Wondering With People, Places, and More-Than-Humans as an Ontological Orientation to Ethical Socio-Ecological Education: Towards More Just & Livable Futures Through Design-Based, Mediational, and Quantitative Analyses

Sherry-Wagner, Jordan D ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Wash 2023 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation is aimed at articulating and empirically characterizing an expansive orientation to field-based socio-ecological systems learning that elevates participatory and ethically-engaged approaches to teaching and learning. Grounded in relational ways of knowing, this dissertation works to expand and transform normative educational paradigms towards the realization of more just and healthful ways of being through recognizing the agency and dignity of youth, places, and more-than-human beings. Elevating the role of wonder as central to scientific sensemaking, ethical deliberation, and the creation of new forms life and learning, this dissertation contributes to scholarship, practices, and the construction of life-worlds critically engaged with the increasingly pressing challenges and possibilities of the 21st century. Situated within a space of problem and possibilities, this dissertation addressed the need to shift nature-culture relations through analysis of design and interactions situated in the Learning in Places project. Across five chapters I situate and develop three related papers which characterize and empirically ground a framework for ethical wondering with people, places, and more-than-humans. The first chapter situates this work in transdisciplinary approaches to science education and begins to construct a framework for how we have taken up the role of wondering in our context of work. The three following chapters represent the primary papers in this dissertation. In Chapter 2, I analyze materials designed in the Learning in Places project to explicate key dimensions and commitments of our work and build out an empirically-grounded conceptual framework for ethical wondering with people, places, and more-than-humans. In Chapter 3 I conduct a deep case study analysis of knowledge and interaction to examine how dimensions of ethical wondering with people, places, and more-than-humans were manifest and mediated within wondering walk data gathered from the pilot year of Learning in Places implementation. Complimenting this deep qualitative focus, Chapter 4 shares findings from a broad statistical analysis of over 98 hours of wondering walk data collected in our first full year of school-based storyline implementation to identify significant correlations and comparisons between descriptors of interest. By way of synthesis and conclusion, Chapter 5 closes out this dissertation through offering up principles of design to guide work in similar spaces alongside reflections salient strengths, limitations, and pathways for future work.

Antiblackness and Fundamental Accumulation: An Aesthetic Ontology of Prohibition and Persistence Through Black Arts

Burns, Gust Henry ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Wash 2023 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation elaborates an answer to the question, what is antiblackness? Countering understandings of antiblackness as a fundamentally psychic force, the dissertation develops the concept of fundamental accumulation as the antiblack prohibition of aesthetic capacity, a process that is both material and immanent. Antiblackness, as this prohibition of temporal, spatial, and motile capacity to blackness, is read alongside modes of black refusal and antagonism, through five black artistic works from the past fifty years. Chapter 2 examines the antiblack prohibition of temporal capacity, and its refusal as black persistence, through a reading of Sarah Maldoror's 1972 film Sambizanga. Chapter 3 examines the antiblack prohibition of spatial capacity, alongside black antaesthetics, through a reading of Dionne Brand's books A Map to the Door of No Return: Notes to Belonging (2001) and Ossuaries (2010). Chapter 4 analyzes the We Still Outside Collective's 2020 video On the black leadership and other white myths, and Kahlil Joesph's 2013 short film Until the quiet comes, in order to theorize black motion as an immanently antagonistic movement. The dissertation's introduction provides a genealogy of afropessimism, outlining and critiquing Frank Wilderson's structuralist analysis of antiblackness as proper to the symbolic register, and posits the need for a materialist account of antiblackness. Chapter 1 develops the concept of antiblackness as fundamental accumulation via comparison with primitive accumulation as theorized by Marxist thinkers, and a close reading of Marx's own understanding of slavery as integral to the development of capacity, community, and the self, in a passage from the Grundrisse. The first chapter also outlines the dissertation's methodology of aesthetic ontology, placing the dissertation's arguments and stakes within the context of contemporary criticism and analysis of black artistic works and practices.

Integrated Experimental and Software Methods for Non-Targeted Analyses Investigation of Vehicle-Derived Chemicals and Their Transformation Products

Hu, Ximin ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Wash 2023 해외박사(DDOD)

Water pollution is a significant environmental issue that can yield detrimental impacts on human health and ecosystem. Compounding the basic environmental pollution problem is the fact that many chemicals can undergo various transformation reactions under environmental conditions to form structurally similar transformation products (TPs). Notably, some TPs may contribute significantly to the potential for adverse effects in environmental systems while their characteristics and transformations are not fully understood. For example, among various pollutant classes, vehicle-derived chemicals and their TPs are a growing concern, representing compounds that are concurrently abundant (by mass use), widespread, and poorly characterized or identified. For instance, our group recently identified 6PPD (N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine), a ubiquitously used tire rubber antioxidant, would be transformed under environmental conditions into 6PPDQ, a toxicant which is responsible for the coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) acute mortality observed for several decades in the Pacific Northwest. Therefore, there is a pressing need to chemically characterize and to investigate the environmental fate and transport of these classes of vehicle-derived chemicals and their TPs for comprehensive environmental risk assessment, remediation and policy making.Problematically, identifying and tracking specific groups of pollutants or contaminant sources is often challenging due to the complex chemical matrices present in surface waters and the relatively narrow detection capabilities of traditional analytical methods (e.g., targeted analytical methods via low-resolution mass spectrometry) that focus on limited numbers of pre-defined analytes. Non-targeted analysis (NTA) can potentially address this challenge by coupling high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) instrumentation with data science approaches for data analysis to better identify or quantify unknown pollutants or contamination sources in complex mixtures. However, the development of HRMS data processing workflows is still in a relatively early stage, is often labor intensive, and can lack well-established protocols and integrated data processing capabilities, especially for open-source software, for environmental data and systems.To address the challenges above, this thesis communicates the development of improved integrated experimental and open-source software methods for NTA using HRMS instrumentation and capabilities. Subsequently, these methodologies were deployed for the chemical characterization of vehicle-derived chemicals, focusing on the industrial antiozonant 6PPD widely used in tire rubbers and related transformation products. Chapter 1 presents an introduction to these systems. Chapters 2-4 communicate the analysis and characterization of 6PPD and related TPs. 6PPD TPs include 6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ), which is an emerging contaminant that was previously identified as the "primary causal toxicant" for acute mortality events in stormwater-exposed coho salmon. Given its extraordinarily high toxicity, interest in 6PPDQ properties and fate extends from local to global scales. Experiments were conducted to (a) investigate the physiochemical properties of 6PPDQ; (b) measure 6PPD ozonation dynamics and quantify known TPs (i.e., 6PPDQ); (c) prioritize other potential 6PPD TPs with HRMS-based NTA; and (d) evaluate the environmental fate of 6PPD and formation of TPs under varied environmental conditions (ozone exposure, aerobic and anaerobic conditions) while quantifying 6PPD and TPs with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Chapters 5-6 focus on method development for HRMS NTA, including workflow development for NTA data processing and development and optimization of source identification and apportionment methodologies.Chapter 1 provides an introduction and explains the research goals of the thesis. Chapter 2 discusses the investigation of the physiochemical properties of 6PPDQ, including logKow, solubility, leaching potentials, sorption potentials and aqueous stability. We focused on reporting chemical characteristics relevant to the fate and transport of the recently discovered environmental toxicant 6PPDQ. The aqueous solubility and octanol-water partitioning coefficient (logKow) for 6PPDQ were measured as 38 ± 10 μg L−1 and 4.30 ± 0.02, respectively. Within the context of analytical measurement and laboratory processing, sorption to various laboratory materials was evaluated, indicating that glass was largely inert but loss of 6PPDQ (including non-recoverable mass) to other material types was common, including materials commonly found in the laboratory. Aqueous leaching simulations from tire tread wear particles (TWPs) indicated short-term release of ∼5.2 μg 6PPDQ per gram TWP over 6 h under flow-through conditions. Aqueous stability tests observed a slight-to-moderate loss of 6PPDQ over 47 days (26 ± 3% loss) for pH 5, 7, and 9. These measured physicochemical properties suggest that 6PPDQ is generally poorly soluble (almost surprisingly so) but fairly stable over short time periods (~5% loss over 3d) in simple aqueous systems. 6PPDQ can also leach readily from TWPs for subsequent environmental transport, posing high potential for adverse effects in local aquatic environments.Chapter 3 evaluated the transformation kinetics of 6PPD degradation and 6PPDQ formation using heterogeneous 6PPD ozonation in the gas phase. We investigated TP formation occurring during heterogeneous reaction of gas-phase ozone with 6PPD; exposures included both pure 6PPD solids and TWP rubber. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest).

Empirical Approaches to the Near-Infrared Tip of the Red Giant Branch

Durbin, Meredith ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Wash 2023 해외박사(DDOD)

The infrared tip of the red giant branch (IR-TRGB) is a powerful tool for measuring distances to galaxies in the local Universe. However, establishing its absolute "anchor" with sufficient precision and accuracy has proved challenging due to lingering sources of systematic uncertainty in both theoretical predictions and empirical calibrations. Here I describe three studies aimed at improving observational constraints on the IR-TRGB. First, I develop a computational method for self-consistently measuring TRGB magnitudes and colors, and the covariance thereof, in multiwavelength stellar photometry catalogs. Traditional detection methods either marginalize over color, or else rely on assuming a fidicial color dependence, both of which may result in different stellar populations dominating the TRGB signal at different wavelengths. Next, I explore two complementary approaches to reconciling observations of the IR-TRGB as measured with ground- and space-based instruments respectively. The former are impacted by absorption features in Earth's atmosphere, where the latter are not. Furthermore, there is an extremely limited range of magnitudes at which current facilities can achieve the requisite data quality from both locations. To this end, I derive transformation equations between respective photometric systems using synthetic photometry of observed stellar spectra, and then present initial results from a three-year observing campaign designed to directly compare space- and ground-based observations of bright RGB stars in the Magellanic Clouds.

Ozone Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange in the Past, Present, and Future

Wang, Mingcheng ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Wash 2023 해외박사(DDOD)

As a key component of the Earth system, stratospheric ozone protects life on Earth from hazardous ultraviolet radiation and has a crucial impact on tropospheric chemistry. Stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) of ozone represents a significant source term in the tropospheric ozone budget and can impact surface ozone concentrations, tropospheric oxidation capacity, and methane lifetime. The stratospheric ozone and ozone STE in the past, present, and future climates are investigated in this dissertation.In Chapter 2, we estimate the STEs of air masses and ozone concentrations averaged over 2007 to 2010 using the Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Application, version 2 (MERRA2) and ERA5 reanalyses, and observations. The extratropical downward ozone fluxes are 528-543 Tg year-1 from these reanalyses and observations, consistent with previous studies. Previous studies, however, did not consider tropical upward ozone flux. Here we show that the tropical upward ozone flux is 185 Tg year-1, compensating about 35% of the extratropical downward ozone fluxes, and should not be neglected. After considering the tropical upward ozone flux, the global ozone STE is 347±12 Tg year-1, which can be used as the contribution of ozone STE to the tropospheric ozone budget. Cloud radiative effects on the STE of air mass and ozone are also investigated. At 380 K, cloud radiative effects enhance downward fluxes in the extratropics from both reanalyses and observation, but reduce and enhance upward fluxes in the tropics from reanalyses and observation, respectively. The discrepancy in the tropics is related to the tropical tropopause layer thin cirrus that is missing in the reanalyses. It is found the cloud radiative effects enhance the global ozone STE by about 25%.In Chapter 3, STE of air mass and ozone in ERA5 and MERRA2 reanalyses from 1980-2022 are investigated. We employ a lowermost stratosphere mass budget approach with dynamic isentropic surfaces fitted to tropical tropopause as the upper boundary of lowermost stratosphere. The seasonal cycle, annual-mean climatology, and monthly anomalies of air mass and ozone STEs are studied. The annual-mean ozone STEs over the NH extratropics, SH extratropics, tropics, extratropics, and globe in ERA5 are -342, -239, 201, -581, and -380 Tg year-1, respectively, versus -305, -224, 168, -529, -361 Tg year-1 from MERRA2. The annual-mean global ozone STE difference between ERA5 and MERRA2 is dominated by diabatic heating difference, partly compensated by ozone concentration difference. There are about 40% (-40%) differences between ERA5 and MERRA2 in global ozone STEs in boreal summer (autumn), mainly due to the difference in seasonal breathing of the lowermost stratosphere ozone mass between reanalyses. For the global ozone STE monthly anomalies, ERA5 and MERRA2 can only explain each other's variance by 30%. Multiple linear regression analysis shows that El Nino-Southern Oscillation, Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC), solar cycle, and volcanic aerosols can only explain the variance in global ozone STE monthly anomalies by 0.9-1.8, 2.5-3.9, 0.1-1.0, 0.2-0.3, 1.7-4.1%, respectively, with a residual variance larger than 90%. Furthermore, the volcanic aerosol impacts on ozone STEs from ERA5 and MERRA2 have opposite signs and thus are inconclusive. Cautions are therefore needed when using ERA5 and MERRA2 to investigate the STE seasonal cycle and interannual variability.Chapter 4 investigates the changes in the stratospheric ozone in the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) as compared with preindustrial (PI) climate, using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model 6 (WACCM6). It is shown that, compared with PI times, LGM modeled stratospheric temperatures are increased by up to 8 K, leading to faster ozone destruction rates for gas phase reactions, especially via the Chapman mechanism. On the other hand, stratospheric hydroxyl radical (OH) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) concentrations are decreased by 10-20%, which decreases catalytic ozone destruction, thereby decreasing ozone loss rates. The net effect of these two compensating mechanisms in the upper stratosphere (above 15 hPa) is a vertically-integrated 1-3 Dobson Unit (DU) decrease during the LGM. In the lower stratosphere (tropopause to 15 hPa), changes in the stratospheric overturning circulation and resulting transport dominate changes in ozone. Consistent with a weakening of the residual circulation in the LGM, lower stratospheric ozone is increased by 2-5 DU in the tropics and decreased by 5-10 DU in the extratropics, but the latter is partly compensated by ozone increases due to a lower tropopause. It is found that tropospheric ozone is decreased by about 5 DU in the LGM versus PI. Combined changes in stratospheric and tropospheric ozone lead to a decrease in total ozone column everywhere except over the northeast North America, equatorial Indian and west Pacific Oceans, and East Antarctica. Surface ultraviolet radiation in the LGM versus PI is increased over the Northern Hemisphere mid- and high-latitudes, especially over the ice caps, and over the Southern Hemisphere near 60° S.In Chapter 5, changes in the air mass and ozone STEs in the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) as compared with preindustrial (PI) climate are studied using WACCM6. We use dynamic isentropic surfaces that are determined by fitting to the tropical tropopauses as the upper boundary of the lowermost stratosphere in a mass budget approach, a method particularly suitable for estimating air mass and ozone STEs across different climates. Relative to the PI, the magnitude of ozone STE in the LGM is decreased by 14-19%, 18-24%, 18-23%, 16-21%, 15-21% over the NH extratropics, SH extratropics, the tropics, the extratropics, and the globe, respectively. The extratropical and global decreases are mainly caused by decreased ozone in the extratropical lower stratosphere associated with a weakening of BDC, while changes in air mass fluxes play a minor role because the effects of weakening BDC and increased isentropic density partly cancel each other. Analysis of the modelled tropospheric ozone budget indicates that the ozone STE in the LGM is 28% of the tropospheric ozone production rate, as compared to about 9% in the modern climate (year 2000) and 19% in the PI.In Chapter 6, we investigate changes in STE of air masses and ozone concentrations from 1960 to 2099 using multiple model simulations from the Chemistry Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) under the climate change scenario RCP6.0. We employ a lowermost stratosphere mass budget approach with dynamic isentropic surfaces fitted to the tropical tropopause as the upper boundary of lowermost stratosphere. The multi-model mean (MMM) trends of air mass STEs are all small over all regions, which are within 0.3 (0.1) % decade-1 for 1960-2000 (2000-2099). The MMM trends of ozone STE for 1960-2000 are 0.3, -2.7, 3.4, -0.9, and -2.7% decade-1 over the NH extratropics, SH extratropics, tropics, extratropics, and globe, respectively. The corresponding ozone STE trends for 2000-2099 are 3.0, 4.3, 0.8, 3.5, and 4.7% decade-1. Changes in ozone STEs are dominated by ozone concentration changes, driven by climate-induced changes and ozone-depleting substance (ODS) changes. For 1960-2000, small changes in ozone STEs in the NH extratropics are due to a cancellation between effects of climate-induced changes and ODS increases, while the ODS effect dominates in the SH extratropics, leading to a large ozone STE magnitude decrease. Increased ozone transport from tropical troposphere to stratosphere for 1960-2000 is due to increased tropospheric ozone. A decreased global ozone STE magnitude for 1960-2000 was largely caused by ODS-induced ozone loss that is partly compensated by climate-induced ozone changes. For 2000-2099, about two-thirds of global ozone STE magnitude increases are caused by ozone increases in the extratropical lower stratosphere due to climate-induced changes. The remaining one-third is caused by ozone recovery due to the phaseout of ODS.

In Silico Techniques to Improve Understanding of Gait in Cerebral Palsy

Kuska, Elijah C ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Wash 2023 해외박사(DDOD)

In this dissertation we focus on utilizing computer-aided engineering techniques to improve our understanding of gait in cerebral palsy (CP). CP is the most common motor disability in children and arises from a non-progressive brain injury at or near the time of birth which alters control (i.e., poor coordination and increased muscle co-contraction). Additionally, individuals with CP often develop secondary, progressive impairments like weakness and contracture. Current treatments to improve mobility in CP primarily target secondary impairments but functional outcomes are inconsistent, leaving treatment efficacy at around 50%. To improve treatment efficacy, clinicians need a better understanding of the complex interactions between, and relative effects of, multi-modal neuromuscular impairments on gait. However, eliciting interactions between, and relative effects of, neuromuscular impairments on gait is difficult or even impossible to do clinically and experimentally. Thus, the goal of this dissertation was to utilize in silico techniques to improve the understanding of gait in CP. Specifically, we use physics-based (i.e., musculoskeletal) modeling, optimal control (i.e., neuromuscular simulation), and data-driven modeling (i.e., machine learning) to investigate the interactions between, and relative effects of, altered control, muscle weakness, and contracture on gait and predict and understand gait energetics in CP which can be used to improve treatment efficacy. The effects of altered motor control on gait are poorly understood because altered control persists post-intervention and its relative effects are difficult to discern amidst secondary impairments, like weakness and contracture. Prior studies have investigated the impacts of weakness, contracture, and altered control on gait, but they have yet to be investigated together. Thus, in this dissertation we sought to understand the effects of, and interactions between, neuromuscular impairments during gait by utilizing a musculoskeletal model and neuromuscular simulation framework. We simulated nondisabled (ND) gait and then perturbed each simulation with altered control, weakness, and contracture of varying severities. We found that altered control exacerbated the restrictions imposed by secondary impairments: ND gait was less robust to, and required more muscle activation to adapt to, weakness and contracture with altered control when compared to unaltered control (Chapter 3). These findings highlight the inimical effects of altered control on gait and emphasize the advantages of in silico techniques to identify specific impairments, such as altered control, that should take treatment precedence (in silico-informed interventions). However, it is unclear if these conclusions extend to different gait patterns like those in CP. Abnormal gait patterns are common for individuals with CP; the most inimical and common of which is crouch gait. Crouch gait is characterized by excessive knee flexion, which increases knee extensor demand while reducing the knee extensor's ability to extend the knee making it inefficient and disadvantageous. In Chapter 4, we extended our prior computational methods to simulate crouch gait of varying severities. By simulating both crouch and ND gait, and incorporating machine learning (ML), we investigated if the interactions between, and relative effects of, neuromuscular impairments are gait pattern-specific. We determined that the interactions between, and relative effects of, neuromuscular impairments are gait pattern-specific highlighting advantages and disadvantages of walking in crouch. Thus, by combining computational techniques like modeling, simulation, and machine learning we elicited rationale for why individuals may select non-normative gait patterns and emphasized the utility of in silico techniques to parse and identify impairments primarily affecting function in CP which could then be used to inform treatment. Individuals with CP consume on average 2x the energy of their ND peers while walking; the origin of which remains unknown. Elevated energy consumption persists post-intervention making it a primary complaint among patients and objective of research in the CP community. We sought to accurately predict and understand energetics in CP with modeling, simulation, and machine learning to reduce clinical collection burden on patients and caregivers and improve identification of effective treatment methods for reducing energetics in CP. In the final study of this dissertation, we first used our modeling and simulation framework to generate and perturb walking simulations from gait data from the largest database of walking data for individuals with CP. Generated simulations then acted as synthetic data within a machine learning algorithm to complement existing clinical data and attempt to improve predictions of energetics in CP. Using simulations generated for 240 children with cerebral palsy we analyzed the energetic discrepancy-difference between measured and predicted-to identify primary mechanisms elevating energetics in CP (Chapter 5). Synthetic data generated from gait simulations marginally improve prediction accuracy of energetics in CP, but augmented discrepancy models-energetic predictions with the reconstructed discrepancy-improved modeling of CP energetics, identifying kinematics at initial contact and contracture as primary mechanisms elevating walking energy in CP. Utilizing in silico techniques can provide additional synthetic data (i.e., data augmentation) to reduce data collection burdens on patients, caregivers, and clinicians while eliciting additional insight in causal mechanisms affecting gait and function. This dissertation supports in silico informed interventions by improving our understanding of gait in CP. By utilizing modeling, simulation, and machine learning we examined the interactions between, and effects of, neuromuscular impairments on gait in both ND and CP individuals and how that information could better predict and understand energetics in CP. This work provides a foundation to utilize modeling, simulation, and machine learning to rapidly evaluate causal mechanisms impacting gait, probe and parse complex relationships between neuromuscular impairments, and incorporate synthetic data to better inform machine learning algorithms and clinical decision making. In conclusion, the work we have completed over the last 4 years highlights the benefits of in silico techniques to understand gait in CP, seeking to support the creation and implementation of in silico informed interventions for individuals with CP. .

Feminista Dance Disruptions in Fandango Temporalities

Viveros Avendano, Iris Crystal ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Wash 2023 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation examines fandango practice in Seattle and its transnational collaborations in Mexico within a larger trajectory of participatory traditions as decolonial pedagogies that help to build spaces of dialogue, critical consciousness, and transborder solidarities. These trajectories, of Indigenous and Chicane activism, are reinforced by prior translocal organizing of Mexican immigrants in Seattle since the 1990's with Grupo Cultural Oaxaqueno. I analyze fandango practice, including its music, as a community space that supports critical consciousness and in turn becomes a support in shaping transnational fandango spaces. Through a decolonial feminist praxis my analysis of fandango explores how women dancers - bailadoras - contribute to the collective fandango soundscape by creating percussive sounds with their bodies, when their rhythmic stomping, or zapateado might be otherwise bypassed by a more standard analysis that would focus only on the fandango music that is played with instruments. As a practitioner, I also know that the music of fandango, and specifically of dancers, involves acute listening to others in the percussive field. Inspired by fandango's sensorial pedagogies and the learning de a oido, I introduce the concept "radical relational listening" to explore listening on the tarima, platform drum center staged of fandangos, as a decolonial method oriented towards embodying relations--with the community and a larger human and non-human existence. This radical listening is animated by felt epistemologies or sentipensares; the acting of the heart using the head (Botero Gomez, 2019: 302). Bailadoras find pleasure in listening via feminist intimacy and through a willful enactment of collectivity through rhythms. In my study, I use the Indigenous concept of sentipensar to bridge radical relational listening with decolonial temporality. the tarima is a temporal and conceptual space where the ancestral memory of women gathers in the presence of community (human and non-human). As I argue, the cyclical footwork that bailadoras embody on the tarima, is the materialization of a decolonial temporality because, in addition to keeping time in music, the foot percussion that women embody on the tarima is not oriented towards capitalist individualism, but instead invites us to synchronize our bodies in horizontal relationships to one another and the land. In this way, the decolonial temporality that bailadoras sound out on the tarima through our zapateado disrupts colonial logics of consumption and individualized progress marked by the hegemony and monotonous single beat of a clock. Zapateado fandanguero is oriented towards building these relations in real-time and in the present by activating a collective memory that is ancestral and felt. Relational listening conceptualized on the tarima provides a point of entry to engage in dialogue, which is also the foundation of convivencia.I consider the bailadoras' contributions to fandango not only in terms of the music, but also in fandango's community building in their roles as the main organizers of the Seattle Fandango Project (SFP). By centering the analytical lens on the tarima, platform drum located at the center of the community music space, I highlight how by providing structure to the music through their cyclical foot percussion, bailadoras also influence the gender politics of the space and our collective consciousness.Lastly, the collective foot percussion of bailadoras provides me with the theoretical platform to explore fandango practice as a catalyst for expanding critical consciousness by building community across borders, which provides a foundation for strategically deploying technologies that counter state violence in Mexico and the US. Through a Women of Color and Indigenous feminist framework, my study of participatory traditions in Seattle's Grupo Cultural Oaxaqueno and the Seattle Fandango Project--seeks to bring visibility to the strategic organizing of Mexican immigrants and Chicanes fandango practitioners. Translocal fandango communities provide an opportunity to study embodied knowledge, affect, and joy as epistemological tools that facilitate transborder solidarity in response to state violence and capitalist oppression. By making visible fandango's oppositional pedagogies, this dissertation reconsiders the depoliticization of AfroIndigenous participatory music traditions in the liberal university, and its conventional discourses that frame oppositional movements as exclusively conflictual and disruptive. I argue instead that building communities of social awareness around joy and dignity is a revolutionary act.

Evaluation of New Vehicle Technologies and New Mobility Services as Sustainable Urban Transportation Solutions

Zou, Tianqi ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Wash 2023 해외박사(DDOD)

Focusing on shared micromobility and the application of vehicle automation to shared mobility, this dissertation develops new approaches to evaluating sustainability impacts of new vehicle technologies and new mobility services. For new technologies to deliver sustainability impacts, they must be adopted by the traveling public, employed at scale in day-to-day use, and deployed in a way that delivers societal benefits. This dissertation seeks to understand the motivations for consumers to adopt new technologies, create a framework for predicting the growth in market share of a new transportation mode, and develop an analytical tool that can be used by city planners to quantify the potential benefits of supporting new mobility services in their communities. Chapter 2 provided a comprehensive literature review on micromobility trip generation and quantified the effects of vehicle availability, bike infrastructure, and first and last mile connection to transit when autonomous technology is available using a stated preference and revealed preference survey. Chapter 3 proposed a novel method of matching PUMS and LODES data to synthesize commute trips nationwide and proposed a simulation framework that can be flexibly implemented with other mode choice models, updated using advanced methods and newer data, and adapted to different geographic aggregation levels. Chapter 4 integrated findings and methods from Chapter 2 and 3 and developed a tool that uses real-world data to estimate ridership and associated sustainability impacts of micromobility services.Findings from this dissertation show that access to bikes/scooters and dedicated bike lanes are very important factors for micromobility trip generation. Results also suggest that autonomous technology can create new opportunities for micromobility services to attract and serve more riders. Applying the proposed demand and impact simulation framework, this dissertation sheds light on the potential for ridehailing service adoption in different parts of the country, in a future with driverless cars. The modeling framework and tools developed in the dissertation can also help regulators and researchers understand where new mobility services can make the biggest impacts on ridership, accessibility, and reducing emissions, to further assist transportation planning and policy making.

Priority Setting for Achieving Universal Health Coverage in Nigeria: A Spatial and Temporal Analysis and Cost-Benefit Analysis

Kawakatsu, Yoshito ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Wash 2023 해외박사(DDOD)

Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is an urgent global priority outlined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to ensure the accessibility of health services for all people without causing financial hardship. If current progress continues to 2030, 37% to 61% of the global population will not be covered by essential health services. Therefore, we need to accelerate the increase of service coverage to achieve the UHC target by 2030.There are three specific aims of this dissertation; 1) To identify both individual and contextual factors that are consistently associated with utilization of nine essential maternal and child health services (i.e., ANC, facility-based delivery, modern contraceptive use, immunizations, and childhood illnesses), across survey years and household geolocations, using five national representative cross-sectional surveys in Nigeria; 2) To estimate grid-level coverage of selected essential MCH services in Nigeria using generalized additive models (GAMs) and Gradient Boosting (GB) 3) To estimate required costs and avoidable child deaths by increasing selected essential health service coverage in each community, and to identify the priority sub-national areas.This dissertation emphasizes the importance of multi-dimensional priority setting in achieving Universal Health Coverage in Nigeria. By identifying the factors influencing health service utilization, assessing regional disparities, estimating required costs, and quantifying potential impacts, policymakers can make evidence-based decisions to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare interventions. The findings and recommendations of this research contribute to the broader global agenda of achieving UHC and improving health outcomes for all populations, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.

Self-Monitoring Using a Digital Versus Paper DBT Diary Card Format: Predicting Fidelity of Completion, Self-Reported Mental Health Symptoms, and Social Acceptability

Anderson, Morgan ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Wash 2023 해외박사(DDOD)

Prevalence of mental health needs, particularly those related to anxiety, depression, and emotion regulation, are on the rise in higher education institutions (Auerbach et al., 2016; Blanco et al., 2008). Research has shown college and university student help-seeking behavior varies by identity and many students are often reluctant to seek support (Oswalt et al., 2020; Rickwood et al., 2007), and yet, there are increasing rates of students seeking counseling supports on college and university campuses (Abrams, 2020; Prince, 2015; Son et al., 2020; Xiao et al., 2017). To support students' mental health needs, creative, preventive mental health care is needed in higher education institutions. The present study is situated within the context of a preventive mental health care intervention for undergraduate students in the form of an optional, universally offered course. The course draws on principles of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance-Commitment Therapy, and Positive Psychology. In order to track intervention efficacy and support generalization and rehearsal of learned skills, students are tasked with using a self-monitoring tool called a diary card. Behavior change literature suggests that self-monitoring is a key factor in goal attainment and can even promote better intervention outcomes (Harkin et al., 2016; Kruglanski et al., 2002). Effective self-monitoring is that which is completed with fidelity, meaning high accuracy and consistency, both of which stand to be improved by technology. Digital formats of self-monitoring are increasingly popular because of their implications for self-monitoring fidelity and social acceptability (Aguilera, 2015; Avina, 2008; Cristol, 2018; Bedesem, 2012; Borntrager & Lyon, 2015; Dennison et al., 2013; Marzano et al., 2015; Melbye et al., 2020; Murnane et al., 2016; Sin et al., 2020; Ysseldyke et al., 2006). However, there remains a lack of robust evidence to support the use of digital self-monitoring tools in mental health interventions. This study adds to existing literature by using quantitative and qualitative methods to further explore the efficacy and social acceptability of a digital diary card used within a preventive mental health course at the university level. Students enrolled in the course were randomly assigned either to the Business as Usual (BAU) paper diary card or the digitally formatted diary card. Multiple regression analysis showed the digital diary card format uniquely predicted lower completion fidelity and social acceptability. Qualitative interviews further revealed students had difficulty with using and submitting the digital diary card, but even in spite of these challenges, would prefer a digital diary card in the future, emphasizing the importance of ease of use and submission in future designs. This paper concludes with recommendations for the design and implementation of a digital self-monitoring tool and directions for future research. .