노인의 문화예술교육을 통한 문화예술 참여 활성화 방안 질적 연구 : 강원도 원주시 '6090청춘합창단' 사례를 중심으로

엄소라 중앙대학교 예술대학원 2021 국내석사

This research has a purpose to explore the solution in revitalizing the participation of culture and arts in regional level for the elderly via case studying the '6090 Youth Choir' in Wonju, Gangwondo, which is a selected program as a part of the ‘Culture and Arts Supporting Scheme’ by Korean Culture and Arts Centers Association (KOCACA). Research questions are as follows.  1. What is the positive factor of participating in culture & arts education programs for the elderly? 2. How has the form of participation in culture & arts for the elderly been changed in regions over time? 3. What are the current issues in order to achieve revitalising culture & arts education and what is the solution? In order to fulfil the questions above, the researcher acquired the basic date through the questionnaires that were executed with 36 members of '6090 Youth Choir' along with the person in charge of the program on April 21, 2021. Then the individual in-depth interviews were conducted twice for 3 weeks between April 28, 2021 and May 19, 2021 with 6 voluntary interviewees among the 36 participants of the program. The result of the research is as follows.  The elderly's participation in cultural and arts education starts from the passion for arts education along with longings for arts. It tends to have a virtuous cycle that the prior culture and arts education leads to the next participation in such education. The elderly gain their confidence and self-esteem through this education which creates the desire of enjoying more culture and art. This then leads them to maintain the health and energy which improves their quality of life. In addition, by curating the elderly focused culture and art education, it is shown that the elderly start to create their own work participating in regional culture and arts events with it. It means that the role of the elderly in society can grow as well as accomplishing revitalizing their arts and culture.  However, as Korea is already experiencing an aging society, culture and art education for the elderly has not achieved the milestones of the positive changes. Especially in Gangwon-do region where the percentage of the elderly is relatively high yet lacking the culture and arts policy has rather serious problems.  Through the experience of participants in '6090 Youth Choir', an issue was addressed that there was a lack of a system to provide information of culture and arts, thus not enough opportunities were given to them, which can result in a preconception of how to enjoy culture and arts as an elderly. In the same manner, the need for intensive improvement was suggested since there was a lack of finding ways to participate in regional cultural events for the elderly as well as lack of thoughtful consideration in understanding the nature of the elderly in managing the program of '6090 Youth Choir'.  The aim for the culture and arts education for the elderly is to maintain stable programs supported by the government's policies which provide consistent support and developing new programs that are established based on understanding the role and effect of the elderly for the society participating in the culture and arts education.  Furthermore, through building the system that education can lead to regional revitalization, more elderly should be able to participate in the regional cultural and arts and their role needs to be expanded as a consumer and creator of cultural business by making their own contents.  I expect the outcome of this research will be used for the basic data that helps local authorities pay attention to participants' needs in order to manage the elderly culture and arts education program systematically, incorporating each region's character as well as finding the solution to develop governments' supports and policies. 본 연구는 노인의 문화예술교육을 통한 문화예술 참여의 활성화를 위해 한국문화예술회관연합회의 ‘문예회관 문화예술교육 지원사업’ 선정 프로그램인 강원도 원주시 ‘6090청춘합창단’의 사례를 중심으로 방안을 모색하는데 목적이 있다. 이에 따른 연구 문제는 다음과 같다. 1. 노인의 문화예술교육 프로그램 참여를 통한 긍정적 변화의 요인은 무엇인가? 2. 노인문화예술교육을 통해 노인의 지역 문화예술 참여의 형태는 어떻게 변화하였는가? 3. 노인을 위한 문화예술 활성화를 이루기 위해 현재의 문제점은 무엇이며 개선 방안은 무엇인가? 이를 위해 연구자는 2021년 4월 21일 ‘6090청춘합창단’ 교육 참여자 36명과 사업담당자 1명을 대상으로 진행한 설문지를 통해 기초 자료를 수집하고 2021년 4월 28일부터 5월 19일까지 3주간 2회에 걸쳐 36명의 교육 참여자 중 자발적 참여 의사를 밝힌 6인을 대상으로 1차, 2차 개별 심층 면담을 진행하였다. 그 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 노인의 문화예술교육 참여는 예술에 대한 동경과 예술교육에 대한 열망으로 시작되고 이전의 문화예술교육 참여가 다음 문화예술교육으로 이어지는 선순환의 구조를 띄고 있다. 노인은 이러한 문화예술교육으로 자신감과 자존감이 증가하고 문화예술 향유에 대한 욕구가 생성되며 이로 인하여 건강과 활력을 유지하고 삶의 질이 상승하는 변화를 나타냈다. 노인문화예술교육에 참여한 노인은 지역의 문화예술 행사에 이전보다 적극적으로 참여하는 변화를 보였으며 그 형태는 문화 소비자에서 생산자로 역할의 다양성으로 나타났고 노인의 사회적 역할의 증대가 문화예술 활성화와 밀접한 관계를 맺고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 고령화사회로 접어든 우리나라에서 한정된 노인문화예술교육은 모든 노인에게 균등한 기회를 제공하지 못하고 노인 복지의 측면에서도 성장하지 못하고 있으며 그중에서도 노인 인구 비율은 높으나 문화예술 정책이 부족한 강원도 지역은 시스템의 문제점을 가지고 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 ‘6090청춘합창단’ 참여자의 경험에서 강원도 원주시의 노인을 위한 문화예술 정보 제공 시스템이 구축되지 않아 참여의 기회를 가지지 못하고 이에 따른 노인의 문화예술 향유 방법에 대한 선입견이 있다는 문제점을 발견하였다. 마찬가지로 ‘6090청춘합창단’ 프로그램과 운영에 있어서 노인의 특성을 배려하지 못한 진행 방식과 적극적인 지역의 문화행사 참여 방법을 모색하지 않는다는 점에서 심도있는 개선 방안의 필요성이 대두되었다. 노인에게 있어 문화예술 참여의 사회적 역할과 효과를 인지하고 노인문화예술교육에 대한 지속적인 지원과 새로운 프로그램의 개발이 정책적으로 뒷받침되어 안정된 프로그램 유지를 이루는 것이 노인문화예술교육이 나아갈 지향점이다. 또한 시스템의 구축을 통해 보다 많은 노인이 지역의 문화예술에 참여하고 그들의 콘텐츠가 생성되어 문화산업의 소비자이자 생산자로서 역할이 확대되어야 한다. 노인문화예술교육 지원사업이 각 지역의 특성을 반영하여 현장에서 더욱 체계적으로 확대 운영될 수 있도록 광역센터와 기초단위가 참여자의 요구에 귀를 기울이고 정책적 지원과 제도의 발전 방안을 모색하는데 이 연구 결과가 기초 자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

(The) effects of public arts introduction to Gamcheon culture village regeneration

박재현 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2014 국내석사

The Korean society is currently shifting into a direction to lift the designation of redevelopment and reconstruction in deprived areas for local revitalization. Although, it is important to ultimately achieve overall regeneration including social, cultural, economic, physical and environmental aspects in city regeneration, various projects to emphasize specific regeneration aspects are possible in the beginning stage of regeneration. The pursuit of diverse city regeneration like that is possible nationwide, however, regeneration utilizing culture for the development of a city increases actively. In a narrow sense, cultural regeneration means culture and arts. The progress process of cultural regeneration is different, according to the characteristics of community assets, and effective utilization of existing resources becomes a strategy to activate the concerned region. The purpose of this research is to comprehensively analyze the introduction effects of public arts in Gamcheon Culture Village. This research aims to analyze a model having synergy effects through new culture adoption, while using existing resources. This research is meaningful in that the research can be developed into analysis data that can be utilized as a specific examples of gradually increasing cultural regeneration in Korea. This research can also make contributions to the dissemination or full development of Korean cultural regeneration policy. For research analysis, this research used contents analysis, site observation, in-depth interview and questionnaire survey. This research analyzed how resource factors including hardware, software and humanware were connected and used, and how the resources were connected and utilized in the entire regeneration process. In addition, the research analyzed how external resources were fused into Gamcheon Culture Village regeneration at various dimensions, such as cultural, social, economic and physical dimensions. The Gamcheon Culture Village case made a synergy effect by turning unfavorable resources in deprived area into positive resources. Total of 33 public arts were analyzed, and these were categorized as theme, color, material, place and genre characteristics. Most public arts were awarded local identity with realistic and abstract themes, and pastel tone color is harmonized with the colors of landscape. For public art artworks, valuable color paint materials were used, and these highlight architectural beauty by using them for walls and stairs. Especially, there were many artworks, based on participation/ engagement, which is a new genre public art, and these artworks are not leading others, but cooperative. Overall, local revitalization effects of public arts introduction to Gamcheon Culture Village was positive. Especially, the effect was high for both residents and visitors with such recognition as "The village became famous," "Increasing visitors in the village," and "The village was open." The recognition of local revitalization by visitors and residents showed differences in economic revitalization and physical revitalization effects. More visitors than the local residents recognized that the village was economically revitalized, and more residents than the visitors recognized the village was physically revitalized. When regeneration activating deprived areas and easing social exclusion is highlighted, Gamcheon Culture Village case in Busan, Korea can be evaluated as successful.