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윤진숙 법조협회 2012 法曹 Vol.61 No.1
우리나라 형법은 낙태죄를 규정하여 처벌하고 있지만, 현실적으로 낙태 관련 법제는 거의 적용되지 않았고 낙태죄로 처벌되는 사례도 매우 적었다. 최근 저출산 시대를 맞이하여 낙태 관련 법제가 다시 주목을 받고 있지만, 여전히 낙태는 크게 줄어들고 있지 않다. 이글에서는 낙태법제의 실효성 확보를 위해 낙태 관련 법과 판례를 살펴보고 낙태에 대한 이론적 고찰 및 실효성 제고를 위한 방안을 알아보았다. 세계적으로 낙태가 점점 자유화되고 있지만, 임신 전 기간 동안 낙태를 허용하기보다는 24주 이내와 같이 일정한 기간 내에 낙태를 자유화하는 것처럼 기간의 제한이나, 의학적, 윤리적 제약이 있는 것이 사실이다. 우리나라에서 형법상 낙태죄를 규정하고 있으면서도 모자보건법 상 제한적으로 낙태허용사유를 규정하고 있다. 하지만 현실적으로는 모자보건법에 해당하지 않는 낙태가 매우 빈번하게 이뤄지고 있다. 그러므로 낙태법제는 개선되어야 하고 이를 위해서 모자보건법에 낙태허용사유를보다 포괄적으로 규정하는 방법, 모자보건법상 허용되는 낙태에 있어서 배우자의 동의조항 삭제, 여성의 임신과 출산으로 인한 차별과 불이익을 배제할 수 있는 실질적이고도 지속적인 제도 보장, 성적 자기결정권 내지 재생산권의 주체로서 여성의 권리를 확인하고 장려하는 방법 등이 제고되어야 할 것이다. Although the criminality of abortion is stipulated under Korean criminal law, the abortion-related laws are hardly ever applied in practice, and so there are few cases of criminal punishment for abortions. In the current period of low birth rate, abortion laws are receiving r enewed attention in Korea, but there is no sign of any substantial decrease in the number of abortions. In order to determine the effectiveness of abortion laws, this paper examines abortion-related statutes and cases, considers the theoretical aspects of the abortion laws, and explores measures for improving the effectiveness of abortion laws. Although a liberal application of abortion is gradually becoming accepted throughout the world, abortion is permitted with temporal limitations as well as restrictions based on medical and ethical reasons. For example, rather than allowing an abortion at any time throughout the pregnancy, it is limited to a particular period, such as within the first 24weeks. Although the criminality of abortion is stipulated under Korean criminal law, the grounds for permissible abortion are prescribed under the Mother and Child Health Act, and as such, abortion can be considered as restrictively permitted in Korea. However, an abortion based on the free choice of a pregnant woman is not allowed. Furthermore, with a majority of the abortions not falling under the Mother and Child Health Act, Korea has one of the highest abortion rates in the world. The abortion laws, therefore, must be reformed. The laws must be improved by making the criteria for permissible abortion more comprehensive under the Mother and Child Health Act, by eliminating the spouse’s agreement requirement for abortions permitted under the Mother and Child Health Act, by guaranteeing a realistic and continuous system that can ban discrimination and eliminate disadvantages due to a woman’s pregnancy and child-bearing, and by enhancing the means of confirming and encouraging the rights of women as autonomous agents of sexual self-determination and reproductive rights.
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윤진숙 ( Jin Sook Yun ) 법조협회 2012 法曹 Vol.61 No.1
Although the criminality of abortion is stipulated under Korean criminal Law, the abortion-related laws are hardly ever applied in practice, and so there are few cases of criminal punishment for abortions. In the current period of low birth rate, abortion Laws are receiving renewed attention in Korea, but there is no sign of any substantial decrease in the number of abortions. In order to determine the effectiveness of abortion Laws, this paper examines abortion-related statutes and cases, considers the theoretical aspects of the abortion laws, and explores measures for improving the effectiveness of abortion laws. Although a liberal application of abortion is gradually becoming accepted throughout the world, abortion is permitted with temporal Limitations as well as restrictions based on medical and ethical reasons. For example, rather than allowing an abortion at any time throughout the pregnancy, it is limited to a particular period, such as within the first 24 weeks. Although the criminality of abortion is stipulated under Korean criminal Law, the grounds for permissible abortion are prescribed under the Mother and Child Health Act, and as such, abortion can be considered as restrictively permitted in Korea. However, an abortion based on the free choice of a pregnant woman is not allowed. Furthermore, with a majority of the abortions not falling under the Mother and Child Health Act, Korea has one of the highest abortion rates in the world. The abortion laws, therefore, must be reformed. The Laws must be improved by making the criteria for permissible abortion more comprehensive under the Mother and Child Health Act, by eliminating the spouse`s agreement requirement for abortions permitted under the Mother and Child Health Act, by guaranteeing a realistic and continuous system that can ban discrimination and eliminate disadvantages due to a woman`s pregnancy and child-bearing, and by enhancing the means of confirming and encouraging the rights of women as autonomous agents of sexual self-determination and reproductive rights.
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