시간의 신비주의적 이미지

황소부 부산대학교 인문대학 영어영문학과 1984 영어영문학연구 Vol.4 No.-

Shakespeare와 Sonnet

황소부 진주산업대학교 1970 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

In this thesis I intend to study William Shakespeare, as a sonneteer, and his own hundred and fifty four sonnets, an extraordinary series of poems. I think Shakespeares sonnets are so perfect or so powerful in form and subject that they are among the best poems in English Language. The sonnet form, imported from Italyand France, because increasingly popular in sixteenth-century England, and sonnetsequences flourished in the 1950's. The sonnet is one of the most difficult of popular lyric forms to handle successfully. This is particularly true of Italian and Spencerian forms of the sonnet, which use only five rhymes,in an arrangement that lends itself most readily to a four-part structure rhiming abad cbcd efef gg, where each letter stands for a different rhyme at the end of each of the fourteen syllable lines. One of these chief difficulties of the poem, and one which Shakespeare only rarely urmounts, is to keep tone, pace, and intensity of the final couplet consistent with the rest of the sonnet. We can easily see that the sonnets are immense in scope, ranging in attitude from the romantic to the most realistic can dealing with a variety of such topics as most nearly concern all human beings. In the subject-matter the sonnets express a wide variety of human interests, friend and love and yet return again and again to a central dominating theme the destructive power of time.

Four Quartets와 T.S. Eliot의 철학적 확신

황소부 慶尙大學校 1975 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

The following research shows the results of the writer's study of Four Quartets and T. S. Eliot' S philosophical certitude as shown in the title. Each of the Four Quartets, composed of the separate poems, 'Burnt Norton', 'East Cocker', 'The Dry Salvages', and 'Little Gidding', is the major work in nondramatic poetry of T. S. Eliot' S maturity. The two fragments from Heraciitus(given in Greekat the beginning) say, in effect, that truth is one, though many live as if each had his own truth, and that the way up and down are one and the same-in other words, that beneath apparent diversity and contradiction there is unity. Tn line with this paragraph, the theme of 'Burnt Norton' is stated at the beginning; that all times are irrelated and simultaneous. 'East Cocker' has as the theme that the end and the beginning are one. 'The Dry Salvages' has a remarkable movement as its center, in which Krishna urges Arjuna to "fare forwad". 'Little gidding' is remarkable because of a Dantesque conversation between the poet and a restless spirit, with whom he had early been associated in trying to purify the dialect of the tribe. It is also famous for its climax, which draws up the late medieval English mystics and upon Dante in his vision of the heavenly rose. The last movement begins with a passage in which the poet explicitly states his poetical ideals and ends The poetic movement in this poem spreads backward and forward across the two interesting planes of experience, slowly identifying the personal with the universal and change with peace. But, each of the poems suggested by its title that its theme is located in time and place, and that its main theme is time and eternity, though a meditation on a philosophical problem. These titles of the poems make the circle of Eliot's beginning and end, from the point of family origin in England to America and return. On the personal side, Four Quartets might be regarded as a series of images of migration, which explore "time present and time past", only to reveal their unity; more generally, as a series of images of history by which time is explored until it reveals the circular existence of man. The ultimate discovery is that if man enters the garden of the past and follows history, Eliot says that he arrives at the garden from which he set out. Moments of time must ho in places. In the poem, of course, time is the realm of change: the Logos belong to the timeless; but, must in time and is perceived as form. This form takes the shape of change. Appearance and reality provided other terms for describing the two. In conclusion, the writer finds that Four Quarttets is T. S. Eliot's most philosophical poem or sequence. Also, time and place becomes one of the major objects of his philosophical reflections through the whole poem.

John Ashbery의 시와 Postmodernism

황소부 영미어문학회 1995 영미어문학연구 Vol.11 No.-

Four Quartets와 時間問題

黃昭夫 진주산업대학교 1968 論文集 Vol.1 No.-

The research forms the results that the writer has made a study of Four Quartets and Time problem as shown in the title. Four Quartets, conspiring the separate poems, “Burnt Norton”, “East Cocker”, “The Dry Salvages”, and “Little Gidding”, is the major work in nondramatic poetry of T.S. Eliot's maturity. It makes a great lyric of history, personal but representative, exhausting the moment and meaning of time. The poetic mvoement in this poem spreads backward and forward across the two intersecting planes of experience, slowly identifying the personal with the universal, change with eternity, multiplicity with unity, dismay with peace, but each of the poems suggests by its title that its theme is located in time and place and that its main theme is time and eternity. These titles of the poems make the circle of Eliot's beginning and end, from the point of family origin in England to America and return. On the personal side, Four Quartets might be regarded as a series of images of migration which explore “timepresent and time past”only to collapse their meaning; or more generally, as a series of images of histor by which time is explored until it reveals the circular of man. The ultimate discovery is that if man enters the garden of the past and follows his history, Eliot arrives at the garedn from which he set out. Moments of time must be in places. In the poem, of course, time is the realm of change; the Logos belong to the timeless, but must be known in time, and is perceived as form, or the contraries of change, appearance and reality provide other terms for describing the two. Moreover each poem of Four Quartets creates one of four different ways of looking at time; time as memory; time as cyclical pattern; time as flux; time as the revelation of the meaning of history. In consequence, the writer finds that Four Quartets is Eliot's most philosophical poem or sequence and also time becomes one of the object's philosophical reflections through the whole poem.

T.S.ELIOT의 時와 東洋思想

황소부 慶尙大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.21 No.2

T.S. Eliot studied his undergraduate courses in Greek literature, the history of ancient art, philosophy, Latin poetry and the Roman novel and took as a graduate course, Charles Lanman's course in Indic Philosophy, a course which led him both to a lifelong interest in Vedic and Buddhist religion. Just as Eliot's interest in Western philosophy can still be clearly traced in his poetry, so his study of Oriental philosophies and religions show at least that he has ofter had the Oriental mystics in mind; and occasionally he introduces the peculiarities of Oriental thought into his poetry. The references to Oriental religions and philosophy were found in Eliot's early poems, the Waste Land and Four Quartets. Eliot's concept of modern life as suffering founds its most consistent philosophical support in Oriental mysticism. There are some allusions to Eastern religion and philosophy like Hinduism and Buddhism. Through these Eliot present a view of life related to Buddha as Eastern asceticism, ethical and mystic teaching of Upanishads and practice of Yoga. Eliot has undertaken the task of providing vivid portrayal of the modern world and his poems reveal the crosscurrents which characterized our complex civilization.

Study on MARK TWAIN and His Humor

黃昭夫 진주산업대학교 1970 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

Mark Twain was famous for western humorist. frontier writer, picaresque writer, and the inventor of peculiar style of expressions in the literature of America. As the title shows, the writer studied on Mark Twain and his humor in this thesis especially. Firstly the writer treated Mark Twain's literary background as well as his career autobiographically and surveyed the rise of Western literature and American humor. It is true that Mark Twain's frontier mind and western humor was grown by his life on Mississippi and western part of U.S.A as journalist and so forth and next the writer analyzed the characteristics of Mark Twain's humor and its contribution to American prose-style in the third and fourth article. Humor was Mark Twain's most distinguished trait. The root's of his humor were nourished by the rich flow of Southeast and Western humor but his humor was not necessarily confined to the West. Some of its Characteristics are the habit of hyperbole, satire, jokes, elements of fraud, which are guite different from those of England and French writers, even his contemporaries. Those elements of Mark Twain's humor permeated in American life are comspicuous elements in American humor. There were not a few criticisms about Mark Twain owing to his vulgarity and having not traditional school of fiction. As mentioned above Mark Twain was too explosive, original and too impatient of restraint to submit to any rules of writing. He used the colloquial idiom and colloquial syntax, however his syntax was more nearly colloquial that of most writers of his time. Only through humor could Americans convey the easy and informality of their national idiom, and avoid the heavy classicism in which it was usuaiiy expressed. In Mark Twain's hands, comic jargon and dialect became a finished literary weapon. Such a now technigue and original narrative style of expression, of course, contributed to the American prose-style.

Theodore Dreiser와 미국의 자연주의

황소부 慶尙大學校 1977 論文集 Vol.16 No.2

This research attempted to fulfill the promise of its title. Theodore Dreiser and American Naturalism. Dreiser was perhaps recognized as the first important American voice of the 20the century. He was an author that came from the lower levels of society, rather than from middle-class. In this he was theprecurser of much that is good in contemporary American Writing. In his novel, Sister Carrie and An American Tragedy Dreiser tried to treat human being s sscientifically, rather than intuitively with thepoetic insight that influenced writersof the 20th century. He saw that life was hard and basic(found), in the theory of Zola, and other naturalists. The explanation that man is the product of social processes and forces and of an inevitable kind of social evolution can be seen. American naturalism arose out of social and economic problems but it represented a defferent aspect compared with the European naturalist movement. However inadaquate such an answer to life may be, his jovels struck a chord of response in many who recongnized that a gulf existed between the dream that America promised on the one hand, and the reality of graft, hypocrisy and callousness that was apparent, on the other. Defining his novels in terms of culture and character I attempted to study American naturalism vs. the European naturalist movement and Dreiser's practice of naturalism and influence in American fiction. In this study, therefore I attempted to study the following : 1. The making of American naturalism 2. Dreiser's presentation of American life 3. Dreiser and his Americanism 4. Dreiser's naturalistic concepts

英文學上으로 본 英國 近代化期의 時代 精神

文武淵,黃昭夫 慶尙大學校 1972 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

The Industrial Revolution in England from the first half of the 18 th century to the rear half of the 19th century had developed rapidly and especially in industry it took the most brilliant aspect, including a great change in social and political conditions. Why the Industrial Revolution began in Britain? The main causes were as follows:(1) the accumulation of commercial capital; (2) the invention of machines; (3) the acquisition of oversea colonies where they could sell their products to;(4) the spirit of rationalism pervaded in this age. The rationalism that everything in this world should be in concordance with reason and nature, had great importance in the rationalization of industry and agriculture. This revolution was tlie most great one that had given the decisive influences to all the social conditions in England. Conspicuous changes were brought about in the distribution of wealth and social status among middle classes, and between middle class and working class. The middle class, acquired the wealth and power, called for the right of political voice, and on the other hand, the working class agitated the public, claiming their own rights. Chartism movement had continued for ten years from 1836, and by the year 1884 all the lower class acquired the right of voting. Though this age was a wonderful one in those developments, the progress of science and industry destroyed the old tradition and faith, so that most of people became lower in their ideal, mercenary, rapacious, and vulgarized. Moreover the multitudes were poor and miserable. The literatures of Victorian era not only reflect the aspect of the age but also give warn to the people on the dark phenomena of the society. The passionate poem, 'Cry of children' by Mrs. Browning, protested against the employing children to the coal mines and factories. Dickens, the representative of humanism in the age, always took sides with the weak, and described those who were poor, oppressed, and optimistic with all the misfortunes. Through 'Alton Locke' exhibiting the dismal slum of London where the labourers lived, Charles Kingsly provoked the attention of the society. Carlyle attacked fiercely the social evils, such as falsehood, idle ease, materialism, utilitarianism, and mammonism. Mathew Arnold pointed out the fact that 'idea', 'light', and 'culture' were lacking in British society, and emphasized that they should regain the lost soul, seeking for the refined culture and the radiant light of intellect. All these men of letters, I think, contributed greatly to the welfare of English people of the past and present. In my succeeding essay, I will compare the spirit of Victorian era with that of the industrialization proceeding in our country, and obtain the conclusion.

A Study on Teaching Method of English and Oral Approach

黃昭夫 진주산업대학교 1969 論文集 Vol.3 No.-

I intended to study teaching method of English as a foreign language and "Oral Approach" which is quite different from the old-fashioned teaching method. My opinion in this study was that newly development teaching method "Oral Approach" method based upon the structural linguistics is one of the most effective teaching method of English to achieve real mastery of a foreigh language. I introduced three unique techniques such as (1) comparison (2) contrast (3) oral-aural drill in order that we may teach English by using "Oral Approach" method. There are some arguments for and against the good results of "Oral Approach" method. But I insist that the basic aim of the use of "Oral Approach" method is to give students the oral drill and significant patterns of sound and structure effectively. We are needed to recognize that language is a skill or a set of habits acquired by speaking, by constant practice, and by memorizing various basic forms.