Knowledge and Perceptions of Influenza Vaccinations Among College Students in Vietnam and the United States

Akiko Kamimura,Ha N. Trinh,Shannon Weaver,Alla Chernenko,Maziar M. Nourian,Nushean Assasnik,Hanh Nguyen 대한예방의학회 2017 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.50 No.4

Objectives: Influenza is a significant worldwide public health issue. Knowledge and perceptions regarding the flu vaccination are associated with whether individuals obtain the vaccination. The purpose of this study was to examine how such perceptions were related to knowledge and self-efficacy regarding influenza and the flu vaccination in Vietnam and the US. Methods: College students (n=932) in Vietnam (n=495) and the US (n=437) completed a self-administered survey regarding knowledge and perceptions of influenza vaccinations in September and October 2016. Results: Vietnamese participants reported significantly lower levels of awareness about flu risk, higher levels of negative attitudes toward flu vaccination, lower levels of knowledge about the flu and vaccination, and lower levels of self-efficacy than US participants. Higher levels of flu and flu vaccination knowledge and self-efficacy regarding general responsible health practices were associated with lower levels of negative perceptions of flu risk and attitudes toward vaccination. At the same time, self-efficacy regarding responsible health practices was associated with higher levels of awareness of flu risk and lower levels of negative attitudes toward vaccination. Self-efficacy regarding exercise was associated with lower levels of perceptions of flu risk and higher levels of negative attitudes toward vaccination. Conclusions: Vietnam could benefit from influenza education based on this comparison with the US. In both countries, knowledge and self-efficacy were found to be important factors influencing perceptions of influenza risk and vaccination.

Knowledge and Perceptions of Influenza Vaccinations Among College Students in Vietnam and the United States

Kamimura, Akiko,Trinh, Ha N.,Weaver, Shannon,Chernenko, Alla,Nourian, Maziar M.,Assasnik, Nushean,Nguyen, Hanh The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2017 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.50 No.4

Objectives: Influenza is a significant worldwide public health issue. Knowledge and perceptions regarding the flu vaccination are associated with whether individuals obtain the vaccination. The purpose of this study was to examine how such perceptions were related to knowledge and self-efficacy regarding influenza and the flu vaccination in Vietnam and the US. Methods: College students (n=932) in Vietnam (n=495) and the US (n=437) completed a self-administered survey regarding knowledge and perceptions of influenza vaccinations in September and October 2016. Results: Vietnamese participants reported significantly lower levels of awareness about flu risk, higher levels of negative attitudes toward flu vaccination, lower levels of knowledge about the flu and vaccination, and lower levels of self-efficacy than US participants. Higher levels of flu and flu vaccination knowledge and self-efficacy regarding general responsible health practices were associated with lower levels of negative perceptions of flu risk and attitudes toward vaccination. At the same time, self-efficacy regarding responsible health practices was associated with higher levels of awareness of flu risk and lower levels of negative attitudes toward vaccination. Self-efficacy regarding exercise was associated with lower levels of perceptions of flu risk and higher levels of negative attitudes toward vaccination. Conclusions: Vietnam could benefit from influenza education based on this comparison with the US. In both countries, knowledge and self-efficacy were found to be important factors influencing perceptions of influenza risk and vaccination.

Antibacterial compounds in green microalgae from extreme environments: a review

Little, Shannon M.,Senhorinho, Gerusa N.A.,Saleh, Mazen,Basiliko, Nathan,Scott, John A. The Korean Society of Phycology 2021 ALGAE Vol.36 No.1

Increased proliferation of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a critical issue that has increased the demand for novel antibacterial compounds. Antibacterial activities have been evaluated in extracts from photosynthetic green microalgae, with varying levels of subsequent potential for development based on the strain of algae, strain of bacterial pathogen, and solvent used to extract the metabolites. Green microalgae from extreme environmental conditions have had to adapt to conditions that exclude many other organisms. The production of antibacterial compounds aids directly or indirectly in the survival of green microalgae in these extreme environments, as well as potentially serve other roles. This review investigates antibacterial activities of green microalgae from both extreme in-situ environmental conditions and induced extreme laboratory conditions and highlights.

Host switch during evolution of a genetically distinct hantavirus in the American shrew mole (<i>Neurotrichus gibbsii</i>)

Ji Kang, Hae,Bennett, Shannon N.,Dizney, Laurie,Sumibcay, Laarni,Arai, Satoru,Ruedas, Luis A.,Song, Jin-Won,Yanagihara, Richard Elsevier 2009 Virology Vol.388 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A genetically distinct hantavirus, designated Oxbow virus (OXBV), was detected in tissues of an American shrew mole (<I>Neurotrichus gibbsii</I>), captured in Gresham, Oregon, in September 2003. Pairwise analysis of full-length S- and M- and partial L-segment nucleotide and amino acid sequences of OXBV indicated low sequence similarity with rodent-borne hantaviruses. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods, and host–parasite evolutionary comparisons, showed that OXBV and Asama virus, a hantavirus recently identified from the Japanese shrew mole (<I>Urotrichus talpoides</I>), were related to soricine shrew-borne hantaviruses from North America and Eurasia, respectively, suggesting parallel evolution associated with cross-species transmission.</P>

Pulmonary Embolism during a Retrial of Low-dose Clozapine

Gregg Alan Robbins-Welty,Shannon Coats,Andrew N. Tuck,Bryan K. Lao,Zachary Lane 대한정신약물학회 2022 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.20 No.3

Pulmonary emboli (PE) are increasingly recognized as an adverse effect of clozapine. However, little is known about the characteristics or mechanisms of clozapine-associated PE. We present a case of a 34-year-old with treatment-refractory schizophrenia who developed rhabdomyolysis during his first clozapine trial. During re-trial on a lower dose than his initial trial, the patient developed chest pain that he attributed to “pacemakers.” The pleuritic description and associated tachycardia prompted medical workup and the patient was ultimately diagnosed with a clozapine-associated PE. The patient’s only risk factors for PE were obesity and tobacco use, while his hypercoagulability workup was unrevealing. Clozapine use was continued at a lower dose following these adverse effects given inefficacy of other agents in managing the patient’s psychotic symptoms. The patient experienced significant relief of psychotic symptoms with continued clozapine therapy and a course of electroconvulsive therapy. The patient’s presentation was unusual in that it occurred during a retrial of clozapine, after the initial trial was stopped when he developed rhabdomyolysis. This case demonstrates the importance of maintaining vigilance for PE in patients on clozapine as well as not dismissing somatic complaints in patients experiencing psychosis. Additionally, given his history rhabdomyolysis, an uncommon adverse effect of clozapine, the development of a second uncommon adverse effect (PE) raises the question of whether these events may be associated.

Toxoplasmosis in a Pet Peach-Faced Lovebird(Agapornis roseicollis)

Madalyn K. Cooper,Jan ?lapeta,Shannon L. Donahoe,David N. Phalen 대한기생충학열대의학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.53 No.6

Toxoplasma gondii atypical type II genotype was diagnosed in a pet peach-faced lovebird (Agapornis roseicollis) based on histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and multilocus DNA typing. The bird presented with severe neurological signs, and hematology was suggestive of chronic granulomatous disease. Gross post-mortem examination revealed cerebral hemorrhage, splenomegaly, hepatitis, and thickening of the right ventricular free wall. Histologic sections of the most significant lesions in the brain revealed intralesional protozoan organisms associated with malacia, spongiform changes, and a mild histiocytic response, indicative of diffuse, non-suppurative encephalitis. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the causative organisms to be T. gondii. DNA isolated from the brain was used to confirm the presence of T. gondii DNA. Multilocus genotyping based on SAG1, altSAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and Apico markers demonstrated the presence of ToxoDB PCR-RFLP genotype #3 and B1 gene as atypical T. gondii type II. The atypical type II strain has been previously documented in Australian wildlife, indicating an environmental transmission route.

Pushing the envelope: expanding fertility sparing treatment of endometrial cancer

Katherine Ikard Stewart,Melinda S. Yates,Shannon N. Westin 대한부인종양학회 2020 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.31 No.5

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Hantavirus in Northern Short-tailed Shrew, United States

Arai, Satoru,Song, Jin-Won,Sumibcay, Laarni,Bennett, Shannon N.,Nerurkar, Vivek R.,Parmenter, Cheryl,Cook, Joseph A.,Yates, Terry L.,Yanagihara, Richard Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2007 Emerging infectious diseases Vol.13 No.9

<P>Phylogenetic analyses, based on partial medium- and large-segment sequences, support an ancient evolutionary origin of a genetically distinct hantavirus detected by reverse transcription–PCR in tissues of northern short-tailed shrews (<I>Blarina brevicauda</I>) captured in Minnesota in August 1998. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of hantaviruses harbored by shrews in the Americas.</P>

The influence of surgeon volume on outcomes after pelvic exenteration for a gynecologic cancer

Randa J. Jalloul,Randa J. Jalloul,Mark F. Munsell,Shannon N. Westin,Pedro T. Ramirez,Michael Frumovitz,Pamela T. Soliman 대한부인종양학회 2018 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.29 No.5

Objective: To determine the effect of surgeon experience on intraoperative, postoperative and long-term outcomes among patients undergoing pelvic exenteration for gynecologic cancer. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of all women who underwent exenteration for a gynecologic malignancy at MD Anderson Cancer Center, between January 1993 and June 2013. A logistic regression was used to model the relationship between surgeon experience (measured as the number of exenteration cases performed by the surgeon prior to a given exenteration) and operative outcomes and postoperative complications. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model survival outcomes. Results: A total of 167 exenterations were performed by 19 surgeons for cervix (78, 46.7%), vaginal (43, 25.8%), uterine (24, 14.4%), vulvar (14, 8.4%) and other cancer (8, 4.7%). The most common procedure was total pelvic exenteration (69.4%), incontinent urinary diversion (63.5%) and vertical rectus abdominis musculocutaneous reconstruction (42.5%). Surgical experience was associated with decreased estimated blood loss (p<0.001), intraoperative transfusion (p=0.009) and a shorter length of stay (p=0.03). No difference was noted in the postoperative complication rate (p=0.12–0.95). More surgeon experience was not associated with overall or disease specific survival: OS (hazard ratio [HR]=1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.97–1.06; p=0.46) and DSS (HR=1.01; 95% CI=0.97–1.04; p=0.66), respectively. Conclusion: Patients undergoing exenteration by more experienced surgeons had improvement in intraoperative factors such as estimated blood loss, transfusion rates and length of stay. No difference was seen in postoperative complication rates, overall or disease specific survival.

Fertility-sparing treatment in early endometrial cancer: current state and future strategies

( Andreas Obermair ),( Franzcog ),( Eva Baxter ),( Donal J. Brennan ),( Jessica N. Mcalpine ),( Jennifer J. Mueller ),( Frédéric Amant ),( Mignon D. J. M. Van Gent ),( Robert L. Coleman ),( Shannon N. 대한산부인과학회 2020 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.63 No.4

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the fifth most common cancer in women worldwide. Global estimates show rising incidence rates in both developed and developing countries. Most women are diagnosed postmenopausal, but 14-25% of patients are premenopausal and 5% are under 40 years of age. Established risk factors include age and hyperestrogenic status associated with nulliparity, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Standard treatment for EC, which involves total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, has excellent survival outcomes, particularly for low-grade endometrioid tumors. However, it leads to permanent loss of fertility among women who wish to preserve their reproductive potential. With current trends of reproductive-age women delaying childbearing, rising EC incidence rates, and a growing epidemic of obesity, particularly in developed countries, research on conservative non-surgical treatment approaches remains a top priority. Fertility-sparing treatment predominantly involves the use of oral progestins and levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices, which have been shown to be feasible and safe in women with early stage EC and minimal or no myometrial invasion. However, data on the efficacy and safety of conservative management strategies are primarily based on retrospective studies. Randomized clinical trials in younger women and high-risk obese patients are currently underway. Here, we have presented a comprehensive review of the current literature on conservative, fertility-sparing approaches, defining the optimal candidates and evaluating tumor characteristics, reproductive and oncologic outcomes, and ongoing clinical trials. We have also summarized current guidelines and recommendations based on the published literature.