'2009 개정 교육과정 지구과학Ⅰ 교과서 환경· 재해단원 내용분석

송선미 전북대학교 교육대학원 2013 국내석사

The modern society is full of serious environmental pollution and natural disasters due to continuous environmental changes. Thus, it is necessary to have education for protecting human beings from hazards of environmental problems and natural disasters. Today, the education of environment and disasters is performed in the scope of earth science curriculum. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study on whether the purpose and direction of this education can be well established in learning field. It can't be denied that the curriculum and educational contents in Korea are highly influenced by the United States. Thus, this research aims at comparing Earth Science textbooks of the USA's high schools and Korean Earth Science I textbooks of the 2009's revised science curriculum, setting limits on the USA's textbooks to 「Prentice Hall Earth Science」(Tarbuck&Lutgens, 2009). This research analysed not only how the contents and structure are formed in the chapters of environment and disasters in high school Earth Science I textbooks developed by the 2009's revised curriculum but also how investigation practices are presented in them. Through this, this research examined how well the Earth Science I textbooks meet the goals of the 2009's revised curriculum and how helpful they can be to the students in learning field of schools. Moreover, it also did a study on necessary supplements for the domestic textbooks through comparative analysis on composition and contents of the Korean Earth Science I textbooks and those of the USA. The results of this research are as follows. First of all, at the present of 2013, the domestic revised Earth Science I textbooks of 2009 are the two authorized textbooks under standards set by the Korean government, published by A and B respectively. The two domestic textbooks reflect the curriculum well and correspond well with the educational goals of Earth Science I : the students should be able to perceive seriousness of global environmental changes through both the natural changes on the earth and those by human activities, understand this scientifically, and have opportunities of cultivating the abilities to respond appropriately. Second, according to the results of the comparison between the Korean Earth Science I textbooks and the USA's Earth Science textbooks, the Korean textbooks consist of more chapters and pages than those of the USA, in terms of their composition. While the Korean Earth Science textbooks consist separately of basic course and intensive course, Earth Science I and II, allowing students selective learning, those of the USA do not set a boundary between basic course and intensive course as one whole Earth Science textbook. The textbooks of the USA present students with more visual materials such as pictures, illustrations, graphs, diagrams, etc. than those of Korea, making the students less bored and helping them to understand the contents easily through several basic as well as intensive data. Third, while the Korean text books present the chapter of environment in isolation educating the students intensively, those of the USA do not present it separately but present it in every related chapter making the students be always reminded of environment. This is worth consideration for future curriculum development in Korea in the sense that environmental problems need to be educated not separately but in the overall course of Earth Science. The Earth Science I textbooks of the 2009's revised science curriculum are currently used as course materials in high schools. Particularly, the problems of environment and disasters are frequently taken as top news these days and we live in the world where those global catastrophes are not just others' problem anymore. Accordingly, it is necessary to know our planet's environment correctly and realize the serious problems of environment and disasters. That is, education for prevention and establishment of countermeasures must be created. Therefore, this research has significance in the way that it calls attention to the future direction of education in the chapters of environment and disaster, by analysing the Earth Science I textbooks, especially the chapters of environment and disaster, used in learning field as well as Earth Science textbooks of the USA that influence Korean.

제도적 환경이 지방정부 재난관리 예산에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

유승주 연세대학교 대학원 2019 국내석사

Metrics for the Resilience of Electric Infrastructure

Strong, Anne-Laure Stanford University ProQuest Dissertations & These 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Natural disasters have shaped human history, affecting lives, health, access to water, energy, food, and economic wellbeing. In the United States, natural disasters are becoming increasingly costly. In 2020 alone, disaster events caused $95.0 billion in damages, more than double the 41-year average natural disaster losses of $45.7 billion. Natural hazards are a significant source of electric power disruption as well. The Department of Energy estimates that outages cost. the American economy over $150 Billion per year. The electric grid provides many benefits at the personal, business, and societal levels. However, the consequences of power losses can also threaten life from equipment shutoffs, such as medical, communication, air temperature control, or safety control. Among natural disasters, witdfires pose a unique challenge to California where wildfires are not only a threat to its electric infrastructure but are also caused by that same infrastructure.To model the impact of disasters on the grid and to plan for the future of the grid, researchers must be able to assess how grid parameters influence outcomes for society so that the grid can be designed and managed with a minimal impact on human life-safety and the economy. However, a review of the literature on both infrastructure performance metrics (Chapter 2) and resiliency metrics (Chapter 1) reveals that there is little consensus on which parameters should be used to optimize the grid for resilience to outages caused by natural disasters. This also means that there are no metrics that would enable the translation of the impact. of disasters on the grid to economic impacts. Instead of contributing to this complicated landscape by adding one more proposed resilience metric, the focus herein is to uncover some metrics that can be tracked, measured, and optimized to maximize the resilience of the electrical infrastructure to disasters by minimizing outages experienced by customers, These metrics are the ones that can, hopefully, be controlled in the future, when new grid designs and decisions are made in order to create a more resilient grid. The knowledge of the metrics and how much of a lever they do provide will be critical for future design and investments in the grid.The thesis is broken down into the following chapters, which follow the introduction (Chapter 1), which includes a brief literature review of resiliency metrics:• Chapter 2 explores the current performance metrics in construction in general, and the lack of consensus surrounding which metrics are used to assess performance. I also address why these metrics are not casily applicable to the electric grid.• Chapter 3 looks at the link between topological characteristics of the grid and outages in Wisconsin and Minnesota between 2013-2019. This chapter shows that one can generate insights on grid resiliency from betweenness centrality calculated from real-world Wisconsin and Minnesota's transmission grid.• Chapter 4 showed that soil moisture measured by satellites alone, especially in the period 3 ta 5 months leading to the fire season, can be used to estimate the likelihood of wildfires caused by electric infrastructure.

Firm Environmental and Social Sustainability in Supply Chains

Cheng, Feng ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Arizona State Univ 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Firms have increasingly taken on the commitment to sustainability due to environmental and social concerns. Environmental and social sustainability can create firm value and social welfare through cost reduction and revenue growth. While indicating a desire to do more, firms face challenges while engaging with stakeholders in their supply chains–suppliers and consumers. Suppliers are key partners to achieve cost reduction while customers can be the driver for revenue growth. If firms do not overcome the challenges properly, such a win-win situation of both firms and their supply chain stakeholders may not exist. This dissertation aims to understand and suggest ways to overcome the challenges which firms and their supply chain stakeholders face while collaboratively pursuing sustainability.In the first essay, I investigate the financial impact of a buyer-initiated supplier-focused sustainability improvement program on suppliers’ profitability. The results indicate that a supplier sustainability program may lead to short-term financial loss but long-term financial gain for suppliers, and this effect is contingent on supplier slack resources. The second essay of this dissertation focuses on the consumers and investigates their reactions to two types of firm environmental sustainability claims–sustainable production versus sustainable consumption. The results indicate that firm sustainable consumption claims increase consumers’ purchase, thus leads to larger firm sales, whereas firm sustainable production claims decrease consumers’ buying intention, then result in smaller firm sales. Therefore, I show that, contrary to extant belief, firm environmental sustainability can decrease consumers’ intention to buy. Finally, a firm may be impacted when some of its upstream or downstream stakeholders, or its own operations, are impacted by a natural disaster, which are becoming more frequent due to climate change. In the third essay I study the joint effect of market attention and donation timing on firm stock returns based on the experiences of firms who donated to the 2017 Hurricane Harvey. I conclude that neither the first donors nor the followers can mitigate the negative stock returns due to disasters. However, firms who match their donation timing with market attention experience less negative stock market returns compared to other counterparts.

Assessing Disaster Management Effects on Recovery Outcomes in Rural Post-Disaster Japan

Ward, Kayleigh Michigan State University ProQuest Dissertations & 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

As a country frequented by natural disasters, Japan has robust disaster management systems that can be employed quickly to mitigate human, environmental, and economic harm and losses. However, these systems tend to be most effective when handling small-scale localized disasters. In the face of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake which decimated the northeastern communities of the Tohoku region, Japan’s disaster management system collapsed, unable to handle such large scale and widespread damage. In the ten years since the disaster many rural communities have contended with a variety of social and economic problems, often left unremedied despite on-going government intervention. In this context, this dissertation will explore the complex problems in Minamisanriku, Miyagi—a rural coastal community decimated by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. By engaging and collaborating with organizations in this community, I assess the connections between disaster management and post-disaster recovery outcomes through various applications of social capital and power. I first investigate how historical legacies of national government policies influenced recovery outcomes in the Tohoku region and how have these processes influenced economic restructuring and social development in Minamisanriku during reconstruction. Next, I consider how governance structures within Miyagi prefecture influenced the social and economic development of Minamisanriku during reconstruction. Lastly, I look to how disaster management affects the ability of residents to handle locally-identified and in turn, how residents utilize their social capital to driver social and economic recovery. I assess several key ideas on the connections between forms and theories of social capital and how they affect long-term disaster recovery outcomes through the disaster management process. The dissertation is situated to improve our understanding of how social capital affects rural communities’ ability to respond to these troubles and to craft context specific solutions to them. It also offers a variety of policy recommendations about how to improve community-centered recovery within disaster management frameworks.

Three Essays on Corporate Finance and Investment

Wang, Jiawei Brooke The University of Iowa ProQuest Dissertations & Th 2023 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation focuses on a range of topics in corporate finance and investments. In the first chapter, I study the effects of climate policy uncertainty on firms’ environmental performances and efforts. The second chapter examines the role of lease financing in disaster-affected firms under collateral constraints. In the third chapter, we document the negative announcement returns on additions to the S&P 500 index and investigate the likely reasons behind the flipped negative returns on upward additions to the S&P 500 index and positive returns on downward deletions from that index.In Chapter 1 titled ”Waiting or Acting: The Effects of Climate Policy Uncertainty”, I examine how climate policy uncertainty affects firms’ environmental performances and efforts. I find that firms reduce toxic emissions under high climate policy uncertainty. Instead of a “wait-and-see” strategy, firms take pre-emptive actions by accelerating environmental innovation and adopting abatement technologies when climate policy uncertainty arises. Further analyses suggest that institutional investors withdraw capital from polluting firms under high uncertainty of climate regulation. By exploiting the lagged political polarization of the U.S. House roll-call votes and standard deviation of the pro-climate votes in the Senate on environmental and climate change-related bills to instrument the climate policy uncertainty index, I suggest that the effect of climate policy uncertainty on reducing emissions is causal.In Chapter 2 titled ”Natural Disasters and Firm Leasing: A Collateral Channel”, I explore the role of lease financing in disaster-affected firms under collateral constraints. Disaster-affected firms demand funds for post-disaster reconstruction. However, the destruction of natural disasters leads to collateral constraints, which create external financing frictions. I find that affected firms obtain financing through operating leases after natural disasters. The significance of the findings highlights the importance of operating leases for collateral-constrained firms.Chapter 3, titled ”Negative Returns On Addition To The S&P 500 Index And Positive Returns On Deletion? New Evidence On The Attractiveness Of S&P 500 Versus S&P 400 Indexes”, is coauthored with Dr. Anand Vijh. We revisit the announcement returns on additions to the S&P 500 index and find that the announcement returns of these changes have been the opposite of what has been documented for all S&P 500 additions and deletions in an extensive literature. During 2016-2020, such ‘upward additions’ to the S&P 500 index resulted in an average announcement excess return of -2.48% over a three-day period while ‘downward deletions’ to the S&P 400 index resulted in an excess return of +1.37%. We explain these new results by the increasing total institutional ownership of S&P 400 stocks. Our results thus show the increasing benefits of being included in the mid-cap S&P 400 index relative to being included in the large-cap S&P 500 index.

Masters of the Garden: An Environmental History of Nation-Building in Pahlavi Iran

Sadan, Amit University of Michigan ProQuest Dissertations & Th 2023 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Studies on Iranian nationalism, development, and modernization have yet to fully reflect on the role of the environment. By applying an environmental lens, this dissertation rethinks the history of Pahlavi Iran (1925-79), exploring the ways in which the natural environment shaped, and was shaped by, national and other ideologies. It analyzes major episodes of environmental transformation along a chronological timeline-the construction of the Trans-Iranian Railway in the interwar period; dam and irrigation projects in the early Cold War; policies aimed at curbing deforestation and desertification; the emergence of an environmentalist agenda in the late Pahlavi era; and management of nature-induced disasters.I argue that these episodes were integral to the Pahlavis' nation-building and national narrative. Moreover, they embodied modern Iran's distinct historical condition: Iranian state-builders thought of their country in imperial terms, but unlike its de-colonized neighbors, Iran lacked imperial infrastructure in transport, communication, or natural resource extraction. This resulted in hasty and aggressive projects in the environment, meant not only to restore the grandeur of the pre-Islamic Iranian empires, but also to reassert Iran as a central actor within the world order. Most crucially, projects to transform the environment were not geared toward ecologically sound harnessing of natural resources so much as toward expanding state control and exclusion of those marginal to the Pahlavi nationalist project.Vigorous action in fields such as dam building, anti-desertification, and environmentalism at times did grant the Pahlavi dynasty international prestige and a more influential role in the Middle East. At the same time, however, such measures contributed in meaningful-if overlooked-ways to the Pahlavi state's chronic vulnerability to pressures from the outside as well as from within. The Pahlavis' environmental legacy has transcended the 1979 revolution, and to understand Iran's current environmental crisis, we must therefore pay close attention to the ways in which this story unfolded.

Writing the Apocalypse: Pedagogy at the End of the World

May, Talitha Ohio University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 2018 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Beset with political, social, economic, cultural, and environmental degradation, along with the imminent threat of nuclear war, the world might be at its end. Building upon Richard Miller’s inquiry from Writing at the End of the World, this dissertation investigates if it is “possible to produce [and teach] writing that generates a greater connection to the world and its inhabitants.” I take up Paul Lynch’s notion of the apocalyptic turn and suggest that when writers Kurt Spellmeyer, Richard Miller, Derek Owens, Robert Yagelski, Lynn Worsham, and Ann Cvetkovich confront disaster, they reach an impasse whereby they begin to question disciplinary assumptions such as critique and pose inventive ways to think about writing and writing pedagogy that emphasize the notion and practice of connecting to the everyday. Questioning the familiar and cultivating what Jane Bennett terms “sensuous enchantment with everyday” are ethical responses to the apocalypse; nonetheless, I argue that disasters and death master narratives will continually resurface if we think that an apocalyptic mindset can fully account for the complexity and irreducibility of lived experience. Drawing upon Zen, new materialism, and Yagelski’s theory of writing as a way of being, I call attention to the affective dimensions of capitalism, anti-apocalyptic thinking, and environmental writing pedagogies that run contrary to capitalist-driven environmental disaster.

Essays in Public and Environmental Economics

Coury, Michael Robert University of Pittsburgh ProQuest Dissertations & 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

My dissertation explores how citizens and local governments make decisions regarding the provision of public goods and the implementation of public policy. I particularly focus on how environmental conditions interact with constituent demands in the context of American democracy. In the first chapter, I show how individual demands for government policies are influenced by environmental shocks related to climate change. In the second chapter, I use the example of crime to show voter policy demands are also responsive to short-term, highly localized changes in neighborhood conditions. Finally, in the third chapter, I show that one of the most expensive infrastructure projects ever undertaken by an American municipality proved to be a worthwhile investment even as it reshaped the urban environment.

Security model design framework and application to PPDR operational environment

김대건 Graduate School of Cybersecurity, Korea University 2021 국내박사

본 논문은 아래 물음에 대한 해결책이 될 수 있는 방법론을 제공한다. “통제 권한을 벗어난 외부의 시스템에 의존하여 구축되는 대규모 시스템의 보안 모델을 어떻게 효율적으로 설계 할 수 있는가?” 본 연구에서는 위 질문에서 제기된 제한된 환경에서 안전하게 시스템을 구현하기 위해 요구되는 시스템 아키텍처 및 보안요건을 도출하기 위한 보안 모델 설계 프레임워크를 제안한다. 또한 제안된 프레임워크를 적용하여 공공안전 (Public safety) LTE (PS-LTE) 기반의 공공안전 및 재난구호 (Protection and Disaster Relief, PPDR) 작전 시스템을 위한 보안 모델을 제안한다. 국가적으로 발생하는 재해 및 재난 상황은 국가안보를 위협할 수 있으며, 이에 대응하기 위해 여러 정부기관의 기능을 통합해야 한다. 전세계적으로 많은 국가들은 재해 및 재난정보를 관련 대응 기관들이 신속하게 공유하고 소통하기 위해 전국 단위의 이동통신 네트워크 인프라를 구축하고 있다. PS-LTE는 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 많은 국가에서 채택된 통신 메커니즘이다. 재해 및 재난 대응 관련 조직은 기존에 각 기관의 고유 네트워크에서 실행되는 서비스를 PS-LTE 인프라에 안전하게 연결하여 기관 고유 네트워크에서 제공되는 정보와 시스템 기능을 PS-LTE 환경에서 지속적으로 활용하도록 수 있도록 함으로써 PPDR 활동의 효율성을 높일 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 운용 환경은 상용 LTE 환경과는 다른 특성이 있기 때문에 기관의 고유 네트워크와 PS-LTE 인프라를 안전하게 연결하기 위해서는 환경에 특화된 취약성을 명확히 분석하고 이를 해소할 필요가 있다. 또한, PS-LTE 인프라를 활용한 PPDR 운영 환경의 특성을 분석한 후, 기존에 각 기관의 고유 네트워크에서 운영되는 PPDR 서비스를 이 인프라를 통해 제공하고자 하는 조직에서 적용할 수 있는 보안 모델을 도출하기 위해 제안한 프레임워크를 적용하였다. 본 연구에서는 제안된 보안 모델 설계 프레임워크를 PPDR 을 위한 특정 상황에 적용했지만, 본 프레임워크는 어떤 환경에 대한 분석에도 일반적으로 적용될 수 있다. This thesis is to provide the methodology as a solution for the following question: “How can I design the security model for a large-scale system that built upon external system that is unauthorized to control?” This study proposes the security model design framework to derive the system architecture and security requirements targeting the restricted environment as the question. Moreover, the application example of the framework to design the system's security model for public protection and disaster relief (PPDR) operations based on PS-LTE is provided. National disasters can threaten national security and require integrating the functionalities of several organizations to correspond to the event. Many countries are constructing a nationwide mobile communication network infrastructure to share information and promptly communicate with corresponding organizations. Public Safety Long-Term Evolution (PS-LTE) is a communication mechanism adopted in many countries to achieve such a purpose. Organizations can increase the efficiency of PPDR operations by securely connecting the services run on their legacy networks to the PS-LTE infrastructure. The connection of the legacy networks allows the organizations to facilitate the legacy network's information and system functionalities continuously. To securely connect the network, the vulnerabilities in the environment, which differ from commercial LTE, need to be resolved. Although the proposed security model design framework is applied to a specific circumstance in this research, it can be generally adopted to analyze any application environment.