한국사회 공영방송의 존립 의의와 과제

강형철(Hyung Cheol Kang) 서울대학교 언론정보연구소 2018 언론정보연구 Vol.55 No.1

이 논문은 한국사회에서 강조해야 할 공영방송의 사회적 가치와 그것을 실현하기 위해 필요한 방송사 내외부의 필요조건에 대해 논의하였다. 2017년 정권교체에 이어 독립성을 훼손한 공영방송 경영진 퇴진을 요구한 파업 이후, 즉 이른바 ‘공영방송 정상화’ 과정 이후 한국 공영방송이 제시해야 할 존립 정당성에 대한 설명을 시도해보고자 한 것이다. 저자는 한국 사회에서 중요한 공영방송의 가치가 ‘구별성’(distinctiveness)와 ‘신뢰성’(trustworthiness)이라고 주장한다. 이 주요 가치들이 현장에서 어떻게 인식되고 있으며, 이것에 대한 실천 과제는 무엇인지 알아보기 위해 공영방송 제작종사자, 언론관련 시민단체 활동가, 규제기관 공무원 등을 심층인터뷰 하였다. 그 결과, 저자는 ‘공영방송 정상화’ 이후 한국 공영방송은 독립과 자유를 위한 내외부적 제도적 장치를 마련함과 동시에 시민적 가치를 담아내는 조직문화를 발전시키는 본질적인 ‘정상화’의 과제가 중요하다고 주장한다. This essay discusses the values of public service broadcasting (PSB), which should be emphasized in Korean society, and the internal and external requirements for these values. It is important for the public broadcasters in Korea to prove their legitimacy, especially after the end of their employees’ strike in 2017-2018 calling for resign of executives who were responsible for political interference in their content. The author argues that `distinctiveness` and `trustworthiness’ become the crucial values of PSB in Korea at this stage. In-depth interviews with producers and journalists were conducted to see how these key values were perceived in the field. As a result, the author concludes that a difficult task of developing professional culture, as well as implementing institutional measures for internal and external freedom of broadcast speech, is left for the two public broadcasters after the leadership change.

탐사보도 프로그램의 내용 다양성에 관한 연구

강형철(Hyung-Cheol Kang) 한국방송학회 2007 한국방송학보 Vol.21 No.1

공영방송의 새로운 정체성

강형철(Kang Hyung Cheol) 한국방송학회 2007 방송통신연구 Vol.- No.64

공영방송의 공적가치와 수행평가

강형철(Hyung Cheol Kang),심미선(Mi Seon Shim),오하영(Ha young Oh) 한국방송학회 2011 한국방송학보 Vol.25 No.1

한국 방송정책의 결정과정과 특징

강형철(Hyung-Cheol Kang) 한국방송학회 2011 방송통신연구 Vol.- No.75

한국의 기업집단에 있어서 피라미드 내계열사 위치의 결정요인

강형철 ( Hyung Cheol Kang ),박경서 ( Kyung Suh Park ),장하성 ( Ha Sung Jang ) 한국금융연구원 2008 한국경제의 분석 Vol.14 No.3

This paper analyzes the pyramidal positions of member firms in Korean business groups. We investigate the factors that affect a controlling shareholder`s decision regarding the location of its member firms, using financial and ownership data on conglomerate business groups in Korea. Unlike existing studies, we directly measure the location of a member firm in a business group using stock investment relationships among its member firms as well as a controlling shareholder`s ownership, and identify the factors that affect it. An analysis on the location of a member firm in a group will shed more light on the driving force behind the decision on group structure, and allow us to better understand the incentives of controlling shareholders. The empirical analyses show that member firms with higher family ownership, larger asset size and longer business history tend to be located at higher levels of a group pyramid, while riskier and younger member firms are located at lower levels of a group pyramid. The empirical results suggest that controlling shareholders strategically choose the location and the circuitous ownership of member firms to secure control over the groups, while the risk diversification incentive of controlling shareholders is also found to affect the decisions.

공영방송의 위기

강형철(Hyung Cheol Kang),양승찬(Seungchan Yang) 한국언론정보학회 2003 한국언론정보학보 Vol.22 No.-

이 연구는 변화하는 미디어 환경 속에서 한국 공영방송의 자리 찾기에 대한 논의의 단초를 제시하기 위해 진행되었다. 이를 위해 이 연구는 현상 분석을 통해, 현대 사회에서 공영방송이 지니는 위기의 본질과 위기에 대한 각국의 대응 방식을 유형화하고 그에 비추어 한국 공영방송의 대응방식을 진단해보았다. 한국의 주류 공영빙송은 비차별적인 편성으로 시청 점유율을 높이려고 하고 있으 며, 그 재원으로 광고 비중을 현상태로 유지 또는 확대하는 기조다. 또한 다소 독특한 형태의 전략으로서 실제 방송 내용을 이용해 사회 내 영향력을 확대하려는 움직임을 보이고 있다. 마지막으로, 한국의 공영방송은 국가, 자본, 시민 사회 모두에서 독립된 방송인들이 자율적으로 운영하는 방송의 형태를 지향하고 있다. 이상의 네가지 전략(또는 지향성)은 단기적으로는 기존의 공영방송이 가지고 있는 특혜를 유지하는 데는 효율적일 수 있으나, 장기적인 면에서는 공영빙송의 전통적 개념에서 너무 멀리 유리되어 나가는 것이기 때문에 사회 내 위상을 불안정한 상태로 만될 것이다. 한국의 공영방송은 스스로의 생존을 위해서, 또한 절박한 사회적 기능의 수행을 위해서 비차별화로 단기적 생존을 보존하기보다는 보다 현실적인 장기적 선택지를 찾아가야 할 것이다. This study is primarily concerned with the discussion about the crisis of Korean Public Service Broadcasting within the context of changing media environment. The study firstly attempts to explain the causes of current problems of Public Service Broadcasting in general, and categorizes the patterns of Western countries' reactions to cope with the problems. Secondly, the present study deals with the case of Korean Public Service Broadcasting. This paper argues that Korean Public Service Broadcasters have adopted four salient strategies: 1) They have tried to achieve high program ratings based on non-distinctive programming; 2) They have preferred the commercial advertising revenues as the primary financial resource; 3) They have attempted to expand their social power while exploiting their program contents; 4) Finally, they have tried to be a sole player in the decision making process, independent from all the other social forces such as the state, capital, and the civil organizations. This study suggests that four strategies should be reconsidered because those are far from the original ideas of Public Service Broadcasting.

국제무역협상과 방송의 공적가치: 한미 FTA 협상을 중심으로

강형철 ( Hyung Cheol Kang ) 한국지역언론학회 2006 언론과학연구 Vol.6 No.3

This article proposes a new paradigm for media policy in South Korea before its wider opening of the audi-visual sector through international trade agreements such as the FTA with the USA. Especially, the author discusses policy alternatives in order to protect the public value of broadcasting when the U. S. strategies in trade negotiations are changing, from focusing on traditional media to demanding market opening of digital media. For this purpose, this article after reviewing literature of media globalization analyzes several recent U. S. FTAs which presumably reveal the trade strategies of the America. Finally, based on this analysis, policy implications of the prior FTAs are drawn, which would help South Korea protecting the public value of broadcasting in advance of its market opening.

방송환경 변화 아래 공익에 대한 도전과 개념변화: 한국 방송학 논문 메타 분석

강형철 ( Hyung Cheol Kang ) 정보통신정책학회 2013 정보통신정책연구 Vol.20 No.4

In situations where the convergence of broadcasting and telecommunications is accelerating, this essay takes a look at changes in the concept of the public interest defined by broadcasting researchers in Korea. Results of a meta-analysis of academic papers indicates that the traditional views of the public interest that give an emphasis to the influence of broadcasting accounts for a large proportion in broadcasting studies. However, over time, the market principle views that emphasize the social welfare through competition and viewers sovereignty are showing a tendency to replace the older ones. The number of academic papers on the public interest concept which once culminated up to the launch of the Korea Communication Commission, a convergent regulatory body as well as the introduction of IPTV, a convergent medium, tends to decrease thereafter. This fact shows that the public interest has been utilized in the course of rhetoric battles for the convergence phenomenon. As new subconcepts such as media welfare have appeared one after the other, the concept of public interest is to expand its horizon continuously. It is expected that the public interest continue to persist through continuous self-transformation as it did in the past.

통신 공익 개념의 출발과 제도화: 영,미 사례 분석

강형철 ( Hyung Cheol Kang ) 정보통신정책학회 2016 정보통신정책연구 Vol.23 No.2

This essay examines the development of the public interest concept in telecommunication sectors with a perspective of historical institutionalism. In this paradigm, the public interest concept is understood as a social construct that emerged and developed through rational or irrational interest-maximization efforts by the many stakeholders of communication technology. The development of telecommunications in different regions such as Great Britain and the United States showed that for every newly invented communication medium the concept of public interest was affected by the existing cognition and regulation of prior media in the respective society.