不栺方鼎時代「穆王說」補

張德良(Zhang De Liang) 경북대학교 아시아연구소 2010 아시아연구 Vol.- No.9

‘不栺方鼎’이 만들어진 시기에 대해서는 현재 周昭王시기, 周穆王시기 그리고 周恭王.周懿王시기라는 세 가지 견해가 상존하고 있다. 본 논문은 考古類型學의 방법을 활용하여, 함께 출토되었던 器物.器形,紋樣및 書體등의 네 가지 각도에서 고찰했다. 함께 출토되었던 器物로는 서로 다른 형태를 띠고 있는 두 개의 銅戈가 있다. 하나는 穆王시기에 해당하는 伯墓에서 출토된 微胡一穿戈이고, 또 하나는 西周中期에 해당하는 天馬—曲村M7092에서 출토된 長胡三穿戈이다. 井中偉박사의 연구에 의하면, 전자의 유행은 그 年代의 下限線을 西周시대 중기의 초기단계로 잡을 수 있고, 후자의 유행은 西周시대 중기까지로 볼 수 있다. 그리고 陝西省長安縣張家坡의 西周시대 무덤 M284에서 출토된 咸作豐大母方鼎은 이 ‘不栺方鼎’과 그 器形이 매우 유사한데, 그 시기는 서주시대 중기에 해당한다. 또한 이 ‘不栺方鼎’과 유사한 紋樣을 가진器物로는 陝西省岐山縣董家村의 窖藏에서 출토된 二十七年衛簋를 들수 있는데, 그 시기는 穆王시기에 해당한다. ‘不栺方鼎’의 書體는 시기적으로 穆王시기에 해당하는 豐尊과 共王시기에 해당하는 墻盤의 중간지점에 놓여 있다고 볼 수 있다. 그 중에서 穆王시기에 해당하는 方鼎甲과 가장 근접하고 있는 편이다. 따라서 위에서 언급한 몇 가지 내용을 종합하여 필자는 이 ‘不栺方鼎’의 시기를 西周시대 중기의 초기단계인 穆王시기로 잡았다. 이러한 時代區分은 周原甲骨文에 보이는 ‘不栺’의 활동연대와도 서로 일치하기 때문에, 이 사실도 필자의 견해에 또 하나의 중요한 증거가 되어주었다. 그 외에도 이 ‘不栺方鼎’의 시기를 穆王시기로 정하는 일은 상단에 새겨진 竊曲紋을 연구하는 데 있어서도 매우 중요한 의미를 갖는다. By now there are three kinds of opinion about the dating of the rectangular cauldron of Buzhi: the period of King Zhao, or King Mu or the period of King Gong and King Yih in Western Chou history. The paper studies the co-existing utensils、vessel shape、decoration and the style of calligraphy with the means of typology. Among the co-existing utensils, there were two kinds of dagger axe. One is tiny Hu(flange) with one apertures, which also appeared in the tomb of Dong in Shan’xi Province. The other is long hu(flange) with three apertures, which occurred in one tomb of Tianma-qucun in Shanxi Province. The period of the former is King Mu of Western Chou, and the latter is Middle of Western Chou based on the study of one doctoral dissertation by Jing Zhongwei. Similar rectangular cauldron for Feng Damu(豐大母) was found at the cemetery of Zhangjiapo of Western Chou, which was in the middle of Western Chou. As for the decoration, gui food container for Wei from the hoard of Western Chou at Dongjiacun in Qishan County is similar to the rectangular cauldron, and the period of the gui food container is generally acknowledged as King Mu. The period of the style calligraphy of the rectangular cauldron was between King Mu and King Gong, compared with the Zun for Feng from the Hoard at Zhuangbai and the pan for the scribe of Qiang, and it is closer to the rectangular cauldron for Dong. Based one the analysis above, we can draw a conclusion that the period of the rectangular cauldron for Buzhi was King Mu, and this agreed with the conclusion that one person called Buzhi from the oracle inscriptions of the Western Chou at Zhouyuan was living Between the early Western Chou and the middle Western Chou. This is one circumstantial evidence. Once we accept the opinion, it is very important for us to study the pattern of Qiequ(竊曲紋) of the bronze of Western Chou.

Biodegradation of Di-n-Butyl Phthalate by Rhodococcus sp. JDC-11 and Molecular Detection of 3,4-Phthalate Dioxygenase Gene

( De Cai Jin ),( Ren Xing Liang ),( Qin Yun Dai ),( Rui Yong Zhang ),( Xue Liu Wu ),( Wei Liang Chao ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2010 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.20 No.10

Rhodococcus sp. JDC-11, capable of utilizing di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) as the sole source of carbon and energy, was isolated from sewage sludge and confirmed mainly based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The optimum pH, temperature, and agitation rate for DBP degradation by Rhodococcus sp. JDC-11 were 8.0, 30oC, and 175 rpm, respectively. In addition, low concentrations of glucose were found to inhibit the degradation of DBP, whereas high concentrations of glucose increased its degradation. Meanwhile, a substrate utilization test showed that JDC- 11 was also able to utilize other phthalates. The major metabolites of DBP degradation were identified as monobutyl phthalate and phthalic acid by gas chromatographymass spectrometry, allowing speculation on the tentative metabolic pathway of DBP degradation by Rhodococcus sp. JDC-11. Using a set of new degenerate primers, a partial sequence of the 3,4-phthalate dioxygenase gene was obtained from JDC-11. Moreover, a sequence analysis revealed that the phthalate dioxygenase gene of JDC-11 was highly homologous to the large subunit of the phthalate dioxygenase from Rhodococcus coprophilus strain G9.

KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 Serve as Markers of Infiltration, Metastasis, and Prognosis in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Zhang, Bing-Hui,Liu, Wei,Li, Liang,Lu, Jian-Guang,Sun, Ya-Nan,Jin, De-Jun,Xu, Xiu-Yu Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.6

Objective: The current study explored the expression of KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 and its significance in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Methods: The expression levels of KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 in 100 LSCC tissue specimens, as well as in 30 para-LSCC non-carcinomatous tissue specimens randomly taken from the patients, were assessed using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and immunohistochemistry and correlations with pathological parameters of LSCC and their influence on survival function were analyzed. Results: KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 showed basically consistent changes in both mRNA and protein expression. Their expression in the 30 LSCC specimens was significantly lower compared with that in the corresponding non-carcinous tissues (P < 0.01 or 0.05), notably correlating with TNM stage, differentiation degree, clinical stage, and lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.01 or 0.05), but not gender, age, and LSCC growth sites (P > 0.05). The median survival of patients with positive KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 protein expression was longer than that of patients with negative protein expression (P < 0.01 or 0.05). KAI1/CD82 protein expression negatively correlated with MRP1/CD9 protein expression in LSCC (${\chi}^2$= 31.25, P < 0.01). Conclusion: KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 may jointly participate in the development of LSCC. They may serve as the markers for judging the infiltration, metastasis, and prognosis of LSCC.

Multi-objective path planning for mobile robot in nuclear accident environment based on improved ant colony optimization with modified A∗

Zhang De,Luo Run,Yin Ye-bo,Zou Shu-liang 한국원자력학회 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.5

This paper presents a hybrid algorithm to solve the multi-objective path planning (MOPP) problem for mobile robots in a static nuclear accident environment. The proposed algorithm mimics a real nuclear accident site by modeling the environment with a two-layer cost grid map based on geometric modeling and Monte Carlo calculations. The proposed algorithm consists of two steps. The first step optimizes a path by the hybridization of improved ant colony optimization algorithm-modified A* (IACO-A*) that minimizes path length, cumulative radiation dose and energy consumption. The second module is the high radiation dose rate avoidance strategy integrated with the IACO-A* algorithm, which will work when the mobile robots sense the lethal radiation dose rate, avoiding radioactive sources with high dose levels. Simulations have been performed under environments of different complexity to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, and the results show that IACO-A* has better path quality than ACO and IACO. In addition, a study comparing the proposed IACO-A* algorithm and recent path planning (PP) methods in three scenarios has been performed. The simulation results show that the proposed IACO-A* algorithm is obviously superior in terms of stability and minimization the total cost of MOPP

NANOTOXICITY OF MULTIWALL CARBON NANOTUBES TO A549 CELLS IN VITRO

FU-DE WANG,Ying Tang,Yong Ji Yang,CHAN JIN,HUA ZHANG,HAO LIANG 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2014 NANO Vol.9 No.2

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been widely applied in many ¯elds due to theexcellent physical and chemical properties. As the production and applications of nanotubesexpand, public concern about their potential risks to human health has also raised. Cytotoxicityof MWCNTs was evaluated in this study using a cultured human epithelial cell line A549. Uptakeof MWCNTs by cultured A549 cells was observed by TEM imaging. Dose-dependent decrease ofcell viability showed the cytotoxicity of MWCNTs. Signi¯cant reactive oxygen species (ROS)generation and GSH depletion which reduced the cellular antioxidant level could be the majorfactor of cytotoxicity induced by MWCNTs. MWCNTs seemed to trigger the activation of cellautophagy with the intracellular ATG16L1 level increase as a defense mechanism.

RTN4 3'-UTR Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Chinese Han Population

Lu, De-Yi,Mao, Xu-Hua,Zhou, Ying-Hui,Yan, Xiao-Long,Wang, Wei-Ping,Zheng, Ya-Biao,Xiao, Juan-Juan,Zhang, Ping,Wang, Jian-Guo,Ashwani, Neetika,Ding, Wei-Liang,Jiang, Hua,Shang, Yan,Wang, Ming-Hua Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.13

Nogo protein, encoded by gene reticulon-4 (RTN4), includes three major isoforms by different splicing, named Nogo-A Nogo-B and Nogo-C. Nogo proteins play an important role in the apoptosis of cells, especially in tumor cells. RTN4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can influence the efficiency of transcription and translation thus being related with an individual's predisposition to cancer. The CAA insertion/deletion polymorphism (rs34917480) within RTN4 3'-UTR has been reported to be associated with many cancer types. In order to investigate the relationship between this polymorphism and susceptibility to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the Chinese population, we conducted the present case-control study including 411 NSCLC patients and 471 unrelated healthy controls. The genotype distributions were significantly different between cases and controls (p=0.014). We found that the del allele could significantly increase NSCLC risk (ins/ins vs ins/del: p=0.007, OR 1.46, 95%CI=1.11-1.93; dominant model: p=0.004, OR 1.47, 95%CI=1.13-1.92 and allele model: p=0.008, OR 1.35, 95%CI=1.08-1.67). This association was stronger in participants over 60 years old, males and smokers. We therefore conclude that the CAA insertion/deletion polymorphism (rs34917480) contributes to non-small cell lung cancer risk in Chinese population. Age, sex and environmental exposure are also related to carcinogenic effects of rs34917480.

Prognostic Value of C-Reactive Protein in Esophageal Cancer: a Meta-analysis

Zheng, Tian-Liang,Cao, Ke,Liang, Cui,Zhang, Kai,Guo, Hai-Zhou,Li, De-Ping,Zhao, Song Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.19

Background: The classical inflammatory biomarker, C-reactive protein (CRP), has been identified to be related to progression of esophageal cancer. Some research showed that elevated pretreatment serum CRP indicated a poor prognosis, but results have been inconsistent. Materials and Methods: We searched the Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Central Search Library for suitable studies and a meta-analysis of eleven (1,886 patients) was conducted to examine the relationship between elevated serum CRP level and overall survival (OS) in esophageal cancer cases. Moreover, correlation analyses were conducted to assess links between pretreatment serum CRP level and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage as well as T, N, M grade, respectively. Results: The pooled analysis showed that elevated pretreatment serum CRP level was significantly associated with poorer overall survival (HR 2.09, 95%CI 1.52-2.87, p<0.01). Subgroup analyses were conducted by "country", "cut-off value", "treatment" and "number of patients", and no single factor could alter the result. Elevated pretreatment serum CRP was significantly correlated with more advanced TNM stage and T, N, M grade respectively. Conclusions: Elevated pretreatment serum CRP levels are associated with poorer prognosis in esophageal cancer patients, and could serve as a useful biomarker for outcome prediction.

Enhancement of Anti-tumor Activity of Newcastle Disease Virus by the Synergistic Effect of Cytosine Deaminase

Lv, Zheng,Zhang, Tian-Yuan,Yin, Jie-Chao,Wang, Hui,Sun, Tian,Chen, Li-Qun,Bai, Fu-Liang,Wu, Wei,Ren, Gui-Ping,Li, De-Shan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.12

This study was conducted to investigate enhancement of anti-tumor effects of the lentogenic Newcastle disease virus Clone30 strain (NDV rClone30) expressing cytosine deaminase (CD) gene against tumor cells and in murine groin tumor-bearing models. Cytotoxic effects of the rClone30-CD/5-FC on the HepG2 cell line were examined by an MTT method. Anti-tumor activity of rClone30-CD/5-FC was examined in H22 tumor-bearing mice. Compared to the rClone30-CD virus treatment alone, NDV rClone30-CD/5-FC at 0.1 and 1 MOIs exerted significant cytotoxic effects (P<0.05) on HepG2 cells. For treatment of H22 tumor-bearing mice, recombinant NDV was injected together with 5-FC given by either intra-tumor injection or tail vein injection. When 5-FC was administered by intra-tumor injection, survival for the rClone30-CD/5-FC-treated mice was 4/6 for 80 days period vs 1/6, 0/6 and 0/6 for the mice treated with rClone30-CD, 5-FC and saline alone, respectively. When 5-FC was given by tail vein injection, survival for the rClone30-CD/5-FC-treated mice was 3/6 vs 2/6, 0/6 and 0/6 for the mice treated with rClone30-CD, 5-FC or saline alone, respectively. In this study, NDV was used for the first time to deliver the suicide gene for cancer therapy. Incorporation of the CD gene in the lentogenic NDV genome together with 5-FC significantly enhances cell death of HepG2 tumor cells in vitro, decreases tumor volume and increases survival of H22 tumor-bearing mice in vivo.

Protective association of Klotho rs495392 gene polymorphism against hepatic steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients

Wen-Yue Liu,Xiaofang Zhang,Gang Li,Liang-Jie Tang,Pei-Wu Zhu,Rafael S. Rios,Kenneth I. Zheng,Hong-Lei Ma,Xiao-Dong Wang,Qiuwei Pan,Robert J. de Knegt,Luca Valenti,Mohsen Ghanbari,Ming-Hua Zheng 대한간학회 2022 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.28 No.2

Background/Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with metabolic dysfunction. Among the multiple factors, genetic variation acts as important modifiers. Klotho, an enzyme encoded by the klotho (KL) gene in human, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunctions. However, the impact of variants in KL on NAFLD risk remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of KL rs495392 C>A polymorphism on the histological severity of NAFLD. Methods: We evaluated the impact of the KL rs495392 polymorphism on liver histology in 531 Chinese with NAFLD and replicated that in the population-based Rotterdam Study cohort. The interactions between the rs495392, vitamin D, and patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 polymorphism were also analyzed. Results: Carriage of the rs495392 A allele had a protective effect on steatosis severity (odds ratio [OR], 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42–0.89; P=0.010) in Chinese patients. After adjustment for potential confounders, the A allele remained significant with a protective effect (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45–0.98; P=0.040). The effect on hepatic steatosis was confirmed in the Rotterdam Study cohort. Additional analysis showed the association between serum vitamin D levels and NAFLD specifically in rs495392 A allele carriers, but not in non-carriers. Moreover, we found that the rs495392 A allele attenuated the detrimental impact of PNPLA3 rs738409 G allele on the risk of severe hepatic steatosis. Conclusions: The KL rs495392 polymorphism has a protective effect against hepatic steatosis in patients with NAFLD.

Bending Process Analysis and Structure Design of Orthodontic Archwire Bending Robot

Jiang Jin-gang,Zhang Yong-de,Jin Ming-liang,Wei chun-ge 보안공학연구지원센터 2013 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.7 No.5