SNS Usage of Higher Education Students in Nigeria and Korea : Social Support and Social Connectedness

Udensi Eugene Udoka 경기대학교 대학원 2018 국내박사

오늘날 인터넷 접근, 특히 SNS의 빠른 확장은 사람들에게 다른 사람들과 더 쉽게 대화할 수 있고 자신을 표현할 수 있도록 많은 선택과 경로를 제공한다. 이 연구의 목적은 아시아와 아프리카계, 특히 한국과 나이지리아 고학년 학생들의 SNS사용, 사회 연결과 사회적 지지 사이의 관계를 조사하는 것이다. 이 연구의 결과를 기반으로 우리는 채택률을 높이기 위한 방법에 대해 SNS 제공자들을 위한 지침을 마련했다. 또한 우리는 고학년 학생들의 사회적 소속감에 대하여 분석했고 그 후 SNS 사용을 통해 이에 대한 필요성이 얼마나 지지되는지 조사해보았다. 그리고 우리는 지원의 의미를 정보 지원, 감정 지원, 도구적 지원과 소속감 지원이란 4가지 범주로 분류했다. 또한 우리는 사회적 연결의 의미를 교류의 빈도, 구성원 친밀도 그리고 네트워크의 크기로 정의했다. 두 나라의 설문지를 모은 후, 우리는 수집된 자료를 가지고 비교 분석을 해보았다. 분석 결과, 한국에서는 사회적 연결, 사회적 지지와 SNS 사용 사이에 상당한 관계가 있다는 것을 알게 되었다. 반면에 나이지리아에서는 SNS 사용과 사회적 연결 사이의 아무런 관계가 없었다. Nowadays, the rapid expansion in Internet access, especially social network sites, provides numerous options and channels for people to express themselves and communicate with others more conveniently. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship among social support, social connectedness and SNS usage in both Asia and African Higher Education students, especially in Korea and Nigeria. Based on the study's findings, we developed guidelines for SNS providers and on how to maximize the rate of adoption. We also analyze the social needs of higher education students, then analyze how these needs can be better supported through the use of SNS. And we made social support into 4 categories, including information support, emotional support, instrumental support and belonging support. Also, we made social connectedness into frequency of interaction, member closeness and network size. After the survey gathered in the 2 countries, we made a comparison analysis with collected data. Results indicated strong significant relationship between social connectedness, social support and SNS usage in Korea while there is no relationship between social connectedness and SNS usage in Nigeria.

Analyzing Online Social Support on Mental Health with Graph Mining

KIM MEEYUN 인천대학교 대학원 2023 국내석사

Social support or peer support in mental health has successfully settled down in online spaces by reducing the potential risk of critical mental illness (e.g., suicidal thoughts) of support-seekers. While the prior work has mostly focused on support-seekers, particularly investigating their behavioral characteristics and the effects of online social supports to support-seekers, this paper seeks to understand online social support from supporters' perspectives, who have informational or emotional resources that may affect support-seekers either positively or negatively. To this end, we collect and analyze a large-scale of dataset consisting of the supporting comments and their target posts from 55 mental health communities in Reddit. We also develop a deep-learning-based model that scores informational and emotional support to the supporting comments. Based on the collected and scored dataset, we measure the characteristics of the supporters from the behavioral and content perspectives, which reveals that the supporters tend to give emotional support than informational support and the atmosphere of social support communities tend also to be emotional. We also understand the relations between the supporters and the support-seekers by giving a notion of “social supporting network”, whose nodes and edges are the sets of the users and the supporting comments. Our analysis on top users by out-degrees and in-degrees in social supporting network demonstrates that heavily-supportive users are more likely to give informational support with diverse content while the users who attract much support exhibit continuous support-seeking behaviors by uploading multiple posts with similar content. Lastly, we uncover words that can enhance the effectiveness of online social support in mental health using techniques such as keywords extraction and sentiment analysis, etc. In contrast to common words, we find that frequently used words by users who heavily support other users in community represent expertise in the field of mental health. We also discover that some of these words evoke favorable reactions and many discourse from other users. It seems that these findings can contribute to improving the effectiveness of support activities. We believe that the methodologies, dataset, and findings can not only expose more research questions on online social supports in mental health, but also provide insight on improving social support in online platforms. 오늘날, 온라인 공간에서 정신 질환을 가진 개인에게 다른 개인이 도움을 제공하는 동료 지원이 점점 더 많이 발생하고 있다. 이러한 양상에 기반하여, 온라인 공간에서 게시물을 작성하며 자신의 어려움을 공유하는 ‘지원 요청자’와 지원 요청자들에게 적절한 도움을 제공하는 ‘지원 제공자’에 대한 연구가 다양한 측면에서 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 기존의 연구들은 온라인 공간에서의 사회적 지원이 지원 요청자에게 미치는 영향에 대해 탐구하거나, 지원 요청자의 특성을 조사하는 등, 지원 요청자에게 주로 집중되었다. 본 논문에서는 지원 요청자에게 긍정적, 혹은 부정적 영향을 미칠 수 있는 정보적, 또는 감정적 지원을 수행하는 지원 제공자의 관점에서 온라인 사회적 지원을 이해하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 레딧 (Reddit)의 55개 정신 건강 관련 커뮤니티로부터 게시물과 그에 대한 지원 댓글, 그리고 사용자 정보로 구성된 대규모 데이터 세트를 수집, 분석한다. 또한 지원 댓글에 정보 및 감정적 지원 점수를 할당해주는 심층 학습 기반 모델을 개발한다. 이 모델을 이용하여 데이터 세트에 정보적, 감정적 지원 점수를 라벨링하고, 라벨링 된 지원 댓글을 통해 지원 제공자가 정보적 지원보다 감정적 지원을 더 많이 하는 경향이 있고, 온라인 정신 건강 커뮤니티가 전체적으로 감정적인 경향을 나타냄을 밝혀낸다. 또한, 온라인 정신 건강 커뮤니티의 각 사용자들을 정점, 이들 사이에 오가는 동료 지원을 간선으로 모델링한 “사회적 지원 네트워크”를 구축하고, 이에 그래프 마이닝 기법을 적용하여 지원 요청자와 지원 제공자 간의 관계를 이해한다. 사회적 지원 네트워크에서 진입차수가 높은 사용자와 진출차수가 높은 사용자를 분석한 결과, 지원을 많이 제공하는 사용자는 다양한 내용의 정보적 지원을 제공하는 경향이 있고, 지원을 많이 받는 사용자는 유사한 내용의 게시물을 작성하며 지속적으로 지원 요청을 하고 있음을 발견한다. 마지막으로, 키워드 추출 및 감성 분석 등의 기법을 활용하여 정신 건강 분야의 온라인 사회적 지원의 효과를 높일 수 있는 단어들을 밝혀낸다. 일반적인 단어들과는 달리, 다른 사용자들을 많이 지원하는 지원자가 자주 사용하는 단어들은 정신 건강 분야의 전문 지식을 나타낸다. 또한 우리는, 이러한 단어들 중 일부가 다른 사용자들로부터 호의적인 반응을 이끌어내고, 보다 많은 추가 담론을 불러일으킨다는 것을 발견한다. 이러한 결과는 사회적 지원 활동의 효율성 향상에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법론과 밝혀낸 사실들은 온라인 정신 건강 커뮤니티 관련 후속 연구 질문을 도출할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 온라인 정신 건강 커뮤니티에서의 사회적 지원 개선에 대한 통찰력을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

당뇨환자의 스트레스, 사회적 지지 및 심리사회적 안녕감에 관한 연구 : 사회적 지지 주효과 분석을 중심으로

송복희 건국대학교 사회과학대학원 2005 국내석사

본 연구의 목적은 입원한 당뇨환자의 스트레스, 사회적 지지 및 심리 사회적 안녕감에 관한 연구를 분석하여 사회복지 서비스 개입방안을 연구하고자 하였다. 자료수집은 2004년 7월 21일부터 8월 18일까지 충청북도 청주시에 소재한 대학병원 1곳과 종합병원 2곳에서 입원한 당뇨환자를 대상으로 하였으며, 총 설문지 수는 138부로 SPSS WIN 10, 통계프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 자료처리 및 분석방법에서 일반적 사항은 빈도와 백분율을, 입원한 당뇨환자의 스트레스, 사회적 지지의 수용 및 심리사회적 상태는 평균, 표준편차로 분석하였다. 그리고 일반적 사항과 주요 변인들 간은 상관관계로 하였고, 사회적 지지가 3개의 심리사회적 안녕감을 나타내는 변인을 파악하기 위해서는 회귀분석으로 하였다. 분석 결과에서 스트레스 정도는 "드물게"와 "가끔"의 스트레스를 느끼는 것으로 나타났으며, 사회적 지지의 정도는 "그저 그렇다"와 "그렇다"로 나타나 응답자들의 사회적 지지는 어느 정도 있는 것으로 분석 되었다. 한편 3개의 심리사회적 상태를 의미하는 변인에 대한 기술통계에서 자기존중감은 "그렇지 않다"와 "그렇다"로 약간은 자기 존중감이 있는 것으로 나타났고, 가족관계는 "그렇지 않다"로 가족관계는 문제가 적은 것으로 나타났으며, 삶의 만족도는 "다소 그저 그렇다"와 "그저 그렇다"에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 일반적인 특성, 스트레스, 사회적 지지 및 심리사회적 변인 들 간의 단순 상관관계결과에서 일반적인 특성의 상관관계 분석결과는 교육수준이 높을수록 병력 기간이 짧고, 연소득은 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 병력기간이 길수록 연소득이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 스트레스 변인과 상관관계를 보인 일반적 특성은 나이로서 나이가 많을수록 스트레스 정도는 낮고, 사회적 지지 정도가 높을수록 스트레스는 낮게 나타났다. 사회적 지지와 유의미 있는 상관관계를 보인 변인은 병력기간과 연소득으로 병력기간이 길수록 사회적 지지가 낮고, 연소득이 높을수록 사회적 지지가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 심리사회적 상태 변인들과 유의미한 상관관계를 보인 일반적 특성은 나이와 병력기간으로, 나이가 많을수록 삶의 만족도는 높은 반면에 병력기간이 길수록 자아존중감이 낮고, 가족관계도 좋지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 스트레스와 심리사회적 상태 변인과의 유의미한 상관관계를 보인 자기존중감, 삶의 만족도, 가족관계는 강한 부적 상관관계를 보여 심리사 회적 안녕감에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 사회적 지지가 3개의 심리사회적 안녕감을 나타내는 변수에 대한 주효과를 검증하기 위하여 중다회귀분석이 실행되었고, 사회적 지지의 유형 중 가족지지, 친구지지, 타인지지의 3가지로 분리하여 투입되었다. 자기 존중감 변인에 대한 회귀분석의 결과는 사회적 지지의 주효과가 검증되었으므로 사회적 지지가 높은 당뇨환자들이 더 높은 수준의 자기존중감을 가지고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 사회적 지지의 유형 별 회귀분석 한 결과 세 가지 유형 모두 영향력이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 가족관계의 변인에 대한 회귀분석의 결과는 사회적 지지의 주효과가 검증되었으므로 사회적 지지가 높은 당뇨환자들은 가족문제가 적은 것으로 볼 수 있다. 사회적 지지의 유형 별로 회귀분석 한 결과 가족지지, 타인지지만 영향력이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 삶의 만족도 변인에 대한 회귀분석의 결과는 사회적 지지의 주효과가 확인되지 않은 반면에, 사회적 지지가 삶의 만족도에 영향력은 있는 것으로 증명되어, 사회적 지지가 높은 당뇨환자들은 사회적 지지가 낮은 사람보다 삶의 만족도가 높은 것으로 알 수 있다. 사회적 지지의 유형 별 회귀분석 한 결과 세 가지 유형 모두 영향력이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 위와 같은 연구 결과를 토대로 당뇨환자에게 사회복지 서비스를 개입해야 할 우선적인 대상은 연령이 높은 사람, 저학력, 연소득이 낮은 사람, 병력기간이 긴 당뇨환자, 스트레스가 높은 사람으로 나타났으며 , 본 연구에서 당뇨환자에게 사회적 지지의 주효과가 부분적으로 검증되었으므로 당뇨환자의 심리사회적 안녕감을 강화하기 위해서는 사회복지서비스가 필요함을 시사해 주고 있다. This study aims to examine how the social welfare services can introduced by analyzing the studies on the stress, social support and psychosocial well-being of hospitalized diabetes patients. The data was collected from the hospitalized diabetics in two general hospitals and one university hospital located in Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-Do from July 21 to August 18, 2004. Total 138 questionnaires were collected and analyzed using the SPSS WIN 10. statistics program. For the data processing and analysis method, the general profiles were analyzed by the frequency and percentage. The stress, social support and psychosocial status of hospitalized diabetics were examined using the average and standard deviation. In addition, the general profiles and major variables were investigated on the basis of the correlation. Moreover, the regression analysis was applied to identify three variables indicating the psychosocial well-being. According to the analysis, the subjects felt the stress "occasionally" and "rarely". The subjects responded "not to bad" and "usual" about the social support. Then, it was analyzed that the social support of subjects existed to some extent. Meanwhile, in the descriptive statistics on the three variables representing the psychosocial status, the subjects' responses on the self esteem were "esteemed" and "not esteemed". It suggested that the subjects had some self esteem. For the family relationship, it was found that there were little problems as the subjects selected "No". The subjects answered "to some extent" and "not to bad" for the life satisfaction. The simple correlation among the general profiles, stress, social support and psychosocial variables was examined. For the analysis on the correlation among the general profiles, the higher the educational level was, the shorter the case history was and the higher the annual income was. It was found that the longer the case history was, the lower the annual income was. The general profile demonstrating the correlation with the stress variable was the age. The older the subject was, the lower the stress level was. And the higher the social support was, the lower the stress level was. The variables showing the significant correlation with the social support were the case history and annual income. The longer the case history was, the lower the social support was. And higher annual income was related to higher social support. The general profiles having the significant correlation with the psychosocial status variables were the age and case history. While the older the subjects were, the higher the life satisfaction was, longer case history was related to the lower self esteem and more unfavorable family relation. Moreover, the self esteem, life satisfaction and family relationship that suggested the significant correlation with the stress and psychosocial status variables demonstrated the strong negative correlation. Accordingly, it was concluded that the psychosocial well-being exerted the negative influence. The multiple regression analysis was conducted to verify the major effects of social support on three variables representing the psychosocial well-being. The social supports were divided into 3 types for the analysis: Support from family, support from friends and support form others. The regression analysis on the self esteem variables verified the main effects of social supports. Thus, it was considered that the diabetics with higher social supports would have higher self esteem. According to the regression analysis on the social supports by type, it was identified that all three types didn't have any influences. The regression analysis on the family relationship variables proved the main effects of social supports. Therefore, we can consider that the diabetics with higher social supports doesn't have serious family problems. According to the regression analysis on the social supports by type, it was found that the support from family and support from others affected. While the regression analysis on the life satisfaction variables didn't identify the major effects of social supports, it was proved that the social supports exerted the influence on the life satisfaction. Thus, it seemed that the diabetics with higher social supports had higher life satisfaction. With the regression analysis on the social supports by type, all types had no influences. On the basis of the results of the study as described above, the priority targets that the social welfare service has to be applied are the diabetics who are older and less educated and have lower annual income, longer case history and higher stress level. Since the main effects of social supports on the diabetics are verified in this study, the results suggest the necessity of social welfare service for enhancing the psychosocial well-being of diabetes patients

Social Technology Use and Well-Being: The Role of Social Support and Physical Activity

Lin, Xin Yao ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Brandeis Universit 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

With the proliferation of social technology usage for adults of all ages, it is of interest to explore its influences on physical health and well-being. Social technology use has been associated with both positive and negative physical and psychological outcomes, the mechanisms (how and why) behind this linkage are yet to be determined. The current dissertation examined whether social support and physical activity are potential mechanisms in the relationship between social technology use and well-being in three studies using different assessment methods and study designs (daily, longitudinal, and experimental). Study One used an eight-day daily diary study from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Refresher dataset (N = 782) ages 25–75 to test the hypothesized mediation model at both between and within-person levels. Study One consists of two parts. Part A results suggest that days with more social media use were associated with a larger proportion of time spent giving support, and in turn, worse well-being. Discussion focuses on ways to address the negative consequences of social media use for social connections and well-being. Part B results showed that those who used social media less often engaged in more frequent physical activity, which in turn led to more positive affect. This relationship was found for midlife and older adults, but not younger adults. The findings show the benefits of physical activity for well-being and suggest that social media use may dampen efforts to increase social support and physical activity, especially among middle-aged and older adults. Study Two broadened the scope of time and tested the same constructs with a 3-year longitudinal UCNET (UC Berkley Social Networks Study, N = 1,159) dataset. The study included two age groups: 21 to 30 year-olds and 50 to 70 year-olds. Results showed that a greater frequency as well as diversity of communication across modes (in-person, phone, and online) and network members were related to better well-being (more positive affect and less loneliness and stress), and these relationships were mediated by more social support, but not physical activity. To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine network communication mode diversity and its associations with social support, physical activity, and well-being in a large longitudinal sample. Study Two findings suggest directions for future research geared towards further understanding of how frequency and diversity of communication with network members are related to various psychosocial outcomes. As directionality and causal relationships cannot be drawn from the two observational studies, Study Three used a randomized clinical trial intervention study design with a social exergame, Go&Grow, to examine the effects of social technology use by condition (social exergame vs non-social exergame) on well-being, by examining social support and physical activity as mechanisms for midlife and older adults who are family caregivers. Family caregivers often experience a high level of stress, social isolation, a sedentary lifestyle, and poor mental and physical health. There is a vital need for sustainable, scalable, and enjoyable programs to support social, physical, and emotional well-being among family caregivers. Findings showed the treatment group increased significantly in well-being (i.e., caregiver’s management of distress) from pretest to posttest and social support (i.e., satisfaction with contact quality) from baseline to the end of the intervention compared to the control group, consistent with predictions. Both conditions increased in steps and exercise self-efficacy from pretest to posttest, but physical activity did not mediate the relationship between condition and any well-being measures. Condition had an indirect effect on well-being through change in social support. More specifically, those in the treatment group increased more than the control group in satisfaction with contact quality, from baseline to the end of the intervention, which in turn led to more positive affect and less loneliness from pretest to posttest. Social support (change in overall social support and knowing others’ experiences) moderated the relationship between condition and physical activity (percent change in steps), in that those in the treatment group who increased more in overall social support and knowing others' experiences increased their steps more from pretest/baseline to the end of the intervention than those with less support, while the change in steps for the control group was not related to support level. In the treatment group, those who used the social features of the app (social engagement and social comparison) more frequently had a greater increase in physical activity (steps, active minutes, and METs) during the 6-week intervention compared to those who used the social features less often. The results of Study Three suggest potential mechanisms of behavioral change that could be applied to develop more engaging, sustainable, portable, and scalable interventions in the future. The current dissertation contributes to a larger discussion about social technology’s role in the psychosocial needs of aging adults and their overall quality of life. The results fill a gap in the literature by including a wide age range and exploring potential mediators linking social technology and well-being. Findings can be used to guide future work by providing insights and evidence for the underlying mechanisms for future interventions aimed at promoting social support and physical activity and improving well-being.

한 중 대학생들의 SNS활용에 대한 비교연구 : 사회지원과 사회연결을 중심으로

악혜걸 전남대학교 대학원 2012 국내석사

Today, the rapid expansion in Internet access, especially social network sites, provides numerous options and channels for people to express themselves and communitate with others more convenience. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship among social support, social connectedness and SNS usage in bothe Korean and Chinese students. Based on the study's fingdings, we develop guidelines for SNS providers on how to maximize the rate of adoption and analyze the social needs of college students, then analyze how these needs can be better supported through the use of SNS. And we make social support into 4 categories, including information support, emotional support, instrumental support and belonging support. Also, we made social connectedness into frequency of interaction, member closeness and network size. After the survey gathered in the 2 countires, we made a comparison analysis with collected data. Results indicated strong signficance raltionship between social connectedness, social support and SNS usage in Korea while there is no relationship between social connectedness and SNS usage in China.

Study on Online Social Support Behavior towards Emotional Eating

김형준 서울대학교 대학원 2019 국내석사

Emotional eating is an increase in impulsive and emotional food intake that occurs in response to negative emotions. Establishing proper eating habits is one of the critical factors in maintaining good health. However, people with emotional eating experience negative emotions such as stress and helplessness, responds with abnormally increased appetite, resulting in overeating or excessive eating behaviors. Emotional eating does not only contributes to obesity, cardiovascular disease, depression, and other physical and mental illnesses, but it also triggers many eating disorders such as nervous anorexia or bulimia nervosa. Therefore, awareness of emotional eating behavior, and immediate and ongoing observation, diagnosis and management by experts are needed. Nowadays, lots of users with certain disorder participate on online communities, seeking for social support. Social support provided on them are found out to be more effective when the social support seeking and providing behavior makes a match. This study aims to establish a basis for providing adequate feedback to users who show emotional eating symptoms in online communities by analyzing the posts and comments of users, and analyzing their interaction patterns regarding social support seeking and providing behavior. To this end, data from /r/loseit, a group of weight-management subgroups of Reddit, were collected to classify posts with emotional eating symptoms, and to analyze social support seeking and providing behavior of users who displayed emotional eating behaviors through LDA Topic Modeling. Based on these analysis, human coding was performed to investigate patterns of social support provided. The analysis found social support seeking patterns, including expressing negative expression related to emotional eating experiences and sharing information about physical changes or dietary behavior. The patterns of social support on emotional eating behavior showed patterns of emotional support and informational support. The patterns of social support provided were found not to be in an effective way. Based on these results, we suggested the need for a data-driven feedback design which includes consideration for social support seeking type of posts and behavioral patterns to enhance the effectiveness of social support provided in online community. 감정적 식이란 부정적인 감정을 해소하기 위해 발생하는 충동적이고 감정적인 음식물 섭취의 증가 현상을 의미한다. 올바른 식습관을 정립하는 것은 건강을 유지하는 데 있어 중요한 요소 가운데 하나이다. 그러나 감정적 식이 증상을 보이는 사람들은 스트레스, 무력감 등을 비롯한 부정적인 감정을 경험하게 되면 당질 코르티코이드 호르몬의 분비가 촉발되고, 그 결과 식욕이 비정상적으로 증가하면서 폭식이나 무절제한 음식물 섭취 행동을 보인다. 감정적 식이는 비만, 심혈관계 질환, 우울증을 비롯한 여러 육체적, 정신적 질병의 원인이 될 뿐만 아니라 신경성 식욕 부진증이나 병적 과식욕과 같은 여러 이상증상을 촉발한다. 따라서 감정적 식이행동에 대한 자각 및 전문가에 의한 즉각적이고 지속적인 관찰과 진단, 그리고 관리를 필요로 한다. 한편 온라인 커뮤니티는 특정 이상증상이나 질병을 지닌 사용자들에게 사회적 지원을 탐색하고, 또한 다른 사용자들로부터 사회적 지원을 제공받을 수 있는 토대를 제공한다. 온라인 커뮤니티를 통해 사용자들에게 제공된 사회적 지원은 그 양상이 사용자들이 탐색하는 사회적 지원의 양상과 일치할 때 더 효과적인 것으로 보고되었다. 본 연구는 사회적 지원 탐색 및 제공 양상을 중심으로 한 온라인 커뮤니티에서의 게시물과 댓글, 그리고 그 상호작용에 대한 분석을 바탕으로 온라인상에서 감정적 식이 증상을 보이는 사용자에 대한 적절한 피드백을 제공하는 토대를 마련하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 Reddit의 체중감량 subreddit인 /r/loseit의 데이터를 수집하여 감정적 식이 증상을 보이는 게시물에 대한 분류와 LDA 기반 토픽모델링을 통해 감정적 식이행동을 보이는 사용자들의 게시물 및 이에 대한 댓글의 양상을 분석했다. 이후 커뮤니티 내에서 일어나는 사회적 지원 탐색 및 제공행위에 대한 상호작용 양상을 살펴보기 위해 수동 코딩을 실시했다. 분석 결과, 감정적 식이행동을 보이는 게시물에서 부정적인 감정과 연관된 폭식행위, 감정적 식이 이후의 자기혐오 및 좌절감, 신체 변화에 따른 부정적인 감정의 표출 등의 디지털 표현형을 찾아낼 수 있었다. 감정적 식이행동에 대한 피드백의 양상은 주로 체중감량이라는 공동의 목표달성을 위한 격려, 부정적인 감정에 대한 위로와 같은 감정적 접근, 개인적인 경험에 근거한 식습관 관련 조언, 건강정보에 대한 공유 등으로 나타났다. 게시물 및 피드백을 사회적 지원의 차원에서 정보적 차원과 감정적 차원으로 분류한 후 실시한 수동 코딩 결과, 감정적 지원 추구 게시물에 대해 힐난, 비아냥 등으로 구성된 부정적인 감정적 지원의 빈도 및 비중이 높아지고, 정보적 지원의 차원에서는 개인적 경험 등에 기반한 주관적 정보지원이 대부분을 이루는 등 사회적 지원이 효과적인 방식으로 이루어지고 있지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 체중감량 커뮤니티의 목표 달성을 위한 긍정적 감정적 지원 및 보다 전문적인 지식에 기반한 정보적 지원을 제공하는 시스템 차원의 피드백 디자인의 필요성을 제시하였다.

Losing weight together online : how people perceive social support in online weight loss communities

서민향 서울대학교 대학원 2013 국내석사

Questioning the kind of social support that community members perceive through participation in an online weight loss community, this paper focused on the precedent elements of social support at both individual and community levels. Based on network theory, individuals’participation and social relations in egocentric networks as well as communities’ characteristics were discussed as the prerequisites of four types of perceived social support: emotional, appraisal, informational and instrumental supports. As a result of a survey (N=498), it was found that the four types of social support are differentiated in accordance with each of the independent variables. Also individual participation was found to be the most powerful motivator of perceiving any kind of social support, and the level community activeness is the only predicting factor of emotional support among the four types of perceived social supports. In summary it was revealed that the effect of variables on social support at the community level is relatively smaller than the effect of variables at the individual level. Nevertheless, communities' structural characteristics are influential to individuals' perception which can be interpreted as the notion that online communities exist with identities as 'a group' in the perception of the community members, and beyond its function as just a platform.

A Structural Relationship among Perceived Impacts, Satisfaction, and Residents' Support for Tourism Development Including Moderating Effects of Social Capital

박덕병 경희대학교 대학원 2011 국내박사

This study was conducted to theoretically develop and empirically test a structural equation model of residents' support for tourism development. The proposed hypotheses that attempted to identify the structural relationships among the five constructs in the model were examined through a series of analyses in LISREL: 1) perceive positive economic impact, 2) perceived positive environmental impact, 3) perceived negative environmental impact, 4) community satisfaction, 5) residents' support. The principle guideline of this study was that the residents' support for tourism planning and development is a key element for the successful operation, management, and sustainability of tourism destinations. Perceived tourism impact, community satisfaction, and residents' supports have played in important role in rural tourism development and management. A total of 556 usable questionnaires were collected from randomly selected rural residents in the 38 among 825 rural tourism villages in Korea. From the results of hypotheses tests, Rural community satisfaction in tourism development village are a function of not only perceived positive environmental and but also negative environmental impact. The more community satisfaction of residents in tourism community, the more likely they were to support for tourism development. The analyses indicated that social capital moderated the relationship of the negative environmental impact and community satisfaction as well as community satisfaction and residents' support for tourism development. It means that more rural residents perceive negative environmental impacts, less likely to be satisfied with rural tourism development in high social capital group. Secondly whereas community satisfaction in high social capital group affected residents' support for tourism development, community satisfaction did not influence residents' support for tourism development. An additional finding that was not hypothesized indicated that rural residents, who have perceived benefits from tourism development, particularly in its economic aspects, are likely to support for tourism development. The results suggested that most of rural residents except of community leaders and business operators have been marginalized and subordinated to the edge of the tourism development process and that they should be included as major stakeholders in the tourism planning and development process to ensure that social capital is recognized. These results are likely to help rural residents and tourism stakeholders and planners to collect information and plan appropriate strategic plan based on the level of social capital group they prefer to develop.

(A) study on factors affecting AI speaker adoption of the elderly : focusing on the perspective of family's social support

박인영 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2022 국내박사

고령자 대상 AI 스피커 수용에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구 : 자녀의 사회적지지 관점에서 연세대학교 대학원 기술정책협동과정 박인영 COVID-19 이후 생활전반이 디지털 기반으로 전환되고 있는 가운데, 고령자들은 비 대면 서비스 사용에 어려움을 느끼면서 사회적 배제 현상이 발생하고 있다. 노인 단독가구의 증가로 자녀에게 디지털 활용에 대한 도움을 받기가 어려워지면서 이러한 문제는 더욱 심각해지고 있다. 낮은 디지털 정보활용 수준으로 인해 노인들이 생활 서비스 조차 받기 어려운 상황이 발생하였고, 이러한 정보격차는 또 다른 사회적 문제를 야기하고 있다. 배달 앱은 이미 보편화 되었고, 디지털치료제 등 의료 민주화 개념과 함께 의료 비 대면 서비스가 시작되었으며, 금융산업에서는 비용절감 차원의 오프라인 은행점포 지속적으로 축소되고 있다. 비 대면 서비스가 생활 전 영역으로 확산되고 있는 상황에서 고령층이 소외되지 않고 서비스를 사용할 수 있는 사회적 지원체계가 필요하다. 이에 AI 스피커의 쉬운 음성명령 인터페이스와 사회적 지지 기능은 디지털역량이 낮은 고령자들의 이러한 문제에 해결책이 될 수 있을 것이다. 하지만 그 동안 AI 스피커 기술수용 관련 연구는 일반인 대상이 대부분이었고, 고령자 대상 AI 스피커 시장은 일부 지자체에서 취약계층 독거노인 돌봄 실증사업을 준비하며 초기 시장에 머무르고 있는 상황이다. 하지만, 고령자 케어 정책의 보편성을 확보하기 위해서는 민간시장에서 보다 적극적인 활성화 방안이 제시되어 할 것으로 생각한다. 고령자 IT 기기 구매과정에서 자녀의 의사가 많이 개입되고 있는 상황임에도 자녀 관점에서의 기술수용 연구가 부재한 실정이다. 본 연구의 특징은 가구단위 경험속성을 가지고 있는 AI 스피커 구매에 있어 상당한 의사결정권을 가지고 있고, 사회적 지지의 능동적 주체자인 자녀 관점에서 해결방안을 찾고자 한 것이다. 본 연구의 목적은 사회적 지지의 주요 기능인 정서 조력, 정보 조력, 가족간 의사소통과 사회적 영향이 AI 스피커의 수용요인이 되는지 확인하고 자녀 및 부모특성의 조절 효과 분석을 통해 활성화 방안을 찾는 것이다. 이를 위해서 기술수용모델(Technology Acceptance Model: TAM) 이론을 활용하여 모형을 설정하였으며 구조방정식 분석을 통해 모형 검증 및 다중집단 분석을 통해 조절효과를 확인하였다. 본 연구는 젊은 층에 비해 AI 스피커 도입율이 저조한 고령자 시장에서, AI 스피커 수용에 영향을 주는 요인을 자녀의 관점에서 분석하였다. 본 연구의 설문은 60세 이상 부모님을 둔 30세 이상의 자녀 300여명으로 진행하였으며 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정서 조력, 정보 조력, 가족 소통, 사회적 영향은 모두 인지된 유용성을 매개로 추천의도에 영향을 미쳤다. 이는 AI 스피커가 제공하는 사회적 지지 특성은 자녀의 관점에서도 고령자 삶의 질을 높이고 독립적인 삶을 영위하는데 도움이 될 것이라고 인지하는 것을 의미한다. 자녀들이 스마트폰을 구매또는 구매대행 해주듯이, 기업들은 AI 스피커의 자녀대상 서비스 가입이나 마케팅을 준비할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 인지된 용이성은 유용성을 매개로 추천의도에 영향을 미치지 않았으나 직접적으로 추천의도에 영향을 미쳤다. 기술수용에 요구되는 노력을 감수하더라도 사용 니즈가 있기 때문에, 사용촉진을 위한 디지털 조력 학습체계 등의 정책이 수반되어야 한다. 셋째, 정보 조력, 사회적 영향은 인지된 용이성을 매개로 추천의도에 영향을 미쳤으나 정서 조력은 인지된 용이성에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 정보 조력의 용이성을 강화하는 편리한 UX 기술, 다양한 비 대면 서비스를 수용하는 산업적 생태계가 마련되어야 한다. 또한, 용이성 사례를 기반으로 마케팅 전략을 강화할 필요가 있다, 넷째, 추천의도에 영향을 미치는 경로에 있어 가족 동거가구와 노인가구간의 차이점은 유 의미 하였다. 가족 동거 가구에게는 유용성에 더 집중한 서비스 개발 및 마케팅 전략이 효과를 극대화할 수 있으며, 노인가구(배우자 동거 포함)에게는 유용성과 용이성을 동시 지원할 수 있는 학습교육서비스 패키징을 고려한다면 자녀의 추천 및 구매가능성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구의 의의는 AI스피커 수용에 영향을 미치는 요인을 기존 TAM에서 확장하여 자녀의 정서 조력, 정보 조력, 가족소통, 사회적영향 이라는 새로운 변수를 학문적으로 확인한 것이다. 또한, 본 연구결과는 기업의 마케팅 전략 뿐만 아니라 산업적 측면에서 기술시장 발전 및 정책에 기초자료로서 충분한 가치가 있다고 생각한다. 노인 단독가구가 보편화되고 있고, 비 대면 서비스의 일상생활 확산으로 인해 고령자 대상의 지속 가능한 디지털 에이징(Digital Ageing) 전략이 필요한 시점에서, AI 스피커를 통한 고령자 케어 정책에 대한 논의가 촉발될 것으로 기대한다. A Study on Factors Affecting AI Speaker Adoption by the Elderly: Focusing on the perspective of Family's Social Support Inyoung Park The Graduate Program on Technology Policy Yonsei University As the all areas of life is being converted to a digital basis after COVID-19, the elderly are experiencing difficulties in using non face-to-face services such that social exclusion is taking place. This problem is getting more serious as the number of elderly single-person households is increasing and they are unable to receive digital assistance from their family. Due to the low use of digital information by the elderly, it is difficult for them to receive even life services, and this information divide is causing another social problem. Delivery apps have already become common, and medical non face-to-face services have been launched along with the concept of medical democratization, such as digital therapeutics. In a situation where non face-to-face services are spreading to all areas of life, there is a need to have a social support system that allows the elderly to use the services without being alienated. Therefore, the easy voice command interface and social support function of the AI speaker could be a solution to these problems of the elderly with low digital competence. However, most of the research related to technology acceptance of AI speakers is for the benefit of the general public, and the AI speaker market for the elderly stays at the initial market like some local governments' demonstration projects for caring for the vulnerable elderly living alone. However, to secure the universality of the elderly care policy, the researcher thinks that a more active revitalization plan in the private market should be suggested. Although family's opinions are often involved in purchasing IT devices for the elderly, there is no study on technology acceptance from the viewpoint of family. This study's characteristic is finding a solution from the perspective of family, who have considerable decision-making power and are active agents of social support in purchasing AI speakers with household-level experience attributes. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the main functions of social support, such as emotional support, information support, family communication, and social influence, are acceptance factors for AI speakers and to find a way to activate them by analyzing the moderating effect of family and parent characteristics. To this end, a model was established using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) theory, and the moderating effect was confirmed through model verification based on structural equation analysis and multi-group analysis. This study analyzed the factors affecting the acceptance of AI speakers from the viewpoint of family in the silver market, where the adoption rate of AI speakers is lower than that of young people. The survey of this study was conducted with about 300 adult children over 30 years old having parents over 60 years old, and the main research results are as follows. First, emotional support, information support, family communication, and social influence affected intention to recommend through perceived usefulness. This means that even from a family point of view, they perceive that the social support characteristics of AI speakers will improve the quality of life of the elderly and help them lead independent lives. Second, perceived ease of use did not affect intention to recommend through usefulness but directly affected intention to recommend. Third, information support and social influence affected intention to recommend through perceived ease of use, but emotional support did not affect perceived ease of use. Fourth, the difference between the households living together with the family and those living elderly alone(or with spouse) was significant in the path involving the intention to recommend. The significance of this study is to expand the factors influencing acceptance of AI speakers from the existing TAM and confirm variables such as family's emotional support, information support, family communication, and social influence. In addition, the results of this study are considered to be of sufficient value as basic data for the development in technology, policy, industry aspects as well as the company's marketing strategy. Through this, it will be helpful in solving the problem of the exponentially increasing elderly medical expenses by preparing to improve the life quality of the elderly and preventive care for the elderly who are independent and active. At a time when independent households of the elderly are becoming common and sustainable digital aging strategies and policies are needed for successful aging, it is expected that discussions on elderly care policies through AI speakers will be triggered.

중국 대학생의 셀프리더십, 사회적 지지, 대학생활만족도, 진로성숙도의 구조적 관계

소방원 전주대학교 일반대학원 2022 국내박사

The purpose of this study is to reveal the structural relationship among the self-leadership, social support, college satisfaction and career maturity of Chinese college students. In order to achieve the research objectives, the research problems are established as follows: First, what are the differences between the self-leadership, social support, college satisfaction and career maturity based on the background variables(gender, grade, major, circles executive activities, graduation plan, family economic situation) in Chinese universities? Second, what is the structural relationship among the self-leadership, social support, college satisfaction and career maturity of Chinese college students? Third, does social support play a dual intermediate role in the course of self-leadership and college satisfaction with career maturity of Chinese college students? In order to verify the research problems and to get a accurate results, a survey question was distributed to 620 university students in Hangzhou City, Xingtai City, Handan City, Beijing City. 602 copies were recovered, and 16 non-response or insincere responses were excluded and 586 copies were analyzed. To analyze whether the study model conforms to the hypothesis, SPSS version 25.0 was used, t-test, F-test, one-way ANOVA, factor analysis, and correlation analysis. The structural models based on the previous researches, and the relationship was confirmed by conducting confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model analysis used AMOS 25.0. The bootstrapping method was used to analyze the mediating effects of self-leadership with college satisfaction and career maturity. The results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of analyzing differences in self-leadership, social support, college satisfaction and career maturity according to background variables of Chinese universities' students, self-leadership is statistically significant depending on gender, circles executive activities and family economic situation. Social Support had statistically significant differences depending on gender, circles executive activities and family economic situation. The sense of efficacy of students was statistically significant depending on gender, grade, graduation plan and family economic situation. Career Maturity had statistically significant differences depending on gender, circles executive activities, graduation plan and family economic situation. Second, an analysis of the structural relationships between self-leadership, social support, college satisfaction and career maturity of Chinese college students, showed that self-leadership have shown a positive effect on social support. Self-leadership has been shown to have a positive effect on college satisfaction. Self-leadership has been shown to have a positive effect on career maturity. Social support has a positive effect on college satisfaction. Social support has a positive effect on career maturity. Third, as a result of analyzing the mediating effects of social support in the process of self-leadership with Chinese students' college satisfaction and career maturity, self-leadership has a significant (+) influence on college satisfaction through the mediating role of social support. Students' self-leadership has a significant (+) influence on career maturity through the mediating role of social support.