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김원,김신범,최인자,곽현석,Kim, Won,Kim, Shin-Bum,Choi, In-Ja,Kwag, Hyun-Seok 한국환경보건학회 2010 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.36 No.6
There are millions of deaths from cancer worldwide every year. Among them, 4~10% are considered to be attributable to occupational factors and 0.6 million workers die annually from work-related cancers. Occupational cancers are relatively preventable compared with the cancers associated with other factors. In the developed countries, especially in Europe, there have been hundreds of occupational cancers reported annually in the respective nation-states. However, there were only 35 cases reported in Korea in the 1990s which were accepted as being work-related cancers. This difference might be related to a low level of recognition, detection, and acceptance of occupational cancer and carcinogens in Korea. To prevent the risk of exposure to carcinogens a comprehensive list of carcinogens must be prepared. This should be followed by timely dissemination of information which will enable fundamental controls to be implemented, such as the imposition of ban, substitution, and engineering controls. This will require setting up procedures to record the past use and exposure data and carrying out robust statistical analyses of that data on occupational cancers and carcinogens.
자동차 조립라인에서의 인간공학적 위험요인 평가에 관한 연구
郭賢錫,白南園 서울大學校保健大學院 1998 國民保健硏究所硏究論叢 Vol.8 No.2
There are many ergonomic risk factors such as awkward postures, forceful exertions, repetition, vibration and cold temperature in automobile assembly lines. This survey was conducted in automobile assembly lines that produce 4-wheel vehicles and vans. ANSIZ-365 Quick Check and modified NIOSH questionnaire are used for evaluation of ergonomic risk factors and self-reported symptoms of workers. Direct observation of awkward postures, repetition, manual lifting, the use of power tools, contact stress, static posture and working environment was performed by two raters. Agreement of two raters is evaluated with Cohen's K(kappa). The validity of ANSI Z-365 is evaluated as Pearson's coefficient of correlation with symptoms. 92 sites was observed, and 517 questionnaires were obtained for analysis. The results are as follows: 1. Inter-rater variability was evaluated with Cohen's K9kappa) and percentage. The range of risk factor's K and percentage were 0.28-0.72, 64.0-89.8%, respectively. 2. The number of sites which risk factors exceed the lower risk threshold is 66(76.75), and 20 sites(23.3%) were in the lower risk category. Frame and Trim line are higher risk group than any others, and the risk of PBS line is low. 3. The range of positive percentage is 57.1%(Chassis)-80.4%(Trim). 4. The correlation range between postural scores and body-part's scores was 0.26-0.63, but there were no statistical significances(p>0.05). 5. It may happen the problem that ergonomic risk is underestimated if ANSI Z-365 is used only tool for evaluation. Therefore simultaneously, biomechanic evaluation and physical load measurement must be considered and applicated.