사용빈도가 높은 다의어의 기억: 핵 의미와 주변 의미 그리고 “추측하기”

이은정 숙명여자대학교 TESOL대학원 2006 국내석사

Studies on acquisition of polysemous words have shown that providing students with a core sense would help them guess and understand the more abstract sense of a word. However, the target items used in previous experiments were low frequency words for advanced learners. Thus, this study investigates the effect of providing core sense on guessing strategies among beginning level learners, employing high frequency words as target items. This study also investigates how strength of links between senses affects the retention of the target senses of polysemous words. The results show that the effect of core sense on guessing was not significant, but the subjects who were provided with core sense recalled better the extended senses than those provided with peripheral sense. This suggests that strong links between core sense and the target senses reinforce retention by helping learners become aware of the meaning relations of a word. 다의어 습득에 관한 연구들을 살펴보면, 학생들에게 핵 의미(core sense)를 주면 그들이 보다 추상적인 의미를 추측하고 이해하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다고 밝히고 있다. 하지만, 이전 연구에서 사용된 단어들은 모두 상급자를 위한 사용빈도가 낮은 다의어들(low frequency polysemous words)이었다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 초급자를 대상으로 빈도가 높은 다의어를 사용했을 때 핵 의미를 제공하는 것이 다의어 습득에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 알아보는 것이다. 이 실험은 또한 의미들 간의 연결상태의 강도가 기억에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지도 검토하였다. 실험 결과, 핵 의미가 추측하기에 미친 영향은 극미했으나 기억실험에서는 핵 의미가 주어진 집단이 주변 의미(peripheral sense)가 주어진 집단보다 우수한 결과를 나타냈다. 이 결과는 핵 의미가 단어의 의미 관계에 대한 인지를 높여 기억을 강화했기 때문으로 해석될 수 있다

河北省 青縣방언 어휘 연구

Zhang, Hongwei 중앙대학교 대학원 2022 국내박사

중국의 각 방언은 古代부터 오랜 세월을 거치면서 지역적, 사회적 차이로 인해 현재 중국에 존재하고 있는 다양하고 복잡한 방언이 형성되었다. 방언은 한 지역의 언어 교재일 뿐만 아니라 그 지역의 역사 발전, 사회 심리 변화, 풍속 민정, 사유방식에 대한 기록이라고 할 수 있다. 방언 연구는 해당 지역을 이해하기 위해 필수불가결한 요소이며, 한어 발전의 과정과 변천 규칙을 이해하고 연구하는 데 큰 도움을 줄 수 있다. 그동안 이루어진 연구 결과를 보면 한어 방언에 대한 연구는 지금까지 주로 어음 위주로 진행하였는데, 어휘 연구는 취약한 부분이라고 할 수 있다. 특히 보통화의 기초방언인 북방방언은 다른 방언에 비해 보통화와 유사한 점이 많아서 연구 가치가 떨어진다고 여겨져 연구에 많은 관심을 불러일으키지 못하는 상황이다. 青縣방언은 북방방언의 한 갈래인데, 현재 학계에서는 青縣방언에 대한 묘사와 연구가 아직 제대로 시작되지 않았을 정도로 제한적이며, 어휘학의 관점에서 학술적으로 깊이 있게 탐구한 연구도 역시 없다고 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 북방방언에 속한 冀魯官話의 어휘 가운데 하나인 青縣방언 어휘를 연구 대상으로 삼고 현지답사를 진행하여 전면적으로 조사하고 기록하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 青縣방언에 대한 전반적인 묘사와 연구를 진행하였다. 제1장에서는 青縣방언 어휘 연구의 동기와 목적 그리고 본고의 연구 내용과 연구 방법을 제시하고 青縣방언의 지리적 구분과 역사적 배경에 대해 살펴보았다. 제2장에서는 普通話와 비교를 통해서 青縣방언의 단어를 구성하는 형태소의 특징을 제시하였다. 또한, 青縣방언에서 사용되는 접두사와 접미사의 특징을 분석하여 보통화와 다른 青縣방언 접사의 구성상 특징을 살펴보았다. 제3장에서는 靑縣방언의 어휘 조어법을 직접적 조어법과 간접적 조어법 두 가지 측면으로 나누어 분석하였고, 이를 통해 靑縣방언 어휘 조어법의 특징을 밝혔다. 제4장에서는 동의 관계, 반의 관계, 다의 관계 세 측면에서 靑縣방언 어휘를 분석하였으며 동시에 보통화와 비교를 통해서 靑縣방언 동의어, 반의어, 다의어의 특징을 밝혔다. 또한, 언어학적 관점에서 靑縣방언 동의어, 반의어, 다의어에 대한 이론적인 분석을 시도해 보았다. 제5장에서는 통시적으로 青縣방언 어휘를 검토하여 青縣방언 어휘의 형성에 대하여 분석하였다. 青縣방언 어휘는 그 형성에 있어서 크게 세 가지로 나눠진다고 볼 수 있는데, 고대 한어로부터 현대의 青縣방언 어휘 속에 그대로 남아 계속 사용되는 전승사(傳承詞), 고대 한어가 발전하는 과정에서 의미항의 변화가 생기게 된 변이사(變異詞), 근대 한어 발전의 기초 위에 어휘화 방식을 통해 굳어져 이루어진 방언사(方言詞)가 있다. 이 장에서는 青縣방언 어휘의 형성을 위의 세 가지 분류에 의하여 나누어 보고, 어휘 형성 과정을 예를 들어 설명해 보았다. 제6장에서는 青縣방언 어휘와 기타 다른 방언 지역 어휘를 비교하고 분석하였다. 먼저 青縣방언 어휘와 河北省 內의 대표적인 방언 지점 어휘를 비교한 다음에 青縣방언 어휘와 중국 7대 방언 어휘를 비교하고 분석하였다. 이를 통해 青縣방언 어휘와 河北省 內 다른 대표적인 방언 지역 어휘 및 중국 7대 방언 어휘의 원근친소(遠近親疏) 관계를 알아보고, 다양한 어휘 간의 원근친소(遠近親疏) 관계가 나타나는 원인을 분석해 보았다. 제7장은 결론 부분으로, 본 논문의 연구 결과를 총괄적으로 요약하였다. 전체적으로 보았을 때 青縣방언 어휘는 보통화와 공통점도 있지만, 여러 방면에서 보통화와 다르고 자신의 독특한 특징을 가지고 있는 지역 방언이다. Although all the dialects of China come from the same common language, the various and complex dialects that exist in China have been formed due to regional and social differences over a long period of time since ancient times. Dialect is not only a tool for regional communication, but also a record of the development of history, changes in social psychology, customs, and ways of thinking. The study of regional dialects is an essential element to truly understand a region, and can be a great help in understanding and studying the process and rules of the development of the Chinese language. Judging from the current research results, the research on Chinese dialects is mainly focused on phonetics, while the research on vocabulary is still very weak. In particular, the northern dialect, which is the basic dialect of Mandarin, has many similarities to Mandarin compared to other dialects, so it is considered to have less research value, and thus does not attract much interest in research. Qingxian dialect is a branch of northern dialect. The description and research of Qingxian dialect in academic circles has not yet begun. It can be said that there is no in-depth exploration and research from the perspective of lexicology. This paper takes the Qingxian dialect vocabulary that belongs to the northern dialect as the research object. Through field investigation, the Qingxian dialect had been comprehensively investigated and recorded, and on this basis, the Qingxian dialect vocabulary had been described and researched. In Chapter 1, firstly we described the research purpose, research content and research methods of the paper, and then introduced the geographical features and historical background of Qingxian County. In Chapter 2, the characteristics of the morphemes of Qingxian dialect's vocabulary are revealed through comparison with Mandarin. In addition, by analyzing the characteristics of prefixes and suffixes used in the Qingxian dialect, the compositional characteristics of affixes in the Qingxian dialect different from the Mandarin were examined. In Chapter 3, we analyzed the lexical formulation of the Qingxian dialect by dividing it into two aspects: the direct formulation and the indirect formulation. Chapter 4 mainly analyzed the synonyms, antonyms and polysemous words in Qingxian dialect. Through comparison with Mandarin, it fully reveals the characteristics of synonyms, antonyms and polysemous words in Qingxian dialect. And from a linguistic point of view, the relationship between meanings of Qingxian dialect is analyzed. Chapter 5 investigated the ancient Chinese vocabularies in Qingxian dialect and according to the actual situation of their inheritance from ancient Chinese to have the sorting and obtain the inheritance, variation and development law of Qingxian dialect and ancient Chinese words. Chapter 6 compared and analyzed the vocabularies of the Qingxian dialect and the vocabularies of other dialects. This chapter is divided into two sections for the comparison. The first section is the comparison between Qingxian dialect vocabulary and the other dialects in Hebei Province. The second section is the comparison of Qingxian dialect vocabulary and the representative dialect vocabulary of seven dialects. Chapter 7 is a conclusion, which summarized the results of the discussion in this paper. Overall, the Qingxian dialect vocabulary has something in common with Mandarin, but it is different from the Mandarin in many ways and is a regional dialect with its own unique characteristics.

河北省 ?縣방언 어휘 연구

장홍웨이 중앙대학교 대학원 2022 국내박사

Although all the dialects of China come from the same common language, the various and complex dialects that exist in China have been formed due to regional and social differences over a long period of time since ancient times. Dialect is not only a tool for regional communication, but also a record of the development of history, changes in social psychology, customs, and ways of thinking. The study of regional dialects is an essential element to truly understand a region, and can be a great help in understanding and studying the process and rules of the development of the Chinese language. Judging from the current research results, the research on Chinese dialects is mainly focused on phonetics, while the research on vocabulary is still very weak. In particular, the northern dialect, which is the basic dialect of Mandarin, has many similarities to Mandarin compared to other dialects, so it is considered to have less research value, and thus does not attract much interest in research. Qingxian dialect is a branch of northern dialect. The description and research of Qingxian dialect in academic circles has not yet begun. It can be said that there is no in-depth exploration and research from the perspective of lexicology. This paper takes the Qingxian dialect vocabulary that belongs to the northern dialect as the research object. Through field investigation, the Qingxian dialect had been comprehensively investigated and recorded, and on this basis, the Qingxian dialect vocabulary had been described and researched. In Chapter 1, firstly we described the research purpose, research content and research methods of the paper, and then introduced the geographical features and historical background of Qingxian County. In Chapter 2, the characteristics of the morphemes of Qingxian dialect's vocabulary are revealed through comparison with Mandarin. In addition, by analyzing the characteristics of prefixes and suffixes used in the Qingxian dialect, the compositional characteristics of affixes in the Qingxian dialect different from the Mandarin were examined. In Chapter 3, we analyzed the lexical formulation of the Qingxian dialect by dividing it into two aspects: the direct formulation and the indirect formulation. Chapter 4 mainly analyzed the synonyms, antonyms and polysemous words in Qingxian dialect. Through comparison with Mandarin, it fully reveals the characteristics of synonyms, antonyms and polysemous words in Qingxian dialect. And from a linguistic point of view, the relationship between meanings of Qingxian dialect is analyzed. Chapter 5 investigated the ancient Chinese vocabularies in Qingxian dialect and according to the actual situation of their inheritance from ancient Chinese to have the sorting and obtain the inheritance, variation and development law of Qingxian dialect and ancient Chinese words. Chapter 6 compared and analyzed the vocabularies of the Qingxian dialect and the vocabularies of other dialects. This chapter is divided into two sections for the comparison. The first section is the comparison between Qingxian dialect vocabulary and the other dialects in Hebei Province. The second section is the comparison of Qingxian dialect vocabulary and the representative dialect vocabulary of seven dialects. Chapter 7 is a conclusion, which summarized the results of the discussion in this paper. Overall, the Qingxian dialect vocabulary has something in common with Mandarin, but it is different from the Mandarin in many ways and is a regional dialect with its own unique characteristics. 중국의 각 방언은 古代부터 오랜 세월을 거치면서 지역적, 사회적 차이로 인해 현재 중국에 존재하고 있는 다양하고 복잡한 방언이 형성되었다. 방언은 한 지역의 언어 교재일 뿐만 아니라 그 지역의 역사 발전, 사회 심리 변화, 풍속 민정, 사유방식에 대한 기록이라고 할 수 있다. 방언 연구는 해당 지역을 이해하기 위해 필수불가결한 요소이며, 한어 발전의 과정과 변천 규칙을 이해하고 연구하는 데 큰 도움을 줄 수 있다. 그동안 이루어진 연구 결과를 보면 한어 방언에 대한 연구는 지금까지 주로 어음 위주로 진행하였는데, 어휘 연구는 취약한 부분이라고 할 수 있다. 특히 보통화의 기초방언인 북방방언은 다른 방언에 비해 보통화와 유사한 점이 많아서 연구 가치가 떨어진다고 여겨져 연구에 많은 관심을 불러일으키지 못하는 상황이다. 青縣방언은 북방방언의 한 갈래인데, 현재 학계에서는 青縣방언에 대한 묘사와 연구가 아직 제대로 시작되지 않았을 정도로 제한적이며, 어휘학의 관점에서 학술적으로 깊이 있게 탐구한 연구도 역시 없다고 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 북방방언에 속한 冀魯官話의 어휘 가운데 하나인 青縣방언 어휘를 연구 대상으로 삼고 현지답사를 진행하여 전면적으로 조사하고 기록하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 青縣방언에 대한 전반적인 묘사와 연구를 진행하였다. 제1장에서는 青縣방언 어휘 연구의 동기와 목적 그리고 본고의 연구 내용과 연구 방법을 제시하고 青縣방언의 지리적 구분과 역사적 배경에 대해 살펴보았다. 제2장에서는 普通話와 비교를 통해서 青縣방언의 단어를 구성하는 형태소의 특징을 제시하였다. 또한, 青縣방언에서 사용되는 접두사와 접미사의 특징을 분석하여 보통화와 다른 青縣방언 접사의 구성상 특징을 살펴보았다. 제3장에서는 靑縣방언의 어휘 조어법을 직접적 조어법과 간접적 조어법 두 가지 측면으로 나누어 분석하였고, 이를 통해 靑縣방언 어휘 조어법의 특징을 밝혔다. 제4장에서는 동의 관계, 반의 관계, 다의 관계 세 측면에서 靑縣방언 어휘를 분석하였으며 동시에 보통화와 비교를 통해서 靑縣방언 동의어, 반의어, 다의어의 특징을 밝혔다. 또한, 언어학적 관점에서 靑縣방언 동의어, 반의어, 다의어에 대한 이론적인 분석을 시도해 보았다. 제5장에서는 통시적으로 青縣방언 어휘를 검토하여 青縣방언 어휘의 형성에 대하여 분석하였다. 青縣방언 어휘는 그 형성에 있어서 크게 세 가지로 나눠진다고 볼 수 있는데, 고대 한어로부터 현대의 青縣방언 어휘 속에 그대로 남아 계속 사용되는 전승사(傳承詞), 고대 한어가 발전하는 과정에서 의미항의 변화가 생기게 된 변이사(變異詞), 근대 한어 발전의 기초 위에 어휘화 방식을 통해 굳어져 이루어진 방언사(方言詞)가 있다. 이 장에서는 青縣방언 어휘의 형성을 위의 세 가지 분류에 의하여 나누어 보고, 어휘 형성 과정을 예를 들어 설명해 보았다. 제6장에서는 青縣방언 어휘와 기타 다른 방언 지역 어휘를 비교하고 분석하였다. 먼저 青縣방언 어휘와 河北省 內의 대표적인 방언 지점 어휘를 비교한 다음에 青縣방언 어휘와 중국 7대 방언 어휘를 비교하고 분석하였다. 이를 통해 青縣방언 어휘와 河北省 內 다른 대표적인 방언 지역 어휘 및 중국 7대 방언 어휘의 원근친소(遠近親疏) 관계를 알아보고, 다양한 어휘 간의 원근친소(遠近親疏) 관계가 나타나는 원인을 분석해 보았다. 제7장은 결론 부분으로, 본 논문의 연구 결과를 총괄적으로 요약하였다. 전체적으로 보았을 때 青縣방언 어휘는 보통화와 공통점도 있지만, 여러 방면에서 보통화와 다르고 자신의 독특한 특징을 가지고 있는 지역 방언이다.

การขยายความหมายของคำกริยาแสดงการเคลื่อนที่ “ผ่าน” ในภาษาไทย

노흠휘 韓國外國語大學校 大學院 2020 국내석사

The purpose of this thesis is to study the meaning extension and cognitive mechanisms that lead to meaning extension based on the embodiment through the analysis of motion verb /phàan/ ‘pass’ in Thai. Moreover, this study is based on the theories of cognitive semantics which mainly uses embodiment, polysemy based on prototype categorization, structure of polysemous word and cognitive mechanisms of meaning extension, including conceptual metaphor, subjectification. The data used in this study came from two sources: the secondary data from the Thai National Corpus, and primary data from Thai language professionals and Thai native speakers in order to determine which meaning of motion verb /phàan/ ‘pass’ is the most prototypical meaning. The results demonstrated the structure of polysemy of motion verb /phàan/ ‘pass’ consists of prototypical meaning and central meaning, which express physical and concrete motion and extension meaning, which expresses abstract motion and subjective motion. Of them, extension meaning is extended from prototypical meaning by cognitive mechanisms, including conceptual metaphor and subjectification. Prototype effect is shown among all kinds of meanings, i.e. even though the status of each meaning is asymmetric, the family resemblance between category members is still used to determine the systematic relationship between meanings of motion verb /phàan/ ‘pass’. In addition, other results showed that motion verb /phàan/ ‘pass’ has two types of meaning extension: (1) the meaning extened from concrete motion to abstract motion caused by conceptual metaphor, this type of meaning extension is corresponding to the Invariance Hypothesis of Lakoff; (2) the meaning extened from objective motion to subjective motion caused by subjectification. All the results proved the cognitive creativity of Thai people when they use motion verb /phàan/ ‘pass’ to conceptualize some concepts which are unrelated to motion. It is the one of the reasons for meaning extension which which makes Thai motion verb /phàan/ ‘pass’ become polysemous word. งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาการขยายความหมายของคำกริยาแสดง การเคลื่อนที่ “ผ่าน” ในภาษาไทยและกลไกทางปริชานที่เป็นเหตุจูงใจผลักดันให้เกิดการขยายความหมายบนพื้นฐานการสร้างมโนทัศน์ประสบการณ์ทางกาย ซึ่งเป็นการศึกษาตามแนวอรรถศาสตร์ปริชาน โดยนำประเด็นที่เกี่ยวกับการสร้างมโนทัศน์จากประสบการณ์ทางกาย ปรากฏการณ์พหุนัยที่อิงกับการจัดกลุ่มแบบต้นแบบ โครงสร้างความหมายของคำพหุนัย อุปลักษณ์เชิงมโนทัศน์และการกลายเป็นอัตวิสัยเป็นกรอบแนวคิดในการศึกษา ส่วนข้อมูลที่นำมาใช้ในการศึกษามีที่มาจากคลังข้อมูลภาษาแห่งชาติ ในพระราชูปถัมภ์สมเด็จพระเทพรัตนราชสุดาฯ สยามบรมราชกุมารี ซึ่งเป็นข้อมูลข้อมูลทุติยภูมิ และมีข้อมูลอีกส่วนหนึ่งได้มาจากการสอบถามผู้เชี่ยวชาญทางด้านภาษาไทยและผู้ใช้ภาษาไทยเป็นภาษาแม่ ซึ่งข้อมูลปฐมภูมิเพื่อนำมากำหนดความหมายที่เป็นต้นแบบมากที่สุดของคำว่า “ผ่าน” ผลการศึกษาพบว่า คำกริยาแสดงการเคลื่อนที่ “ผ่าน” ในภาษาไทยสามารถขยายความหมายโดยจำแนกเป็นประเภทต่าง ๆ ได้แก่ ความหมายต้นแบบและความหมายศูนย์กลางโดยความหมายประเภทดังกล่าวแสดงความหมายที่เกี่ยวกับการเคลื่อนที่เชิงกายภาพและรูปธรรม ส่วนความหมายที่ขยายที่เกิดจากกลไกอุปลักษณ์เชิงมโนทัศน์กับกลไกการกลายเป็นอัตวิสัยนั้นแสดงความหมายที่เกี่ยวกับการเคลื่อนที่เชิงนามธรรมและความหมายของการเคลื่อนที่เชิงอัตวิสัย ความหมายประเภทต่าง ๆ เหล่านี้สามารถแสดงให้ถึงผลของต้นแบบ กล่าวคือ แม้ว่าความหมายประเภทต่าง ๆ มีฐานะที่ไม่เท่าเทียม แต่ก็สามารถเชื่อมโยงหาความสัมพันธ์ที่เป็นระบบกันได้โดยมีความคล้ายคลึงกันเป็นครอบครัวระหว่างความหมายต่าง ๆ ในโครงสร้างความหมายของคำว่า “ผ่าน” อีกทั้งจากการศึกษาลักษณะการขยายความหมายของคำว่า “ผ่าน” พบว่า คำว่า “ผ่าน” มีการขยายความหมายสองแนวโน้มหลัก ได้แก่ การขยายจากการเคลื่อนที่เชิงรูปธรรมไปยังการเคลื่อนที่เชิงนามธรรมโดยผ่านกลไกอุปลักษณ์เชิงมโนทัศน์ โดยลักษณะการขยายความหมายดังกล่าวสอดคล้องกับสมมุติฐานไม่แปรปรวนที่เสนอโดย Lakoff และการขยายจากการเคลื่อนที่วัตถุวิสัยไปยังการเคลื่อนที่เชิงอัตวิสัยโดยกลไกการกลายเป็นอัตวิสัย ทั้งหมดนี้แสดงถึงความสร้างสรรค์ทางปริชานของคนไทยในการใช้คำกริยาแสดงการเคลื่อนที่ “ผ่าน” ในการสร้างมโนทัศน์อื่น ๆ ที่ไม่เกี่ยวข้องกับการเคลื่อนที่ ถือได้ว่าเป็นสาเหตุที่ก่อให้เกิดการขยายความหมายและทำให้คำว่า “ผ่าน” กลายเป็นคำพหุนัยที่แสดงปรากฏการณ์พหุนัย

한국어 교재의 다의어 의미 분석에 대한 연구 : 동사 다의어를 중심으로

이효경 연세대학교 교육대학원 2016 국내석사

This study aims to analyse the educational status of polysemous words in Korean textbooks focused on the most frequently used polysemous verbs and propose the polysemous verbs teaching method based on the result of the study. In Chapter 1, the purpose, necessity and previous literature of the study and proposes research questions were revealed. Literature review were divided into three categories including studies related to polysemous verbs, polysemous nouns and studies related to polysemous words education according to the language group. In Chapter 2, balanced corpus, raw corpus, tagged corpus were examined, and the theory of polysemy and lexical collocations were summarized to define the concept of basic meaning, extended meaning, collocation, collocate for this study. In Chapter 3, Korean language textbook corpus and balanced corpus as research subject are revealed. The selection of the most frequently used polysemous verbs, ‘하다, 보다, 가다, 되다, 오다’ was explained and proposes methods and procedures of analyzing the meaning, meaning frequency and collocation of the 5 selected verbs. In Chapter 4, the configuration of collocation of the 5 verbs in Korean language textbooks and divides meaning of each verbs were first analyzed. Then, meaning frequency of the 5 verbs was analysed from Korean language corpus and balanced corpus. Finally, the aspects of meaning presentation of the five verbs were analysed according to the proficiency in Korean language textbooks. In Chapter 5, suggestions that can be applied to the Korean education field were proposed based on the result of the study. The suggestions include application of the configuration of collocation in teaching plan, supplementation of meaning in Korean language textbooks and presentation of meaning by proficiency level in Korean language textbooks. Chapter 6 summarizes and concludes the study and discusses limitation of the study. This study result provides useful resources for both Korean language instructors and Korean language textbook publisher. 본 연구는 한국어 교재에서 사용 빈도가 높은 동사 다의어를 선정하여 한국어 교재에서의 다의어 교육 현황을 분석하고 분석 결과를 활용한 다의어 교육 방안을 제시하는 데에 목적이 있다. 1장에서는 지금까지의 다의어 연구가 일부 동사와 명사에 대한 연구, 학습자의 언어권별 다의어 교육에 대한 연구 중심이었다는 점을 바탕으로 한국인들이 사용하는 다의어의 의미가 한국어 교재에 적절히 반영되어 있는지를 분석하는 연구의 필요성에 대해 언급하였다. 2장에서는 본 연구를 위해 필요한 균형 말뭉치, 원시 말뭉치, 주석 말뭉치에 대해 살펴보았다. 또한 다의어와 연어에 대한 선행 연구를 정리하여 본 연구에서 다루고자 하는 기본의미, 확장의미, 연어구성, 연어의 개념을 정의하였다. 3장에서는 연구대상으로 삼은 한국어 교재 말뭉치와 균형 말뭉치를 제시하였다. 그리고 한국어 교재 말뭉치에서 사용 빈도가 높은 동사 다의어를 선정하기 위해 ‘UTagger’와 ‘Excel’의 ‘피벗 테이블’ 기능을 사용하여 다의어 ‘하다, 보다, 가다, 되다, 오다’를 선정하는 과정을 밝혔다. 또한 ‘Antconc’를 사용하여 연어구성을 분석하고 ‘Editplus’와 ‘Excel’을 활용하여 5개 동사의 의미와 의미 빈도를 분석하는 방법 및 절차를 제시하였다. 4장에서는 3장의 분석 방법 및 절차에 따라 분석한 결과를 정리하였다. 첫째, 한국어 교재에 나타난 5개 동사의 연어구성을 분석하여 각 동사의 의미 항목을 나누고 의미 항목별로 어떠한 연어구성이 주로 나타나는지 분석하였다. 둘째, 한국어 교재 말뭉치와 균형 말뭉치에서 5개 동사의 의미 항목별 빈도를 분석하였다. 셋째, 한국어 교재의 등급별로 5개 동사의 의미 제시 양상을 분석하였다. 동사의 각 의미가 한국어 교재의 어떤 등급에서 처음 제시되는지 교재별로 비교하고 한국어 교재의 등급별로 동사의 어떤 의미까지 제시되는지 분석하였다. 5장에서는 분석한 결과를 바탕으로 한국어교육에서 활용할 수 있는 방안에 대해 제시하였다. ‘보다’의 연어구성을 활용한 수업 방안, 한국어 교재에서 제시하는 의미 항목의 보완 방안, 한국어 교재의 등급별로 ‘되다’의 의미 항목을 제시하는 방법을 다루었다. 6장에서는 ‘균형 말뭉치’에 나타난 의미 빈도를 참고하여 한국인들이 사용하는 다의어의 의미가 한국어 교재에 잘 반영될 수 있도록 해야 하고 등급별 연계성을 고려하여 의미 항목을 제시해야 한다는 결론을 언급하였다. 앞서 살펴본 것처럼 본 연구는 한국어 교재에서의 다의어 교육 현황을 분석하였다. 이러한 분석 결과는 한국어 수업을 하는 교사에게 적절한 참고 자료를 제시해 줄 수 있으며 교재 편찬자들에게도 교재 편찬의 방향을 제시해 줄 수 있을 것이다.

多義語 意味擴大의 認知論的 分析

이창희 慶北大學校 1997 국내박사

한국어 다의어 교육을 위한 의미 확장에 관한 연구 : 기본 동사 '먹다', '보다', '가다'를 중심으로

홍진혁 서울大學校 大學院 2009 국내석사

中世國語의 多義語 硏究 : 固有語를 中心으로

김태곤 中央大學校 1990 국내박사

중국 한국어 학습자를 위한 다의 동사 ‘붙이다’와 ‘떼다’의 인지언어학적 연구 : 다의 체계와 반의관계를 중심으로

WANG, YING 경희대학교 대학원 2022 국내석사

본 연구에서는 인지언어학의 관점으로 다의 동사 ‘붙이다’와 ‘떼다’의 다의 체계를 분석한 뒤 비등급적 반의관계에 대해 분석하는 데에 목적을 두고 있다. 실제 말뭉치용례 분석을 통해 다의 동사 ‘붙이다’와 ‘떼다’의 의미의 분포와 용법을 체계적으로 분석하고 두 어휘의 원형 의미로부터 의미 확장 양상을 살펴보고자 한다. 그리고 반의어로서의 ‘붙이다’와 ‘떼다’의 반의관계는 언제나 성립되는 것이 아니다. 따라서 의미의 대응 관계상 어떤 비대칭성을 갖고 있지도 살펴볼 것이다. 1장에서는 연구의 목적, 최근에 인지언어학의 관점으로 한국어 다의 동사에 관한 기존 연구와 어휘의 반의관계의 비대칭성 및 반의관계를 이용한 한국어 교육에 관한 연구를 살펴보고 구체적으로 연구의 대상 및 방법을 제시하였다. 2장은 ‘붙이다’와 ‘떼다’의 다의 체계를 분석할 때 이용한 이론적 배경이다. 다의어의 개념, 의미 구조, 의미 확장의 방향을 제시하고 원형 의미를 선정할 때 이용한 원형이론, 의미 확장의 기제인 개념적 은유와 환유, 마지막으로 영상도식 이론을 제시하였다. 3장은 우선 동사 ‘붙이다’와 ‘떼다’의 대표적인 사전『표준』,『고려』,『연세』 3권을 참고하여 사전적 뜻풀이를 정리하였다. 각 사전에서 제시된 의미 항목수, 순서, 비슷한 의미에 대한 기술법이 다르고 단어의 문자적 의미와 비유적 의미는 오직 나열식으로 제시되기 때문에 의미 간의 규칙성을 찾는 것이 쉽지 않다. 그래서 사전 편찬의 한계점을 고려해 동사 ‘붙이다’와 ‘떼다’의 의미 체계를 분석할 때 연세 20세기 말뭉치자료 중의 신문말뭉치를 조사하여 의미의 사용 빈도와 공기 관계를 분석하였다. 또한 인지의미론의 관점으로 ‘붙이다’와 ‘떼다’의 의미 확장 과정이 어떻게 이루어지는 것인지를 분석한 뒤 의미망 형식으로 구현하였다. 4장에서는 3장의 분석 결과를 바탕으로 비등급적 반의관계를 가지는 ‘붙이다’와 ‘떼다’의 사용 빈도의 비대칭성과 의미 대응의 비대칭성을 고찰하였다. 즉, 크게 두 단어의 반의관계가 성립된 경우와 성립될 수 없는 경우로 나눠서 논의하였다. 결론에서는 앞에서 논의한 내용을 정리하고 본 논문의 의미와 앞으로 연구해야 할 방향을 제시하였다. In this study, the purpose of this study is to analyze the polysemy of the polysemous word ‘attach’ and ‘take off’ from the perspective of cognitive linguistics and then analyze the non-grade antipathy. Through the analysis of actual corpus use cases, the distribution and use of the meanings of the plural verbs ‘attach’ and ‘take off’ are systematically analyzed, and the extension of meaning from the original meaning of the two vocabulary words is examined. And the anti-relationship between ‘attach’ and ‘take off’ as an antonym is not always established. Therefore, we will also look at what asymmetry it has in the corresponding relationship of meaning. Chapter 1 examines the purpose of the study, and recently, existing research on Korean multi-verb verbs from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, asymmetry of vocabulary, and Korean language education using antipathy, and specifically presents the subject and method of the study. Chapter 2 is the theoretical background used to analyze the multi-system of ‘attach’ and ‘take off’. The concept, semantic structure, and direction of semantic expansion were presented, and the circular theory used to select the circular meaning, conceptual metaphors and metaphors, and finally, the theory of image schematic, were presented. Chapter 3 first summarizes the dictionary meaning by referring to the three representative dictionaries of the verbs ‘attach’ and ‘take off’. It is not easy to find regularity between meanings because the number of semantic items, order, and similar meanings presented in each dictionary are different and the literal and figurative meanings of words are presented only in a list. Therefore, when analyzing the semantic system of the verbs ‘attach’ and ‘take off’ considering the limitations of dictionary compilation, the newspaper corpus in the 20th century was investigated to analyze the frequency of use of meaning and the air relationship. In addition, from the perspective of cognitive aesthetics, it was implemented in the form of a semantic network after analyzing how the process of expanding the meaning of ‘attach’ and ‘take off’ was performed. In Chapter 4, based on the analysis results of Chapter 3, the asymmetry of the frequency of use of ‘attach’ and ‘take off’ with a non-grade half relationship and the asymmetry of meaning response were examined. In other words, the discussion was largely divided into cases where the half relationship between the two words was established and cases where it could not be established. In the conclusion, the contents discussed above were summarized, and the meaning of this paper and the direction to be studied in the future were presented.

영어 다의어 교수에 있어서 일반의미 방략

류웅달 부산대학교 1988 국내박사