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배경지역 대기경계층 미세먼지의 화학조성 특성: 2012년 가을 측정
고희정,이윤상,김원형,송정민,강창희,Ko, Hee-Jung,Lee, Yoon-Sang,Kim, Won-Hyung,Song, Jung-Min,Kang, Chang-Hee 대한화학회 2014 대한화학회지 Vol.58 No.3
국내 배경지역인 제주도 한라산 1100 고지에서 2012년 가을철에 $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$ 미세먼지를 채취하여 이온 및 원소 성분을 분석한 결과로부터 대기경계층(ABL) 미세먼지의 화학조성과 입자크기별 분포 특성을 조사하였다. $PM_{2.5}$ 미세입자($d_p$ < $2.5{\mu}m$)에서는 2차 오염물질인 nss-$SO{_4}^{2-}$, $NH_4{^+}$, $NO_3{^-}$ 농도가 각각 4.84, 1.98, $1.27{\mu}g/m^3$로 상대적으로 높고, 전체 질량의 58.2%를 차지하였다. 반면에 $PM_{10-2.5}$ 조대입자($2.5{\mu}m$ < $d_p$ < $10{\mu}m$)에서는 이들 세 성분의 농도가 각각 0.63, 0.21, $1.10{\mu}g/m^3$로 전체 질량의 22.8%를 차지하였다. 또 수용성 이온성분들 중 $NH_4{^+}$, nss-$SO{_4}^{2-}$, $K^+$, $CH_3COO^-$은 주로 미세입자에 분포하고, $NO_3{^-}$은 미세입자와 조대입자에 고르게 분포하나, $Na^+$, $Cl^-$, $Mg^{2+}$, nss-$Ca^{2+}$은 조대입자에 더 많이 분포하는 특징을 나타내었다. The collection of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ fine particulate matter samples was made at the 1100 m site of Mt. Halla of Jeju Island, located at the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) of background area, during the fall of 2012. Their ionic and elemental species were analyzed, in order to investigate the chemical compositions and size distribution characteristics. In $PM_{2.5}$ fine particles ($d_p$ < $2.5{\mu}m$), the concentrations of the secondary formed nss-$SO{_4}^{2-}$, $NH_4{^+}$ and $NO_3{^-}$ species were 4.84, 1.98, and $1.27{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively, showing 58.2% of the total $PM_{2.5}$ mass. On the other hand, their concentrations in $PM_{10-2.5}$ coarse particles (2.5 < $d_p$ < $10{\mu}m$) were 0.63, 0.21 and $1.10{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively, occupying 22.8% of the total $PM_{10-2.5}$ mass. The comparative study of size distribution has resulted that $NH_4{^+}$, nss-$SO{_4}^{2-}$, $K^+$ and $CH_3COO^-$ are mostly existed in fine particles, and $NO_3{^-}$ is distributed in both fine and coarse particles, but $Na^+$, $Cl^-$, $Mg^{2+}$ and nss-$Ca^{2+}$ are rich in coarse particle mode.
안면도와 고산 기후변화감시소에서 채취한 강수 성분의 조성 및 중화 특성(2008~2017년)
고희정(Hee-Jung Ko),정지영(Jiyoung Jeong),김은실(Eun-Sil Kim),이상삼(Sang-Sam Lee),류상범(Sang-Boom Ryoo) 한국기상학회 2019 대기 Vol.29 No.4
Precipitation samples were collected at the GAW Stations in Anmyeon-do and Gosan for 10 years (2008-2017) to analyze pH, electrical conductivity and NH₄<SUP>+</SUP>, Na<SUP>+</SUP>, K<SUP>+</SUP>, Mg<SUP>2+</SUP>, Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>, SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP>, NO₃<SUP>-</SUP>, Cl<SUP>-</SUP>, and F<SUP>-</SUP> ions. From the analysis, the correlation between pH and rainfall, the composition of precipitation and comparison with other regions, and the results of neutralization characteristics by seasonal and pH were determined. In the comparison of ion balance and conductivity for the validation of analytical data, the correlation coefficients were within the range of 0.996~0.999, implying good linear relationship. The volume-weighted pH of the Anmyeon-do and Gosan areas were 4.7 and 4.9, respectively. The pH of the rainfall was affected by washout and rainout in both areas. The ionic strength of precipitation at Anmyeondo and Gosan were 0.42 ± 0.63 mM and 0.37 ± 0.75 mM, indicating about 27.6% and 35.3% of the total precipitation as per a pure precipitation criterion (104 M), respectively. The composition ratio of ionic species were 44.7% and 57.5% for marine sources (Na+, Mg<SUP>2+</SUP>, Cl<SUP>-</SUP>), 40.6% and 22.2% for the secondary inorganic components (NH₄<SUP>+</SUP>, nss-SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP>, NO₃<SUP>-</SUP>), and 5.6% and 4.0% for the soil source (nss-Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>), respectively. The neutralization factor of Anmyeon-do and Gosan were 0.43~0.65 and 0.34~0.48, and the neutralization factors of calcium carbonate were 0.15~0.34 and 0.25~0.30, respectively. Thus, both regions have the highest rate of neutralization caused by ammonia. As pH increased in Anmyeon-do and Gosan, change in calcium carbonate became greater than that in ammonia.
2015년 봄철에 선박으로 관측한 서해상 이차에어로졸 성분의 농도 및 오염 특성
고희정(Hee-Jung Ko),강창희(Chang-Hee Kang),차주완(Joo Wan Cha),류상범(Sang-Boom Ryoo) 한국기상학회 2017 대기 Vol.27 No.1
The PM<SUB>10</SUB> and PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> particles over the Yellow Sea of Korea were collected by shipborne observation during two cruises in spring, 2015. Their water-soluble ionic components such as NH<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>+</SUP>, Na<SUP>+</SUP>, K<SUP>+</SUP>, Mg<SUP>2+</SUP>, Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>, SO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>2−</SUP>, NO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>−</SUP>, Cl<SUP>−</SUP>, F<SUP>−</SUP>, CH<SUB>3</SUB>COO<SUP>−</SUP>, HCOO<SUP>−</SUP>, and CH<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> were analyzed, in order to examine the pollution characteristics of the secondary aerosol components. The comparative study of particle size distribution has resulted that NH<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>+</SUP>, nss-SO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>2−</SUP>, nss-Mg<SUP>2+</SUP>, nss-K<SUP>+</SUP>, HCOO<SUP>−</SUP>, and CH<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> species mostly existed in fine particle mode. Meanwhile, nss-F-and sea-salt species were distributed in both fine and coarse particle mode, NO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>−</SUP>, nss-Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>, CH<SUB>3</SUB>COO<SUP>-</SUP> species were rich in coarse particle mode. The concentrations of secondary pollutants (nss-SO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>2−</SUP>, NO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>−</SUP>, NH<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>+</SUP>) increased in fine particles, and those of natural components (nss-Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>, Sea-salt) increased in coarse particles. NH<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>+</SUP> exists as the form of (NH<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> and NH<SUB>4</SUB>NO<SUB>3</SUB>, and mostly as (NH<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> in fine particles. NH<SUB>4</SUB>NO<SUB>3</SUB> has lower content compared to (NH<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB>, and it mostly existed in fine particles at Yellow Sea I and in coarse particles at Yellow Sea Ⅱ. The concentration ratios of NO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>−</SUP>/nss-SO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>2−</SUP> for Yellow Sea I and Yellow Sea Ⅱ were 0.52 and 0.16 in coarse particles, and they were 0.64 and 0.38 in fine particles, respectively, showing that the stationary source emissions were more important than mobile source emissions in Yellow Sea II (except Passage II-4).