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선병환,박경수,나백주,박요섭,남해성,신준호,손석준,이정애,Sun, Byeong-Hwan,Park, Kyeong-Soo,Na, Baeg-Ju,Park, Yo-Seop,Nam, Hae-Sung,Shin, Jun-Ho,Sohn, Seok-Joon,Rhee, Jung-Ae 대한예방의학회 1997 예방의학회지 Vol.30 No.3
60세이상 노인인구를 대상으로 '농촌지역 노인들의 우울 및 인지기능 장애에 관한 연구'를 한 이정애와 정향균의 연구대상 558명에 대해 농촌지역 노인들의 인지기능 장애와 사망과의 관련성을 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 3년동안 동안 전체 대상자의 사망률은 558명중 57명인 10.2%이었으며 353명의 정상 인지기능군 중 사망자는 30명으로 사망률 8.5%, 126명 의 경도 인지장애군중 사망자는 14명으로 사망률 11.1%, 79명의 중증 인지장애군중 사망자는 13명으로 사망률 16.5% 이었다(표 3). 2) 3년동안 전체 연구 대상자의 생존율은 0.91이었으며 정상, 경도, 중증 인지기능 장애군의 3년 생존율은 각각 0.92, 0.90, 0.86이었다. 로그 순위 검정법으로 인지기능 정상군과 경도 및 중증의 각 인지기능 장애군의 생존곡선을 비교한 결과 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 또한 인지기능 정상군과 경도 이상의 인지기능 장애군간 생존곡선을 비교한 결과도 유의한 차이는 없었다. 3) 혼란변인을 보정하지 않는 Cox의 비례위험 회귀 모형의 단변량분석의 결과 95% 신뢰구간(C.I. : Confidence Interval)에서 사망위험도가 유의한 변인은 연령, 월수입, 흡연습관, 신체장애 등이었으며, 인지기능 장애정도를 정상 그리고 경도 및 중증으로 분류한 분석에서는 정상군에 비해 경도 및 중증의 사망위험도가 유의하게 높지 않았으나, 인지기능 점수(MMSEK score)의 증가에 따른 분석 결과 사망위험도가 0.94로 유의하게 낮게 나타났다(표 4). 4) 잠재적 혼란변인들의 영향을 보정한 Cox의 비례위험 회귀모형의 다변량 분석의 결과 인지기능 장애정도 및 MMSEK 점수증가에 따른 사망위험도는 어느 모형에서도 인지기능 장애정도가 사망에 미치는 위험도는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(표 5). 5) 남녀별로 각각 인지기능 장애와 사망위험도와의 관계를 알아보기 위해 다변량 분석을 시행한 결과 인지기능 장애정도 및 MMSEK 점수 증가에 따른 사망위험도는 어느 모형에서도 인지기능 장애정도가 사망에 미치는 위험도는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(표 6, 표 7). 이상 본 연구는 농촌지역 노인들에서 인지기능 장애정도가 사망에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였지만, 인지기능 장애정도가 사망에 미치는 영향을 통계적으로 유의하게 고찰하지 못하였다. The purpose of this study was to examine the mortality risk associated with cognitive impairment among the rural elderly. The subjective of study was 558 of 'A Study on the Depression and Cognitive Impairment in the Rural Elderly' of Jung Ae Rhee and Hyang Gyun Jung's study(1993). Cognitive impairment and other social and health factors were assessed in 558 elderly rural community residents. For this study, a Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSEK) was used as a global indicator of cognitive functioning. And mortality risk factors for each cognitive impairment subgroup were identified by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. At baseline 22.6% of the sample were mildly impaired and 14.2% were severely impaired. As the age increased, the cognitive function was more impaired. Sexual difference was existed in the cognitive function level. Also the variables such as smoking habits, physical disorders had the significant relationship with cognitive function impairment. Across a 3-year observation period the mortality rate was 8.5% for the cognitively unimpaired, 11.1% for the mildly impaired, and 16.5% for the severly impaired respendents. And the survival probability was .92 for the cognitively unimpaired, .90 for the mildly impaired, and .86 for the severly impaired respondents. Compared to survival curve for the cognitively unimpaired group, each survival curve for the mildly and the severely impaired group was not significantly different. When adjustments models were not made for the effects of other health and social covariates, each hazard ratio of death of mildly and severely impaired persons was not significantly different as compared with the cognitively unimpaired. But, as MMSEK score increased, significantly hazard ratio of death decreased. Employing Cox univariate proportional hazards model, statistically other significant variables were age, monthly income, smoking habits, physical disorders. Also when adjustments were made for the effects of other health and social covariates, there was no difference in hazard ratio of death between those with severe or mild impairment and unimpaired persons. And as MMSEK score increased, significantly hazard ratio of death did not decrease. Employing Cox multivariate proportional hazards model, statistically other significant variables were age, monthly income, physical disorders. Employing Cox multivariate proportional hazards model by sex, at men and women statistically significant variable was only age. For both men and women, also cognitive impairment was not a significant risk factor. Other investigators have found that cognitive impairment is a significant predictor of mortality. But we didn't find that it is a significant predictor of mortality. Even though the conclusions of our study were not related to cognitive impairment and mortality, early detection of impaired cognition and attention to associated health problems could improve the quality of life of these older adults and perhaps extend their survival.
Seasonal(The wet season) Detection of Disease from Apis cerana in Jeon-man province
Jung Eun Kim,Seon Gon Kim,Hyang Choul Choi,Sung Ju Kang,Kyeong Yong Lee,In Gyun Park,Mi Ae Kim,Yun Mi Kim,Yong Soo Choi 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
Jeon-Nam province has the largest number of managed honey bee(Apis cerana) colonies before 2009 years ago, which produce the highest quantity of honey in the Korea; however, almost colony were collapsed by Sacbrood Virus(SBV) in jeon-nam apiaries. We thus conducted a molecular survey of honey bee RNA viruses, Nosema microsporidia, Foul broods and fungal disease(Chalk brood and Stone brood) associated with environmental conditions in apiaries and differential A. cerana hives in Joun-nam province. We found the presence of black queen cell virus (BQCV), Israel Acute Paralysis Virus and Nosema apis. Sacbrood virus(SBV) was detected in the tested samples. Our results demonstrate that honey bee RNA viruses and N. apis are present in joen-nam province apiaries, and some might be related environment conditions(temperature and moisture).
Jung Hyuk,Kim Sang-Gi,Shin Dong-Chul,Choi Gui-Hyang,Kim Bo-Ae,Kim Sang-Kook,Kim You-Young The Korean Society for Biomedical Laboratory Scien 2005 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.11 No.3
Formaldehyde (FA) is an important industrial chemical, but it can cause allergic reactions, sick building syndrome and so on. It has also been observed to cause cancer in scientific studies using laboratory animals, and it even causes cancer in humans. Natural products such as ginseng and pine needle containing complicated mixtures of organic chemicals are widely used in the world, because their effective components are responsible for some pharmacological activities including antioxidative effect, anticancer effect. We investigate the effect of Korean ginseng (GE), pine needle extract (PE) and combined GE and PE (cNPE) on mouse lung injury by FA exposure. GE, PE and cNPE was directly transported to pulmonary cells through respiratory organ by nebulizer inhalation. In the case of FA exposure, the pulmonary structure was damaged and its function became abnormal. However, cNPE-FA, GE-FA, and PE-FA treated groups showed similar with the control group compared with FA group. Among them, GE was proved to be more effective than any other extracts. These results demonstrate that natural product extracts could protect pulmonary structure and function against FA exposure.