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이준일(YI ZOONIL) 한국헌법학회 2010 憲法學硏究 Vol.16 No.1
In Germany, since September 2009 an act related to withholding of medical treatment for prolongation of life in effect. Even before the legislation of this act, according to german theories, so-called “active euthanasia” should be forbidden, but “passive euthanasia” permitted. German Federal Supreme Courts (Bundesgerichts) ruled in 1999 (criminal court) and 2003 (civil court) that the withholding of medical treatment for prolongation of life is permitted and its requirement is the soon coming death and the agreement of patients. Problematic is whether advanced will of patients is permitted and implied (silent) agreement of patients is sufficient if there is not their overt agreement. It matters the right to self-determination and the right of life as constitutional rights in the discussion on the withholding of medical treatment for the prolongation of life. Considering these constitutional rights of patients and state’s responsibility for the protection of the constitutional rights, the legislature (parliament) is obligated to make laws related to the withholding of medical treatment for prolongation of life, and the judicature (courts) is required to make their ruling to keep the constitutional rights in balance on the cases related to the withholding of medical treatment for prolongation of life. In May 2009, the Korean Supreme Court ruled that the withholding of medical treatment for prolongation of life is permitted on the basis of same requirements as german courts provided. However, the ruling is criticized that the constitutional principle of separation of powers is violated. In this context, the Korean National Assembly has to make an act related to the withholding of medical treatment for prolongation of life as soon as possible.