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Exploration of New Electroacupuncture Needle Material
Lee, Sanghun,Choi, Gwang-Ho,Lee, Chang Hoon,Kim, Yu Kyoung,Lee, Saebhom,Cho, Sungjin,Yeon, Sunhee,Choi, Sun-Mi,Ryu, Yeon-Hee Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2012 No.-
<P><I>Background</I>. Electro Acupuncture (EA) uses the acupuncture needle as an electrode to apply low-frequency stimulation. For its safe operation, it is essential to prevent any corrosion of the acupuncture needle. <I>Objective</I>. The aim of this study is to find an available material and determine the possibility of producing a standard EA needle that is biocompatible. <I>Methods</I>. Biocompatibility was tested by an MTT assay and cytotoxicity testing. Corrosion was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) after 0.5 mA, 60 min stimulation. The straightness was measured using a gap length of 100 mm, and tensile testing was performed by imposing a maximum tensile load. <I>Results</I>. Phosphor bronze, Ni coated SS304, were deemed inappropriate materials because of mild-to-moderate cytotoxicity and corrosion. Ti-6Al-4V and SS316 showed no cytotoxicity or corrosion. Ti-6Al-4V has a 70 times higher cost and 2.5 times lower conductivity than SS316. The results of both straightness and tensile testing confirmed that SS316 can be manufactured as a standard product. <I>Conclusion</I>. As a result, we confirmed that SS316 can be used a new EA electrode material. We hope that a further study of the maximum capacity of low-frequency stimulation using an SS316 for safe operation.</P>
Effect of Capillary Barrier on Soil Salinity and Corn Growth at Saemangeum Reclaimed Tidal Land
Sanghun Lee,Su-Hwan Lee,Hui-su Bae,Jang-Hee Lee,Yang-Yul Oh,Tae-Hwan Noh,Geon-Hwi Lee 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.6
Salt accumulation at soil surface is one of the most detrimental factors for crop production in reclaimed tidal land. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of capillary barriers beneath the soil surface on dynamics of soil salts at coarse-textured reclaimed tidal land. A field experiment was conducted at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land for two years (2012-2013). Capillary barriers (3.5x12 m) were treated with crushed-stone, oyster shell waste, coal briquette ash, coal bottom ash, rice hull and woodchip at 40-60 cm depth from soil surface. Silage corn (Zea mays) was cultivated during the experimental period and soil salinity was monitored periodically. Soil salinity was significantly reduced with capillary barrier compared to that of control. Oyster shell waste was one of the most effective capillary barrier materials to control soil salinity at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land. At the first growing season capillary barrier did not influence on corn growth regardless of types of the material, but plant biomass and withering rate of corn were significantly improved with capillary barrier at the second growing season. The results of this study showed that capillary barrier was effective on the control of soil salinity and improvement of corn growth, which indicated that capillary barrier treatment can be considered one of the best management practices for stable crop production at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land.
Effect of Soil Salinity Levels on Silage Barley Growth at Saemangeum Reclaimed Tidal Land
Sanghun Lee,Hui-Soo Bae,Soo-Hwan Lee,Jong-Gook Kang,Hong-Kyu Kim,Kyeong-Bo Lee,Ki-Hoon Park 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.5
Crop development and nutrient availability are strongly influenced by soil salinity levels. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of rice straw and nitrogen (N) fertilizer for silage barley under various soil salinity levels at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land. Three levels of rice straw (0, 2.5, 5.0 ton rice straw ha<SUP>-1</SUP>) and N (0, 150, 225 kg N ha<SUP>-1</SUP>) were applied at 0.04, 0.23, 0.35% soil salinity levels. Biomass yield of silage barley was influenced by the interactions between rice straw application and N fertilization. Although there was no single effect of rice straw application on biomass yield, it was significantly increased with N application and a rice straw application of 5.0 ton ha<SUP>1</SUP>. Sodium content in silage barley was significantly lower at 0.04% salinity level, and but it was statistically increased with increasing soil salinity levels. Forage qualities such as total digestible nutrients and relative feed value of silage barley were significantly higher with N application at 0.04% salinity level, but there was no effect of rice straw application. Soil organic matter content was increased with N and rice straw application regardless of soil salinity level. The results of this study showed that the effect of rice straw and N fertilization on silage barley was influenced by soil salinity levels, which indicates that the management practice of silage barley at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land should consider soil salinity levels.
Effect of Capillary Barrier on Soil Salinity and Corn Growth at Saemangeum Reclaimed Tidal Land
Lee, Sanghun,Lee, Su-Hwan,Bae, Hui-Su,Lee, Jang-Hee,Oh, Yang-Yul,Noh, Tae-Hwan,Lee, Geon-Hwi 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.6
Salt accumulation at soil surface is one of the most detrimental factors for crop production in reclaimed tidal land. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of capillary barriers beneath the soil surface on dynamics of soil salts at coarse-textured reclaimed tidal land. A field experiment was conducted at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land for two years (2012-2013). Capillary barriers ($3.5{\times}12m$) were treated with crushed-stone, oyster shell waste, coal briquette ash, coal bottom ash, rice hull and woodchip at 40-60 cm depth from soil surface. Silage corn (Zea mays) was cultivated during the experimental period and soil salinity was monitored periodically. Soil salinity was significantly reduced with capillary barrier compared to that of control. Oyster shell waste was one of the most effective capillary barrier materials to control soil salinity at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land. At the first growing season capillary barrier did not influence on corn growth regardless of types of the material, but plant biomass and withering rate of corn were significantly improved with capillary barrier at the second growing season. The results of this study showed that capillary barrier was effective on the control of soil salinity and improvement of corn growth, which indicated that capillary barrier treatment can be considered one of the best management practices for stable crop production at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land.