BEGRAM: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON THE IVORY AND BONE CARVINGS (AFGHANISTAN)

MEHENDALE, SANJYOT UNIVERSITY CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 1997 국내박사

SCULPTURE AND REVOLUTION: THE ART OF COMMEMORATION AT THE END OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT (EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, FRANCE, MONUMENTS)

NAGINSKI, ERIKA UNIVERSITY CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 1997 국내박사

BODY PARTS: SURREALISM AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF MASCULINITY (PHOTOGRAPHY, ADVERTISING, LOUIS ARAGON, ANDRE BRETON)

LYFORD, AMY J UNIVERSITY CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 1997 국내박사

On the importance of plant phenology and resource use in the invasion of California coastal grasslands

Abraham, Joel Kwamena University of California, Berkeley 2008 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

California coastal grasslands are characterized by pronounced temporal and spatial variation in water, light, and nitrogen availability. Changes in the availability of these resources affect both native and non-native species, and may influence the outcome of their interactions. My research explored the relationships between resource availability and plant phenological traits in a series of field surveys and controlled experiments. I first compared the response of native and exotic perennial grasses to competition with exotic annual grasses, across two levels of resource availability. Nitrogen enrichment and rapid exotic annual grass emergence increased the strength of the negative effects of exotic annual grasses on perennial grasses. However, the exotic perennial grass, Holcus lanatus, was less heavily impacted than were the native perennials, Nassella pulchra and Festuca rubra. In another study, I found that life history differences between exotic annual and native perennial grasses affect winter light availability. The relatively greater light suppression by native perennial grasses likely limits colonization by the European perennial herb, Foeniculum vulgare. Together, these studies highlight interactions between resource availability and plant phenology in California coastal grassland species, and the role those interactions play in invasion processes. To further explore Foeniculum invasion patterns, I compared trait expression of Mediterranean and California populations in natural field and experimental common environment settings. California Foeniculum populations had larger individuals, with larger seeds, than did Mediterranean populations. When grown together, California and Mediterranean Foeniculum were similar in size, survivorship, percent germination, and specific leaf area (SLA). However, California Foeniculum had higher water-use efficiency (WUE) than did Mediterranean plants. I also recorded individual and population-level responses of Foeniculum to seasonal and latitudinal changes in water availability in California. Foeniculum partially escapes drought stress by accessing deeper soil water and reducing water loss through leaf senescence. I found no change in WUE or SLA across seasons, or evidence of latitudinal clines in either trait, but found a positive correlation between water availability and Foeniculum seed mass. Continued study of invasive species trait variation between and within their native and introduced ranges will help identify the factors that allow and limit species success.

Studies in the History and Geography of California Languages

Haynie, Hannah Jane University of California, Berkeley 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation uses quantitative and geographic analysis techniques to examine the historical and geographical processes that have shaped California's linguistic diversity. Many questions in California historical linguistics have received diminishing attention in recent years, remaining unanswered despite their continued relevance. The studies included in this dissertation reinvigorate some of these lines of inquiry by introducing new analytical techniques that make effective use of computational advances and existing linguistic data. These studies represent three different scales of historical change – and associated geographic patterns – and demonstrate the broad applicability of new statistical and geographic methodologies in several areas of historical linguistics. The first of these studies (Chapter 2) focuses on the dialect scale, examining the network of internal diversity within the Eastern Miwok languages of the Central Sierra Nevada foothills. This study uses dialectometric measures of linguistic differentiation and geographic distance models to characterize the dialect geography of this language family and examine how human-environment relations have influenced its development. This study finds three primary linguistic divisions in the Eastern Miwok dialect network, corresponding to Plains Miwok, Southern Sierra Miwok and Northern/Central Sierra Miwok, as well as a number of smaller patterns of regional variation. It also identifies elevation, vegetation, and surface water as influences on the dialect network in the region and establishes the utility of cost distance modeling for studying historical linguistic contact networks in situations where our historical knowledge is limited. The second study (Chapter 3) evaluates the hypothesis that the small families and isolate languages of California form a few, deep genealogical ``stocks''. While attempts to validate two of these – Hokan and Penutian – have not met with widespread approval, the classifications themselves have been adopted widely. This study examines the statistical evidence for such deep, stock-level relationships among California languages by implementing a metric of recurrent sound correspondence and a Monte Carlo-style test for significance. The multilateral comparison involved in the clustering component of this method makes it particularly sensitive to the types of large clusters that might represent "Hokan" and "Penutian" groups. However, this test finds no evidence for such groupings and casts further doubt on the genealogical status of these categories. The scale of the final study (Chapter 4) is broader both temporally and geographically. Chapter 4 examines the idea that Northern California functions as a linguistic area. Uncertainty regarding the genealogical and contact-related influences on individual languages in the region and links between Northern California and other linguistic areas make it difficult to evaluate existing proposals about the region's areal status based only on the regional similarities such studies offer as evidence. This chapter uses measures of spatial autocorrelation to determine whether the spatial patterns exhibited by individual features and cumulative patterns in the region as a whole are likely to reflect a history of geographic trait diffusion. While there is good evidence for areal feature spread in Northern California, and particularly in the Northwestern California and Clear Lake areas, many of the features that occur in Northern California extend up the Pacific coast and suggest that Northern California may be better characterized as a peripheral part of the better-supported Northwest Coast linguistic area.

The commercialization of university technology: Implications for firm strategy and public policy

Ziedonis, Arvids Alexander University of California, Berkeley 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Since the 1980s, several trends have increased the importance of licensing and patenting and the commercialization of university-invented technologies: the enactment of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, which facilitated patenting and licensing by universities; increased commercial interest in biotechnology, a technical field in which university research capabilities are particularly strong; and the general strengthening of US intellectual property rights in the 1980s. This dissertation presents three related studies that examine important dimensions of U.S. university patenting and licensing, (1) how the characteristics of firms influence their decisions to license university technologies and their management of this uncertain process, (2) the geographic diffusion of university technology through knowledge spillovers and market-based licensing transactions, and (3) the effect of the Bayh-Dole Act on the research and technology marketing activities by universities. In the first study, I develop two simple models that predict the likelihood that a firm will license a university technology and whether the firm will purchase an “option” agreement to manage the technological uncertainty of the commercialization process. I empirically test predictions generated by these models using detailed data on exclusive licenses of patented inventions at the University of California, the largest university licensor in the U.S. In the second study, I examine the differential geographic “reach” of market and non-market channels of university technology commercialization. The findings presented in this study contradict earlier conclusions regarding the relative importance of geography for knowledge spillovers and market-based transactions in technology transfer. In the third study, I investigate the effect of commercialization incentives created by the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 on the research and technology marketing efforts of three leading university licensors, and augment this analysis with large-scale empirical examination of the effect by Bayh-Dole on the “quality” of U.S. university patenting. The findings suggest that the decline in the quality of U.S. university patents observed after Bayh-Dole appears to be due to the Act's encouragement of new universities into technology transfer, rather than a change in the research incentives of universities, as widely feared by policymakers and other interested observers.

Early Indications of Effectiveness in California's Forest Offset Program

Stapp, Jared Richard University of California, Berkeley ProQuest Disser 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Carbon offsets are widely promoted as a strategy to lower the cost of emission reductions and combat climate change. However, there is limited empirical evidence suggesting that offsets causally reduce emissions by the amount claimed. When sold into a compliance market, offsets will increase net emissions if they do not reflect real reductions beyond the baseline scenario. Here I introduce California's U.S. Forest Projects Compliance Offset Protocol and consider the role of additionality in this program.  Chapter 1, "An overview of forest offsets," introduces forest offsets as a policy mechanism for combating climate change, focusing in particular on California's U.S. Forest Projects Compliance Offset Protocol as one of the largest programs of its kind and Improved Forest Management (IFM) projects as the backbone of California's program. Research completed to date on California's program is reviewed, and challenges associated with measuring the effectiveness of offset programs like the California U.S. Forest Projects Compliance Offset Protocol are introduced. Literature reviews of modeling and remote sensing techniques used in past work are provided and approaches seen in later chapters of this dissertation to measure early indications of effectiveness in California's forest offset program are justified. Chapter 2, "Assessing participants of California's U.S. Forest Projects Compliance Offset Protocol," creates an original database of information sufficient to assess IFM project participants in the program to date, including project characteristics, boundaries, and locations. A breakdown of the spatial, demographic, and geographic heterogeneity across projects is provided, and potential barriers to participation in the program based on characteristics of currently enrolled projects are discussed. Results suggest that projects owned by corporate and 'other' interests were most common; the majority of credits in California's program have been allocated to Tribal projects (48.4% of all credits), timber investment management organization (TIMO) and real estate investment trust (REIT) projects (23.4% of credits) due in part to their larger size, and family landowners are underrepresented in California's offset program relative to private forest owners across the U.S. On average, across ownership classes, projects were stocked at carbon levels of 125% of common practice (the average standing live carbon of forests within the project's Supersection and Assessment Area).Chapter 3, "Quantifying historical disturbance rates using remote sensing," uses remote sensing to create a unique database of harvest history on project and non-project regional lands to more comprehensively understand the IFM projects enrolled in California's forest offset program, where historical forest management-related disturbance serves as an indication that lands were at risk of harvest prior to project commencement. Combining harvest history with the project characteristics and locations introduced in Chapter 2 allows us to probe additionality of these projects. I find that IFM projects have been primarily allocated to forests with relatively low historical disturbance (28% less disturbance than regional averages since 1985). TIMO/REIT-owned forestlands had the largest discrepancy in annual disturbance rate between Supersections (0.43%) and projects (0.17%), followed by corporate-owned forestlands with 0.35% annual rate of disturbance on Supersections and 0.14% annual rate of disturbance on projects. Tribal lands experienced the lowest annual rates of disturbance for both projects and Supersections, with the project rate (0.17%) higher than the Supersection rate (0.1%; p <0.001).  Chapter 4, "Measuring offset policy effectiveness using quasi-experimental econometric techniques," I empirically examine the additionality of forest offset projects early in California's offset program by quantifying the impacts of forest offset projects on forest disturbance associated with carbon emissions. While the additionality of forest offset projects is determined by emission reductions over the 100-year project lifespan, optimal management may require early management decisions resulting in disturbance to facilitate improved long-term forest management, I propose that short-term additionality can serve as an early indicator of policy effectiveness. Two novel datasets-project boundary data (Chapter 2) and remotely sensed forest disturbance data (Chapter 3)-provide sufficient temporal and spatial heterogeneity to apply quasi-experimental statistical matching and panel regression techniques to estimate additionality. This analysis suggests limited additionality in enrolled projects, as the creation of forest offset projects did not significantly lower forest disturbance rates 3 and 5 years after project implementation relative to similar non-project lands. These results indicate that California's forest offset protocol may be contributing to an increasingly large carbon debt.Results suggest that, to date, California's offset program has selected IFM projects that have experienced relatively low disturbance rates over the past 36 years. As such, projects have much higher levels of aboveground carbon stocking than the average stocking within their respective Supersections. If these carbon-rich forests were threatened with harvest, they might be suitable choices for offsetting. These findings, however, suggest that many of the areas offset may have faced little threat of forest harvest in the absence of California's offset program and are therefore non-additional in the short term. Because California's U.S. Forest Projects Compliance Offset Protocol is compliance-based, unless the management of offsets changes in the future, the policy may be creating a carbon debt and potentially leading to increased carbon in the atmosphere relative to other carbon reduction policies and initiatives. Altogether, results indicate opportunities to improve California's existing forest offset protocol, particularly in its process of establishing initial carbon baselines. This dissertation concludes with recommendations stemming from this early evaluation of effectiveness in California's forest offset program. .

A typology of institutionalization for university-community partnerships at American universities and an underlying epistemology of engagement

Fleming, James Joseph University of California, Berkeley 1999 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Universities have always had ambiguous relationships with the communities of which they are located. The many intentional university-community partnerships which have been established on American college campuses in recent years have forced universities, against their natural inclinations, to come “down to earth”. Although they are part of their particular ecological settings, these American universities are not limited to those settings. In fact, if they were, they would not amount to much as universities. Like their European predecessors, the work of modern American universities is by nature placeless. The professional professoriate has as its main focus knowledge: its preservation, transmission, application, and generation—none of which can be captured easily nor held in a single place. As a result, American universities fit uncomfortably into the rootedness of their local communities. The university-community partnerships discussed in this study are newly-conceived cross-disciplinary, multi-stakeholder efforts that require non-traditional models of implementation and evaluation. Many are a response to the call for universities to apply their learning and research to relevant problems of consequence. Others represent an institution's attempt to survive in difficult urban surroundings. Still other partnerships originate from a university's obligation to lead by example and train future leaders. Three rationales are presented here as a way of discussing why these partnerships are established: survival/relevance, moral/civic, and epistemological. Partnerships with each of these rationales face institutional barriers to becoming a regular part of the culture of university life. The question of institutionalization of this particular type of university-community partnership is relatively new. As a result, there is a dearth of research concerning the factors that might influence institutionalization. This study seeks to fill that void. It is not an evaluation but, rather, it is an investigation into the factors that might influence the successful institutionalization of university-community partnerships. After reviewing the history of university-community partnerships, surveying several applicable theories of institutional change, and discussing the most recent developments in university-community partnerships; the author presents two important factors which are seen as central influences on institutionalization: the extent to which the knowledge task of the university-community partnership corresponds to the most highly valued concept of knowledge at the university; and the positive alignment of the rationale for the partnership with the generally-accepted primary purpose of the university. These two influencing factors are then explored through the use of three case studies which include a review of original grant proposals, semiannual reports, site-generated documents, site visits, and on-site interviews with university faculty/staff and community members who are involved in these partnerships. These institutionalization case studies of Community Outreach Partnership Centers funded by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development are presented as illustrative examples from which to learn. In analyzing the influences on institutionalization and the data presented in these case studies, a descriptive typology of university-community partnerships is offered along with an emerging epistemology of engagement which might support the institutionalization of university-community partnerships into the academic culture of American universities.

Quicksilver landscapes: Space, power, and ethnicity in the mercury mining industry in California and the West, 1845--1900

Johnston, Andrew Scott University of California, Berkeley 2004 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation is a history of the forces that shaped the quicksilver (mercury) mining industry within the context of the development of California and the West. It explores the reciprocal relationship between the spaces of the quicksilver industry and the social groups and individuals that lived in and struggled over them at three scales: the global scale of the flows of capital, technology, people, and mercury; the regional scale of the industry in California and the West; and the local scale of towns and mining camps. It does this through a combination of sources ranging from mine company documents and census records through the physical remains of mining sites. Historically mercury has been very important because to control mercury was to control bullion production; in the second half of the nineteenth century, the mercury mines of California and the West produced half the world's supply of mercury. Mercury mines and mining camps were highly organized by racial and ethnic hierarchies, and in this way mercury mining was very different than other types of metal mining in the American West. Mercury mines were capital intensive to develop due to geology, and mercury, which had little value in and of itself, was only valuable as a tool to power over bullion production, another capital intensive project. Work, and the spaces of work and daily life, at the mercury mines and camps of the American West were organized to define and exploit racial hierarchies in developing California. This dissertation has five chapters that build on one another to tell the story of the mercury mining industry in California. Chapter One explores the global history of the production of and trade in mercury. Chapter Two explores how the mercury industry in California constituted an important break from earlier eras because the trade was not controlled by a single state entity, but rather by multiple competing capitalists. Chapter Three considers the geology and geography of the industry, on the regional scale, arguing for the importance of a range of social, cultural, economic, and technical factors as well as the location of cinnabar deposits. Chapters Four and Five describe how the hierarchical organization of social groups in California based on race and ethnicity were made material by spaces of work and daily life at the quicksilver mines.

The disdainful embrace: The rhetoric of remediation and the Subject A requirement at the University of California

Stanley, Jane University of California, Berkeley 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Remedial writers, like the poor, are always with us. In its 150-year history in the American university, composition instruction has been called upon to combat so many crises of illiteracy, so regularly, that scholars have been able to map these events onto a larger American topography, correlating periods of perceived—and importantly, widely announced—crisis with periods of broad social change. The rhetoric of crisis affords purchase on a particularly delicate array of tensions around class, race, entitlement, and access to higher education. Students' ability to deploy correct grammar and appropriate diction in service to their ideas has been routinely elided with their capacity to exercise taste, refinement, or even moral probity. Harvard's Charles William Eliot expected, in 1869, that lessons designed to remedy students' errors in punctuation and paragraph structure would also erect for them a “moral superstructure.” Nearly a century later, Berkeley's Clark Kerr, noting comparable sins of syntax, called for instruction in “the decencies.&rdquo. “The decencies,” it would seem, have been inadequately observed at Berkeley from the beginning. Every year since the University was established in 1869, a large number of entrants (sometimes as many as 55%) have been deemed improficient in entry-level English composition (later called “Subject A”), even though these students had fully satisfied the University's entrance requirements, and had qualified for admission in every respect. In “Alternatives to Remedial Writing: Lessons from Theory, from History, and a Case in Point,” Glynda Hull (1999) characterizes this peculiar institutional ambivalence regarding the students “held” for Subject A as “welcoming them and marginalizing them in the same breath.” The present work argues that, like breathing, this ambivalence has been critically necessary (and autonomic) to Berkeley. Similarly essential has been the construction of the remedial student. This work proposes that the remedial student performs a significant duty for this University in that the publicization of his or her ‘illiteracy’ (or later ‘deficiency’ or later ‘need for remediation’ or currently ‘underpreparedness’) does important political—that is to say rhetorical—work for the institution, and for California herself.