타났다. 동시에 서울의 역사문화유산과 역사자연유산을 활용, 전시함으로써 서울이라는 도시의 정체성을 정립하고자 하였다.

1960년대 이래 세종로와 태평로의 확폭과 도로변 건축물 처리 방식

기세황 대한건축학회 2023 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.39 No.8

The purpose of this study is to analyze how cultural property class buildings were treated among conflicting buildings along the road at thetime of widening work targeting the Sejong-ro and Taepyeong-ro sections. The currently conserved cadastral maps of each era, documentsrelated to road planning by the National Archives of Korea and the Seoul Metropolitan Archives, and articles and illustrations of variousnewspapers are subject to analysis. The widening of Sejong-ro and Taepyeong-ro began to be planned by national policy in the 1950s. Except for the west section of Sejong-ro in 1966, all of them were promoted by the Seoul Metropolitan Government and were carried outseveral times. The road widening lines at this time were planned geometrically straight. It was carried out by drawing a line on the map andcollectively handling the conflicting buildings around it. At this time, the Seoul Metropolitan Government had in mind the relocation ofarchitectural cultural properties and the entire or partial demolition of general buildings. In this process, the Monument for the 40thAnniversary of King Gojong's Enthronement was able to be conserved in its original location due to the Cultural Heritage Protection Act,and the Deoksugung Palace Wall and Daehanmun Gate had to be relocated. There was no way to protect buildings that were not culturalproperties at all, but in the case of the former Post Office building, if partial demolition did not occur due to the widening in the 1980s, itcan be expected that it would have been recognized as a registered cultural property today. 세종로와 태평로의 확폭은 1950년대에 국가적 차원에서 계획되기 시작했다. 1966년 세종로 서측 구간 이외에는 모두 서울시에서 추진하였으며 여러 차례에 걸쳐 이루어졌다. 이 때의 도로선은 직선이나 부채꼴 모양으로 기하학적으로 반듯하게 계획되었다. 지도 위에 선을 긋고 거기에 맞춰 주변의 저촉되는 건물들을 일괄적으로 처리하는 방식으로 진행되었다. 서울시는 이 때 저촉 건축물 처리 방식으로 건축문화재의 경우 이축을, 일반 건축물의 경우 전체 철거 또는 부분 철거를 염두에 두고 있었다. 이러한 과정 속에서 고종 어극 40년 칭경기념비는 문화재보호법 덕분에 그나마 원위치에 보존될 수 있었으며 덕수궁 담장과 대한문은 이축되어야 했다. 문화재가 아닌 건축물은 전혀 보호받을 길이 없었는데, 구 체신부의 경우 1980년대 확폭으로 인한 부분 철거가 일어나지 않았다면, 오늘날 등록 문화재로서 인정받았을 가능성도 예상해 볼 수 있다. 한편, 넓은 면적을 분석하다보니 ‘문화재급 건축물’만을 대상으로 했던 점, 이미 철거되어버린 옛 건축물들의 역사적 의미, 보존 가치 등은 신문기사나 기록에만 의존하여 판단할 수밖에 없었다는 점 등은 본 연구의 한계이다. 그러나 오늘날 국가상징도로이자 조선시대부터 관아가로서 주요 국가기관과 공공기관이 밀집해 있던 도로의 확폭 과정, 그리고 이 도로와 관련해 역사적 가치가 담긴 건축물들의 근현대기 변화 과정에 대해 전체적으로 조명, 요약하였다는 점에서 의미가 있다.

독립문의 이축 결정 과정을 통해 본 1970년대 도시개발 속 문화유산 보존 방식

기세황(Kee, Sehwang) 대한건축학회 2021 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.37 No.9

The purpose of this study is to examine the case of Independence Arch(Dongnimmun Gate) in order to understand the method of conserving architectural cultural properties in the urban development of Seoul in the 1970s. The Seoul Metropolitan Government, which insisted on relocating for urban development, and the Cultural Heritage Committee, which insisted on preserving the cultural properties in their original locations, conflicted. Among them, the public opinion of non-specialists(the media and citizens) played an important role in determining the relocation of Independence Arch. They basically gave priority to conservation rather than development, but it was found that they put more importance on the surrounding environment and visual elements rather than the conservation of cultural properties in their original locations.

1967년 구 조선호텔 철거 논의

기세황(Kee, Sehwang) 대한건축학회 2023 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.43 No.2

There are a variety of options for standards and methods for conserving architectural heritage, and one of them is selected and implemented. Different ones were chosen for each era and reflect the values of the time. This study is part of a study planned to infer the concept and values of authenticity in conserving architectural heritage in the 1960s. As a result of the analysis, three major issues were highlighted in the 1967 roundtable discussion surrounding the demolition of the former Chosun Hotel. First, when it came to the issue of whether the building in question was worth conserving, the opinion that it was not worth conserving prevailed, and second, there was a strong emphasis on the need for new hotel facilities. Third, the issue of eradicating the remnants of the Japanese colonial period was only slightly highlighted. The reason is believed to be because it was a Western-style architect and architecture rather than a Japanese one. These appear to be quite different from todays popular opinion. Therefore, I will examine in detail the diachronic flow of standards and methods of architectural heritage conservation in Korea and values regarding heritage by additionally examining similar cases and cases of development and conservation conflicts from the 1960s to today.

1960년대 덕수궁 담장과 대한문의 변경 계획에 따른 도시 유산 보존 논의

기세황(Kee, Sehwang),박소현(Park, So-Hyun) 대한건축학회 2019 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.35 No.10

The purpose of this study is to analyze the way historical heritage was dealt with during the massive urban development period of the 1960s through the case of Deoksugung Palace. The wall of Deoksugung Palace was rebuilt and relocated in 1961. Later, it was rebuilt and relocated again in 1968, and Daehanmun Gate was soon moved back too. I analyzed the opinions of the Seoul Metropolitan Government, the Cultural Heritage Committee, experts and citizens that occurred during this process and reached the following conclusion. First, in 1961, the existing stone walls of Deoksugung Palace were rebuilt rather than restored and conserved for the urbanscape at the time. Second, in the 1960s, the Cultural Heritage Committee focused on the conservation of the origin of Daehanmun Gate, while citizens valued the overall harmony and function of Deoksugung Palace. Third, unlike the 1970s project led by the president to renovate national security and national defense sites, there was a call from citizens to realize the preservation of Deoksugung Palace.

1908년 인정전 일곽의 개조와 그 의도

우동선,기세황 한국건축역사학회 2013 한국건축역사학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.춘계

1908년 창덕궁 인정전 일곽의 개조에 관한 연구

우동선,기세황,Woo, Don-Son,Kee, Sehwang 한국건축역사학회 2014 건축역사연구 Vol.23 No.2

During the Joseon Dynasty, Injeongjeon area at Changdeokgung Palace was a core space in which major state affairs took place. Since founded in 1405, the Injeongjeon area's spatial composition has been changed while it was repeatedly burned down and rebuilt several times. However, despite many studies and researches on the Chandeokgung Palace and the Injeongjeon area, the changes of the area in the 20th century have not been examined thoroughly. This study attempts to find out the procedure and purposes of the remodeling of the Injeongjeon area in 1908. It is possible to presume that the motif of this remodeling construction, worked out by the Residency-General, was to transform the area similar to Ekkensho or Audience Hall area at Meiji Palace regarding the following facts: only Japaneses' participation in the construction, renaming the area as Alhyunso (Ekkensho), and involvement of Ito Hirobumi. Comparing plans of the remodeled Injeongjeon area at the Chandeokgung Palace with the Ekkensho area at the Meiji Palace, we can confirm this presumption and suggest the possibility that the Residency-General wanted to reduce the majesty and power of the Joseon Dynasty's Palace by this remodeling.

1920년 창덕궁 내전 일곽의 재건에 관한 연구

우동선,기세황,Woo, Don-Son,Kee, Se-Hwang 한국건축역사학회 2014 건축역사연구 Vol.23 No.3

Naejeon area at Chandeokgung Palace means the areas of Huijeongdang and Daejojeon area. Huijeongdang or Hall of Brilliant Rule is made for the king, and Daejojeon or Hall of Great Creation is made for the queen. These areas were located nearly and repeatedly burned down and rebuilt several times together, but their forms were largely unchanged. However in 1920, they rebuilt in a very different way. The purpose of this study was to estimate construction plans, progress and completion of Naejeon area's rebuilding. They were reconstructed into eclectic structures as the exteriors were built using basic materials from Gyeongbokgung Palace. So they have traditional-looking appearances, but the interiors consisted of modern equipments and were built by applying foreign style construction techniques. The main floored room of Daejojeon and the area of Huijeongdang were built in standing style by installing radiators and French furnitures. Also, the porch, corridor, storage space and veranda were constructed under the influence of Japanese construction. After the reconstruction, there were changes in the usage of some spaces. Huijeongdang functioned only for Alhyeonso or audience chamber rather than Pyeonjeon or state hall. New organizations created by the Japanese such as Chansi or secretaries office and the Chief secretary's office were included in Naejeon area.