부모로부터의 심리적 독립, 자기개념 명확성 및 정서표현 갈등이 대학생의 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향

이은정 호서대학교 일반대학원 2016 국내석사

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of psychological independence from parents, self-concept clarity, and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness on subjective well-being of college students. To this end, we collected data from 410 students of a four-year university located in Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea, by conducting a survey using self-report questionnaires from 216 male students and 194 female students. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS 21.0 program for descriptive statistics analysis, t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Scheffe test, Pearson correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, simple correlations among psychological independence from parents, self-concept clarity, and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness on subjective well-being of college students were significant and negative, except for the correlation between self-concept clarity and subjective well-being. Second, with respect to a difference between genders, male students had a higher level of conflictual independence, which is a sub-factor of psychological independence from parents, had a higher awareness of relationship-concerned ambivalence, which is a sub-factor of ambivalence over emotional expressiveness, and were more aware of subjective well-being, than female students. With respect to a difference between grades, juniors had the highest level of psychological independence from parents, and seniors had the highest level of both self-concept clarity and subjective well-being. Third, the results of stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that psychological independence from parents and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness had negative effects on subjective well-being, and only the self-concept clarity had a positive effect on subjective well-being. With respect to a difference between genders, the effects of self-concept clarity and conflictual independence from mother had significant effects on subjective well-being in both cases of male and female students. Only the effect of sub-factor of psychological independence from mother was significant in male students, while the effects of behavioral independence from father and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness were negative in female students. With respect to a difference between grades, self-concept clarity was proven to be a factor that had a positive effect on subjective well-being in students of three grades (freshmen, sophomores, and seniors). As for the effect of psychological independence from parents, despite differences among grades, psychological independence from mother had a more significant effect on subjective well-being than psychological independence from father. As mentioned before, it can be seen that psychological independence from parents for college students and their self-concept clarity, their ambivalence over emotional expressiveness have positive effects on their subjective well-being. Further, the results are shown that there are differences between gender and grades in terms of effects of psychological independence from parents and self-concept clarity, ambivalence over emotional expressiveness on their subjective well-being. Based on the results, this study provide the programs and counseling interventions for college students and implications for future research. 이 연구의 목적은 대학생의 부모로부터의 심리적 독립, 자기개념 명확성, 정서표현 갈등과 주관적 안녕감의 관계를 살펴보고 부모로부터의 심리적 독립, 자기개념 명확성, 정서표현 갈등의 수준에 따라 주관적 안녕감에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지 알아 보는 것이다. 이를 위하여 충청남도에 소재하는 4년제 대학교에 재학 중인 학생 410명을 연구대상으로 자기보고식 질문지를 사용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 설문조사 대상 중 남자는 216명이고 여자는 194명이다. 설문조사를 통해 수집된 자료는 SPSS 21.0 프로그램을 사용하였고 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA 및 사후검증(Scheffe test), Pearson 상관분석, 단계적 중다회기분석(Stepwise Multiple regression analysis)를 실시하였다. 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부모로부터의 심리적 독립, 자기개념 명확성, 정서표현 갈등과 주관적 안녕감의 변수 간 단순상관이 자기개념 명확성과 주관적 안녕감간의 상관을 제외하고는 모두 유의한 부적 상관관계를 나타냈다. 둘째, 성별에 따른 차이는 여자보다 남자가 부모로부터의 심리적 독립의 하위변인인 갈등적 독립의 수준이 높고 정서표현 갈등의 하위변인인 관계관여적 양가성을 더 높게 지각하고, 주관적 안녕감을 더 높이 지각했다. 학년에 따른 차이는 부모로부터의 심리적 독립은 3학년이 수준이 가장 높았고, 자기개념 명확성과 주관적 안녕감에서 모두 4학년이 더 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 중다회귀분석의 결과는 부모로부터의 심리적 독립과 정서표현 갈등은 주관적 안녕감의 부적 영향을 미치며, 자기개념 명확성만이 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 성별에 따른 영향으로는 자기개념 명확성과 모로부터의 갈등적 독립이 남녀 모두 동일한 순서로 주관적 안녕감에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 남자의 경우 모로부터의 심리적 독립의 하위 변인만이 유의미한 영향을 미치는데 반해 여자의 경우는 부로부터의 태도적 독립과 정서표현 갈등이 부적영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 학년에 따른 영향으로는 3개의 학년(1학년, 2학년, 4학년)에서 자기개념 명확성은 주관적 안녕감에 정적영향을 주는 변인으로 나타났으며, 학년마다 차이는 있지만 부모로부터의 심리적 독립에 있어 부의 심리적 독립수준 보다 모의 심리적 독립수준이 주관적 안녕감에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과를 통하여, 대학생의 부모로부터의 심리적독립, 자기개념 명확성과 정서표현 갈등은 주관적 안녕감에 긍정적인 기능을 하는 요인이라는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 성별과 학년에 따라 부모로부터의 심리적독립, 자기개념 명확성과 정서표현 갈등이 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향의 차이를 확인하고 이를 토대로 하여 대학생의 주관적 안녕감 향상을 위한 상담 및 프로그램에 대한 전략을 제시하였다.

아동통합사례관리사의 사례관리수행 영향요인에 관한 연구

신희진 호서대학교 일반대학원 2022 국내박사

우리나라의 빈곤아동을 위한 대표적인 사회복지 공공기관은 드림스타트이다. 드림스타트는 취약계층 아동을 대상으로 보건, 복지, 보호, 교육, 치료 등을 종합적으로 지원하는 기관이다. 드림스타트는 “맞춤형 통합 서비스를 제공하여 아동의 건강한 성장과 발달을 도모하고 공평한 출발기회를 보장함으로써 건강하고 행복한 사회구성원으로서 성장할 수 있도록 지원하는 사업” www.dreamstart.go.kr 이다. 드림스타트는 취약계층 아동에게 맞춤형 통합서비스를 제공하는 공공 전달체계로 특히 통합사례관리를 강조해 왔다. 본 연구는 우리나라 공공 아동복지분야의 대표적인 기관인 드림스타트에서 근무하는 아동통합사례관리사를 대상으로 사례관리 수행 수준을 파악하고, 사례관리수행에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 통합적인 요인을 적용하여 사례관리수행에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 드림스타트의 홈페이지에 등재된 지역 드림스타트 229개소의 아동통합사례관리사를 대상으로, 2022년 10월 21일부터 11월30일까지 설문조사를 실시하였다. 자료의 수집은 한국사회과학데이터센터(KSDC DB)의 ONLINE SURVEY를 이용하여 연구대상자가 접속하여 응답할 수 있게 하였다. 응답자는 259명이었고 업무영역이 다른 설문 대상자 11명을 제외한 248명의 응답 데이터를 분석하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 22.0 통계프로그램을 사용하여 요인분석, 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA, 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 종속변수인 사례관리수행은 평균 4.00으로 나타났으며, 사례관리수행의 단계별 분석 결과, 점검·평가·종결 단계의 평균(4.13)이 가장 높았으며, 그 다음으로 초기상담·욕구사정·계획수립(4.03), 개입 실천(3.98), 운영체계(3.89) 순으로 나타났다. 독립변수로는 가족중심실천의 평균이 4.10으로 가장 높게 나타났고, 그 다음이 대인관계(3.76), 전문직 정체성(3.62), 직무스트레스(3.44), 조직환경(3.31) 순으로 나타났다. 둘째, 인구 사회학적 특성인 연령, 학력, 직책, 사례 수에 따라 주요 변수의 차이를 분석한 결과, 연령에 따라 가족중심실천 및 전문직정체성에서 집단 간 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났으며, 50대 이상의 집단이 30대 및 40대와 비교하여 점수가 높았다. 학력에 따라서는 대인관계, 전문직 정체성, 사례관리 수행에서 대학원 졸업자가 전문대학 졸업자보다 점수가 높게 나타났다. 직책에 따라서는 직무스트레스에 있어서 간호사보다 보육교사의 스트레스가 더 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 주요 변수 간 상관관계를 파악한 결과, 변수 간 상관계수는 -.235에서. 693 사이로 나타났으며, 사례관리수행은 가족중심실천 및 전문직 정체성과 상관관계가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 대인관계는 사례관리 수행에 영향을 미치지는 않았으나 대인관계 하위요인인 친근감이 운영체계에 영향을 미쳤다. 다섯째, 가족중심실천이 사례관리 수행에 가장 높게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 가족중심실천의 하위요인인 가족 전문가와 협의 서비스와 개별적 대응 서비스가 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. . 여섯째, 전문직 정체성이 사례관리 수행에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 하위요인인 윤리의식 정도가 높아지면 사례관리 수행 정도가 높아질 것으로 예측되었다. 일곱째, 직무스트레스에서 하위요인인 역할 모호가 사례관리의 각 단계에서 통계적으로 유의하게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 여덟째, 조직 환경요인으로는 네트워크가 사례관리 수행에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 독립변수를 모두 포함한 다중회귀분석에서 사례관리 수행 단계에 영향을 미치는 변수로는 가족중심실천과 전문직정체성인 것으로 나타났다. 각 변수의 하위요인들을 독립변수로 하여 분석한 결과, 대인관계에서는 친근감, 가족중심실천에서는 가족전문가와 협의, 전문직 정체성에서는 윤리의식,직무스트레스에서는 역할모호, 조직환경에서는 네트워크가 사례관리수행에영향을 미치는영향요인으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 기존 연구와 비교하여 논의하였고, 드림스타트 아동통합사례관리사의 사례관리수행을 향상하는 방안을 제시하였다. Dream Start is a representative social welfare public institution for impoverished children in Korea. Dream Start is an institution that comprehensively supports health, welfare, protection, education, and treatment for children from vulnerable groups. Dream Start is “a project that supports children to grow up as healthy and happy members of society by providing customized integrated services to promote the healthy growth and development of children and guarantee a fair start” (www.dreamstart.go.kr). Dream Start is a public delivery system that provides customized integrated services to children from vulnerable groups, and has particularly emphasized integrated case management. This study aims to identify the level of case management performance of child integrated case managers working at Dream Start, a representative institution in the field of public child welfare in Korea, and apply integrated factors that can affect case management performance to improve case management performance. The purpose is to identify the influencing factors. A survey was conducted from October 21, 2022 to November 30, 2022, targeting child integration case managers in 229 regional Dream Start sites listed on the Dream Start homepage. Data were collected using ONLINE SURVEY of the Korea Social Science Data Center (KSDC DB) so that the research subjects could access and respond. The number of respondents was 259, and the response data of 248 people, excluding 11 respondents from different business areas, were analyzed. The collected data were subjected to factor analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 22.0 statistical program. The main research results are as follows. First, the dependent variable, case management performance, showed an average of 4.00. As a result of the case management performance step-by-step analysis, the average (4.13) of the inspection, evaluation, and closure stages was the highest, followed by initial counseling, needs assessment, and planning. Establishment (4.03), intervention practice (3.98), and operating system (3.89) appeared in order. As an independent variable, the average of family-centered practice was 4.10, which was the highest, followed by interpersonal relationships (3.76), professional identity (3.62), job stress (3.44), and organizational environment (3.31). Second, as a result of analyzing the differences in major variables according to sociodemographic characteristics such as gender, age, education, position, and number of cases, statistically significant differences were found between groups in family-centered practice and professional identity according to age. The group of older than 30s scored higher than those in their 30s and 40s. Depending on academic background, graduates of graduate schools scored higher than graduates of junior colleges in interpersonal relationships, professional identity, and case management performance. Depending on the position, job stress was higher for child care teachers than for nurses. Third, as a result of identifying the correlation between major variables, the correlation coefficient between variables was -.235. 693, and case management performance was found to be highly correlated with family-centered practice and professional identity. Fourth, interpersonal relationships did not affect case management performance, but friendliness, a sub-factor of interpersonal relationships, did affect the operating system. Fifth, it was found that family-centered practice has the highest impact on case management performance, and family experts and consultation services and individual response services, which are sub-factors of family-centered practice, have an effect. . Sixth, it was found that professional identity had an effect on case management performance. It was predicted that the degree of case management performance would increase if the degree of ethical awareness, a sub-factor, increased. Seventh, it was found that role ambiguity, a sub-factor in job stress, had a statistically significant effect in each stage of case management. Eighth, as an organizational environment factor, the network was found to have an effect on case management performance. As a result of the above, in the multiple regression analysis including all independent variables, it was found that the variables affecting case management performance were family-centered practice and professional identity. As a result of analyzing the sub-factors of each variable as independent variables, intimacy in interpersonal relationships, consultation with family experts in family-centered practice, ethical consciousness in professional identity, role ambiguity in job stress, and network in organizational environment affect case management performance. appeared as an influencing factor. The results of this study were compared with previous studies and discussed, and ways to improve the case management performance of Dream Start child integrated case managers were suggested.

중국 대학생의 진로장벽 지각, 긍정심리자본, 진로결정 자기효능감과 진로준비행동 간의 구조관계 및 성별 간 다집단분석 : 사회인지 진로이론을 중심으로

장천 호서대학교 일반대학원 2023 국내박사

본 연구의 목적은 진로장벽 지각, 긍정심리자본, 진로결정 자기효능감과 진로준비행동의 구조적 관계를 확인하고, 긍정심리자본과 진로결정 자기효능감이 진로장벽 지각과 진로준비행동 간에 매개효과가 있는지, 남녀대학생 집단 간의 경로 차이가 있는지 검증하는 데에 있다. 이를 위한 구체적인 연구문제는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중국 대학생의 진로장벽 지각, 진로결정 자기효능감, 긍정심리자본 및 진로준비행동 간의 관계는 어떠한가? 둘째, 중국 대학생의 진로장벽 지각이 진로준비행동에 미치는 영향에서 진로결정 자기효능감, 긍정심리자본의 매개효과가 있는가? 셋째, 진로장벽 지각, 진로결정 자기효능감, 긍정심리자본 및 진로준비행동 간의 관계가 성별에 따라 차이를 갖는가? 이를 위하여 중국 쓰촨성(四川省), 구이저우성(贵州省), 랴오닝성(辽宁省)에 소재한 대학에 재학 중인 4년제 대학생 542명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. SPSS 25.0 프로그램으로 기본적인 기술통계와 상관분석을 실시하였고, AMOS 24.0 프로그램으로 구조방정식 모형을 검증하고 성별에 따른 다집단분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 진로장벽 지각, 긍정심리자본과 진로결정 자기효능감과 진로준비행동 사이에는 의미 있는 영향관계가 존재한다. 즉, 진로장벽 지각은 긍정심리자본, 진로결정 자기효능감과 진로준비행동에 의미 있는 부적인 영향을 미친다. 긍정심리자본은 진로결정 자기효능감과 진로준비행동에 그리고 진로결정 자기효능감은 진로준비행동에 유의미한 정적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 진로장벽 지각이 진로준비행동에 미치는 영향의 관계에서 긍정심리자본과 진로결정 자기효능감은 부분매개효과가 있었다. 또한 순차적 매개효과도 있었는데 이는 진로장벽 지각이 차례로 긍정심리자본, 진로결정자기효능감을 통해 대학생의 진로준비행동에 영향을 미치고 있다는 것이다. 따라서 진로교육 및 직업지도에서 대학생의 긍정심리자본 육성을 강화하고 진로결정 자기효능감을 향상시켜 진로장벽 지각이 진로준비행동에 미치는 부정적인 영향을 줄여야 한다. 셋째, 진로장벽 지각, 진로결정 자기효능감, 긍정심리자본, 진로준비행동 간의 영향관계는 성별에 따라 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 여학생의 경우는 남학생에 비해 진로결정 자기효능감과 진로장벽지각이 진로준비행동에 미치는 영향력이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과로 볼 때 대학생 진로준비행동의 수준을 높이기 위해 객관적인 환경요인 외에, 대학생 개인 자신의 주관적인 요인에도 관심을 두어야 한다. 동시에 긍정심리자본과 진로결정효능감은 개개의 특징요소로서 단시일 내에 형성될 수 없으므로 대학에서 진로상담과 진로개발 프로젝트를 진행할 때 프로젝트의 단계성과 연속성을 고려해야 한다. 그리고 진로지도를 할 때, 남녀 대학생 집단에 대해 적절한 진로 지도방안을 제정해야 하며, 남녀대학생의 진로준비수준을 맞춤형으로 향상시켜야 할 것이다.

중국 대학 피아노 교육에서 중국 작품의 활용 양상 : 학생과 교사에 대한 설문조사를 바탕으로

정웨이 호서대학교 일반대학원 2023 국내박사

중국 대학 피아노 교육에서 중국 작품의 활용 양상 - 학생과 교사에 대한 설문조사를 바탕으로 호서대학교대학원 문화예술학과 박사과정 정웨이 지도교수: 권도희 본 연구에서는 중국 민족음악 교육사를 검토하고 중국 피아노 교재 분석과 학생 및 교강사의 설문조사를 통해, 중국 대학 피아노 교육에서 의 중국 작품의 활용 양상을 고찰하였다. 중국 피아노 교육의 발전 과정을 민국시대(1912-1949), 신중국 건국 초기(1949-1966), 문화대혁명 시대(1966-1976), 개혁개방부터 20세기 말 (1978-2000), 최근(2000-)의 다섯 시기로 구분하여, 민족음악 교육의 발 전과 함께 중국 피아노 음악교육이 서양식 피아노 교육에서 점차 중국 본토의 피아노 교육으로 변화한 것을 파악하였다. 다만 대부분의 교재 에는 중국식 피아노 작품은 상대적으로 낮은 비중을 보여, 학생들의 피아노 학습 수요를 충족시키기에는 부족하다고 할 수 있다. 민국시대는 민족화에 대한 탐구가 중요시되어 중국의 민속음악이나 전통음악을 도입한 중국식 피아노 작품이 다수 창작되었다. 신중국 건국 초기에 중국식 피아노 작품 창작은 민족화와 관련하여 큰 성과를 거두었으나, 문화대혁명기에 문화예술 사업이 큰 충격을 받으면서 중국 식 피아노 창작도 침 제된다. 개혁개방 초기부터 20세기에 이르러 교 육이 회복되면서 중국식 피아노 작품의 창작 수도 증가하고, 소수민족 음악이 피아노 창작의 민족화에 중요한 자원으로 사용되었으며, 최근 동안에는 강한 지역적 특성과 민족적 특성을 가진 피아노 작품이 다수 창작되었다. 300명의 대학 음악 전공생과 30명의 대학 피아노 교강사를 대상으로 설문조사를 하여 실제 교육현장에서의 중국식 피아노 교육에 관한 현 황을 파악했다. 학생들은 중국식 피아노 작품을 학교 수업에서 배우기를 희망하고 있었으며, 교강사들은 피아노 교육에서 중국식 작품의 비 중이 상대적으로 적고 수업 시간에 교육의 수요를 충족시키기 어렵다는 견해를 보였다. 이러한 문제점과 교육 현장의 요구에 따라 중국식 피아노 작품 과정 시스템을 설계하고 피아노 이론 과정과 피아노 실기 과정을 결합한 중 국식 피아노 작품 학습 프로그램 개발의 필요성을 파악할 수 있었다. 이에 중국식 피아노 작품을 교육에서 어떻게 활용할 수 있는지 그 방안을 제안했다. 중국 대학 피아노 전공의 교육 목표에 맞추어 중국식 피아노 작품의 교육 과정 계획 및 평가 시스템을 설계했는데, 이는 중국 대학 피아노 교육에서의 효율적 활용을 기대할 수 있을 것이다. This paper summarizes the history of Chinese folk music education, analyzes the Chinese piano teaching materials, and discusses the application of Chinese works in Chinese university piano education. The development course of piano education in China is divided into five periods: Republic of China (1912-1949), New China (1949-1966), Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), Reform and Opening up to the end of 20th century (1978-2000).However, in most textbooks, the proportion of Chinese piano works is relatively low, which cannot meet the needs of students to learn piano.During the Republic of China, the exploration of nationalization was emphasized, and many Chinese-style piano works introduced Chinese folk music or traditional music were created.In the early days of the founding of New China, the creation of Chinese piano works made great achievements in nationalization, but during the Cultural Revolution, the cause of culture and arts was greatly shocked and the creation of Chinese piano was suppressed. From the beginning of reform and opening up to the 20th century, with the recovery of education, the number of Chinese piano works has increased. A questionnaire survey of 300 music students and 30 piano teachers was conducted to find out the actual teaching situation of Chinese piano teaching.Students want to learn Chinese piano works in the school classroom, and the teaching staff think that the proportion of Chinese piano works in piano education is relatively small, and classroom teaching is difficult to meet the teaching needs. According to these problems and the requirements of the educational field, it is possible to design a Chinese-style piano work curriculum system and grasp the necessity of developing a Chinese-style piano work learning program combining piano theory and piano practice. In response, he suggested how to use Chinese piano works in education. Aiming at the teaching goal of piano major in Chinese universities, this paper designs a training course planning and evaluation system for piano works in Chinese universities. 本研究對中國民族音樂教育史進行了綜述,通過對中國鋼琴教材的分析和學生和教研人員的問卷調查,探討了中國作品在中國大學鋼琴教育中的應用現狀。 將中國鋼琴教育的發展歷程分爲民國時期(1912—1949)、新中國成立初期(1949—1966)、文化大革命時期(1966—1976)、改革開放到 20 世紀末(1978—2000)和新世紀(2000—)五個時期,隨着民族音樂教育的發展,瞭解到中國鋼琴音樂教育逐漸由西式鋼琴教育向中國本土鋼琴教育轉變。但在大部分教材中,中式鋼琴作品所佔比重相對較低,不能滿足學生學習鋼琴的需求。民國時代重視對民族化的探索,創作了很多引進中國民俗音樂或傳統音樂的中國式鋼琴作品。新中國成立初期,中式鋼琴作品創作在民族化方面取得了巨大成果,但在文化大革命時期,文化藝術事業受到巨大沖擊,中式鋼琴創作也受到壓制。從改革開放初期到 20 世紀,隨着教育的恢復,中式鋼琴作品的創作數量也不斷增加,少數民族音樂作爲鋼琴創作的民族化的重要資源,在新世紀中創作了一大批具有強烈地域特點和民族特色的鋼琴作品。 對 300 名高校音樂專業學生和 30 名高校鋼琴教師進行問卷調查,瞭解中式鋼琴教學的實際教學情況。學生希望在學校課堂上學習中式鋼琴作品,教研人員認爲中式鋼琴作品在鋼琴教育中的比重相對較小,課堂教學難以滿足教學需求。 根據這些問題和教育現場的要求,可以設計中國式鋼琴作品課程系統,掌握開發結合鋼琴理論課程和鋼琴實踐課程的中國式鋼琴作品學習項目的必要性。對此,提出了如何在教育中利用中國式鋼琴作品的方案。針對中國大學鋼琴專業的教學目標,設計了中式鋼琴作品培訓課程規劃及評價體系,有望在中國大學鋼琴教育中得到有效利用。

플립러닝 기반 미술수업이 중국 대학생의 비판적 사고성향, 문제해결능력, 자기조절학습능력, 학습참여도, 학업성적에 미치는 효과

자오양 호서대학교 일반대학원 2023 국내박사

본 연구의 목적은 대학교 미술 교육에서 학습자 중심의 플립러닝 수업이 학생들의 비판적 사고성향, 문제해결능력, 자기조절학습능력, 학습참여도, 학업성적에 미치는 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 이러한 연구 목적을 달성하기 위한 연구 문제는 플립러닝 기반 미술교육을 적용한 실험집단과 전통수업을 실시한 통제집단 사이에 비판적 사고성향, 문제해결능력, 자기조절학습능력, 학습참여도와 학업성적에 차이가 있는가 이다. 본 연구를 위해 중국 구이저우성 동인시 한 대학교 1학년 “미술기초와 수공제작 교육” 교과목을 수강하는 4개 반을 선택하여 무작위로 2개 반 90명을 실험집단으로, 나머지 2개 반 90명을 통제집단으로 선정하였다. 실험집단에는 플립러닝 방법을 적용하였고, 통제집단에는 전통적 강의수업을 진행하였다. 실험은 2022년 4월 중순부터 2022년 6월 말까지 약 10주에 걸쳐 주 1회씩 총 10회 실시하였다. 자료처리는 SPSS 프로그램을 사용하여 실험집단 및 통제집단 간의 독립표본 t-검증을 실시하여 그 효과를 검증하였다. 플립러닝 기반 실험집단과 전통수업을 진행한 통제집단의 교육 내용은 주로 미술기본과 수공제작으로 동일하여 simple line-drawing, 색채 기초, 수공제작 등 3가지 주제를 다루었다. 본 연구에서의 플립러닝 기반 수업 모델은 ADDIE 모형을 사용하였다. 실험집단은 수업 전 교사가 미리 준비한 동영상 학습 자료를 미리 보고, 도입단계에서 학생들이 사전학습에서 겪는 어려움이나 질문 등을 교사와 상호작용을 통해 해결한다. 수업 중에는 수업에서 사용하는 다양한 학습 자료를 활용하여 협동 학습 및 토론을 통해 다른 문제를 해결한다. 수업 후에는 학생들은 교사의 명확한 설명 및 피드백을 다시 참고하며 수업에서 배우는 지식 및 기술을 적용하여 활용하도록 하였다. 연구결과에 따르면 플립러닝 기반 미술교육은 대학생의 비판적 사고성향(진실추구, 개방성, 분석 , 체계성, 비판적 사고의 자신감, 호기심, 성숙), 문제해결능력(문제인식, 정보수집, 분석능력, 확산적 사고, 의사결정, 기획력, 실행과 모험 감수, 평가 및 피드백), 자기조절학습능력(메타인지 전략, 동기/의지 전략, 자원관리 전략, 학습전략, 정서조절 전략), 학습 참여도(주의 집중력, 교수-학생 상호작용, 학생간의 상호작용, 수업 흥미도, 비판적 사고, 수업 만족도)와 학업성적 향상에 효과가 있다는 것으로 나타났다. 이처럼 플립러닝을 기반으로 한 대학 미술수업을 통해 학생의 비판적 사고성향, 문제해결능력, 자기조절학습능력, 학습참여도, 학업성적이 향상됐다. 플립러닝에 기초한 대학 미술교육 과정의 필요성이 다시 강조되고 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 대학 미술수업의 어려움을 극복하고, 중국 대학교 미술교육 개혁의 진행을 추진하는데 중요한 의의를 가지고 있다. The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of learner-centered flip learning classes on students' critical thinking tendency, problem-solving ability, self-regulated learning ability, learning participation, and academic performance in university art education. The research question to achieve this research purpose is whether there is a difference in critical thinking tendency, problem-solving ability, self-regulated learning ability, learning participation, and academic performance between the experimental group applying flip learning-based art education and the control group that conducted traditional classes. For this study, four classes were selected for the first year of a university in Tonyin, Guizhou Province, China, and 90 people in two classes were randomly selected as experimental groups and 90 people in the remaining two classes as control groups. The flip learning method was applied to the experimental group, and traditional lecture classes were conducted to the control group. The experiment was conducted a total of 10 times, once a week, over about 10 weeks from mid-April 2022 to the end of June 2022. For data processing, independent sample t-verification between the experimental group and the control group was performed using the SPSS program to verify its effectiveness. The educational contents of the flip learning-based experimental group and the control group that conducted traditional classes were mainly the same as art basic and hand-made, dealing with three topics: simple line-drawing, color basic, and hand-made. The ADDIE model was used as the flip learning-based instructional model in this study. The experimental group previews video learning materials prepared by teachers before class and solves the difficulties or questions students face in pre-learning during the introduction stage through interaction with teachers. During class, various learning materials used in class are used to solve other problems through cooperative learning and discussion. After class, students were asked to refer to the teacher's clear explanation and feedback again and apply and utilize the knowledge and skills learned in the class. According to the research, flip learning-based art education is based on the critical thinking tendency of college students (truth-seeking, openness, systematic, confidence, curiosity, maturity of critical thinking), problem-solving skills (problem awareness, information collection, analysis, diffusion, decision-making, planning, execution and adventure-taking, evaluation and feedback). As such, students' critical thinking tendency, problem-solving ability, self-regulated learning ability, learning participation, and academic performance have improved through flipped learning-based college art classes. The need for a university art curriculum based on flip learning is being emphasized again. The results of this study have important significance in overcoming the difficulties of university art classes and promoting the progress of art education reform at Chinese universities.

제3자 보관 수사자료의 효과적인 수집방안 연구 : 전자정보의 압수·수색을 중심으로

박봉균 호서대학교 일반대학원 2023 국내박사

The ‘Data 3 Act’ was revised in 2020. The three data laws refer to the Information and Communications Network Act, the Personal Information Protection Act (‘PIPA’), and the Credit Information Act. This revision was enacted to reflect social requests following the advent of the 4th Industrial Revolution era and the special recommendations of the National Assembly’s 4th Industrial Revolution Special Committee. As a result of the revision, a legal basis for combining data was provided, and pseudonymous information could be used without the individual’s consent if de-identification measures were taken for the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data. In an effort to innovate regulations to revitalize the data economy, legal systems that overlap or are similar to the PIPA were established. In other words, the personal information protection obligations of information and communication service providers stipulated in Chapter 4 of the Information and Communications Network Act were unified into Chapter 6 of the PIPA, and special provisions for personal information processing were provided to information and communication service providers. As a result, information and communication service providers have established themselves as important personal information processors for personal information protection. People always belong to social groups, and social groups have behavioral norms that members must adhere to. The universal essence of crime is violation of behavioral norms. However, in modern life, mobile phones and the Internet have become so difficult to live without even for a single day. Crimes are also committed using the advantages of this civilization, and most criminal investigations are solved through these methods. This is because most of the information used in crimes is communicated through these devices. Currently, the collection of investigation data on information and communication service providers is mainly carried out through electronic information seizure and search under the Criminal Procedure Act. Meanwhile, the laws on the basis of electronic information seizure and search are being revised, and new laws are being steadily enacted. The police established investigation rules for 2021 and specified precautions such as methods of seizing and searching electronic information, hash value confirmation, and guaranteeing participation rights stipulated in Article 219 of the Criminal Procedure Act. In addition, the revised Criminal Procedure Act in 2022 required a copy of the warrant to be issued when executing a search and seizure warrant in order to substantially guarantee the suspect’s right to defense, and the Criminal Procedure Electronic Documents Act was enacted to require ‘electronic warrants’ in criminal justice procedures from 2024. The system is scheduled to be implemented. Meanwhile, 2023.2.3. The Supreme Court announced the draft for partial revision of the Criminal Procedure Rules (Public Notice No. 2023-37), introduced a seizure and search pre-interrogation system, and specified in the warrant the execution plan, including information storage media where electronic information is stored, search words to be used for analysis, and search target period. The main point is what needs to be done. Looking at the specific contents of the legislative notice, ① the introduction of an arbitrary means of face-to-face hearing by judges (newly established in Article 58-2 of the bill), ② the strengthening of participation rights, including the right to express opinions, when participating in the execution of a search and seizure warrant by suspects, etc. (Articles 60, 62, and 62 of the bill) Article 110), ③ strengthening participation rights such as introducing a system for interrogation of parties before issuing a seizure and search warrant, stipulating information as subject to seizure and search (newly established in Article 60, Paragraph 5 of the bill), ④ requesting a seizure and search warrant for electronic information The execution plan has been added to the items listed (newly established in Article 107, Paragraph 1, Item 2-2). The prosecution immediately objected to this. The Supreme Prosecutors’ Office said, “if the facts and contents of the request for a search and seizure warrant requested at the initial stage of a criminal investigation to protect the basic rights of the people are made public in advance and interrogation procedures are conducted for those involved in the case, secret actions such as leakage of investigation secrets and destruction of evidence will occur.” “It will be a serious obstacle to quick and strict response to crime, including delays in investigation,” he said. In addition, the Korean Bar Association submitted a written opinion on the bill and opposed it for the same reasons, and the National Police Agency also recognized the seriousness and actively opposed it. Accordingly, the Supreme Court has recently been considering a plan to take a step back and reduce the number of subjects, conscious of the severe opposition from related organizations. As such, issues surrounding seizure and search are of utmost interest to criminal justice-related agencies as well as those involved in criminal cases. However, in reality, there is a lack of consideration for the structural peculiarities of seizure and search of electronic information stored by third parties, and theories such as seizure and search of suspects are applied without filtering. In addition, the Supreme Court is making rulings that keep some distance from changes in the social environment and corresponding legislation. In 2017, the Supreme Court denied the admissibility of emails as evidence, saying that in the execution of a seizure and search warrant to obtain content information of emails processed by an information and communication service provider, a seizure list was not issued and the original copy of the seizure and search warrant was not presented. In addition, in 2019, the investigative agency sent an account tracing warrant to a financial institution by facsimile transmission and denied the evidence of the account transaction details obtained. The Supreme Court’s ruling caused great confusion in the field of criminal investigation. In the meantime, the investigative agency sent a warrant by facsimile transmission without visiting the target company and received the results of the seizure and search by email, omitting the process of guaranteeing the right to defense according to the seizure and search. This practice was common in the pre-hospital investigation stage or in the early stages of the investigation. However, this ruling put the brakes on practices in the field, and the Supreme Court’s position has not changed to date, deepening the gap between the court’s ruling and the field, and continuing confusion in practice. In previous studies, several papers have been published on the topic of seizure and search of information stored by third parties. These studies attempted to solve problems in the field by changing the method of executing warrants. In other words, they advocated adding a facsimile transmission method to warrant execution, introducing an electronic warrant system, or imposing a duty of cooperation in warrant execution. There has also been legislative research on the acquisition of information kept by third parties in criminal investigations. Although there is a large difference between the third party who stores the information and the suspect, the current legislative system proposes an integrated legal system for information acquisition procedures without considering the third party. In particular, these studies proposed court permission to expand the warrant doctrine regarding procedural guarantees of basic rights. Court permission is warrant-based in that identity is guaranteed and it is reviewed by a neutral judge. However, the court’s permission is not interpreted as a basis for granting compulsory seizure authority, but rather as a means of demonstrating authority to receive information. Therefore, if there is a suspicion of a crime and the cooperation of the other party cannot be expected, the warrant principle based on coercion is applied. However, if there is no suspicion of a crime, a duty of cooperation can be imposed on a third party with the permission of the court. However, if a third party fails to fulfill its obligations even with the permission of the court, coercive power can be exercised by issuing a warrant rather than imposing fines. In conclusion, compulsory disposition based on the warrant principle is not appropriate for the acquisition of information stored by a third party, so the court’s permission is followed, and information on subjects of investigation such as suspects or witnesses is subject to the warrant principle, and the warrant principle is dualized. Currently, information processing systems are complex and encrypted, so when information is stored on a third-party server such as cloud or Internet service, it is difficult for investigative agencies to conduct an investigation without the cooperation of the third party. For these practical reasons, when confiscating digital evidence stored by a third party, the investigative agency effectively requires the third party to actively cooperate with the investigative agency beyond the obligation to confiscate it. However, this reality has the problem of violating warrantism, the principle of proportionality, and the principle of due process, so it is advocated that the Criminal Procedure Act stipulate a ‘duty of cooperation’ where a third party cooperates in the execution of a warrant by an investigative agency, and impose sanctions in case of non-compliance. Currently, the acquisition procedures for third-party stored information are regulated in a number of special laws, so the legislative system is sporadic. Therefore, there are problems such as confusion in legal application, limitations in guaranteeing the right to defense, and insufficient typification and inclusion of information. As a way to solve this problem, it was proposed to enact the tentative name ‘Act on Procedures and Methods for Requesting Information Provision in Criminal Investigations’ as an integrated legal system for the acquisition procedures of third-party stored information. In addition, third-party stored information is classified into four categories based on real-time execution and content: ① usage information, ② real-time usage information, ③ content information, and ④ real-time content information. They advocated the introduction of a ‘court permission system’ that would comprehensively expand the application of the warrant principle as a procedure. In this study, it is assumed that the information subject owns personal information, a third party stores personal information, and investigative agencies confiscate electronic information to collect personal information. Based on this, the right to self-determination of electronic information recognized by the Supreme Court precedent and the guarantee of the right to defense in criminal proceedings are presented as theoretical grounds, and the court’s prior control (warrant review) and post-control (trial procedures) in the case of confiscation of electronic information are guaranteed. As this is insufficient, in addition, it was argued that ‘intermediate level control’ should be strengthened through the parties’ right to participate, warrant appeals (objection to the judgment on the issuance of a seizure warrant), and quasi-appeals. The police are striving to strengthen digital forensics (electromagnetic wave recording analysis technology and crime proof procedures), which plays an important role in proving crimes, and to thoroughly collect objective evidence through appropriate procedures. Electronic devices such as computers and mobile phones are widely used and misused in various crimes, and it is essential to analyze electromagnetic records stored in various electronic devices in investigations. Additionally, under the jury system, objective evidence must be thoroughly collected so that judges, who are not experts in law and technology, can form accurate evidence. The police are strengthening digital forensics by cooperating with related agencies to analyze and evidence electromagnetic records that are easy to delete or forge through appropriate procedures. In order to prove information needed for criminal investigation stored in electronic devices, etc., it is essential to extract information from electronic devices, convert it into a form that can be recognized by humans, such as documents and images, and analyze electromagnetic records. To do so, advanced technologies such as extracting and analyzing information from damaged electronic devices or extracting and analyzing information hidden by encryption are required. In addition, because the development of electronic devices is remarkable and new devices are appearing one after another, it is important to continuously collect and utilize the latest technology and information. Electronic data is acquired and recorded through recognition rather than transfer of possession, and has the characteristic of not exercising coercive force on a third party to collect data. Therefore, compared to the seizure warrant targeting physical objects, the introduction of an ‘information search warrant’ or ‘information submission order’ that targets data or information and is issued after review by a judge was advocated. As seen earlier, research on investigative information collection was conducted with a focus on warrants and seizures and searches. Therefore, other than the application of the warrant principle and the right to participation to guarantee the right to defense, no interest was shown regarding the confiscated persons and confiscated items. In other words, although the information and communication service provider is a personal information processor that processes the personal information of the information subject, it is viewed as a third party that stores the personal items, and by emphasizing the form of evidence, electronic information is viewed as the same concept as personal information. In addition, if seizure and search and warrant principle are strictly applied to investigative information collection, the right to self-determination of personal information under the Constitution will be thoroughly guaranteed, and it remains in the abstract concept of ‘seizure and search = warrant principle = human rights guarantee’. Therefore, this study starts from an awareness of the practical difficulties and academic limitations related to investigative information collection methods. In this study, I seek to explore the legal status of information and communication service providers from the perspective of a reference in a criminal investigation and a personal information protector, and approach personal information from the perspective of constitutional moral rights. Through this, I looked into the problems of the current seizure and search as a method of collecting investigative information on information and communication service providers and the limitations of warrants as a prior control method, and developed an investigative information collection plan based on the theory of personal information protection and the ideology of substantive truth. I would like to propose a plan to guarantee the right to defense from the perspective of guaranteeing the content of the right to self-determination of personal information. In today’s highly developed information society, a large amount of information is accumulated in countries and companies. Personal information exchanged without your knowledge may be used to your disadvantage. Therefore, I came to believe that the right to know what type of self-information is being collected and the right to intervene to prevent it from being used unfairly (the right to control one’s information and the right to self-determination regarding information) should be recognized as privacy rights. Previous research believed that this right to self-determination of personal information or the right to privacy should be guaranteed as a basic individual right while deriving it from the Constitution. Furthermore, the data subject is understood as the exclusive right holder of electronic information, such as the owner, and the personal information processor is viewed as a third party rather than a suspect. According to this, a personal information processor is merely a custodian who stores the electronic information entrusted by the information subject (regardless of whether it is personal information or not). The basis for this understanding appears to be the result of applying the theory of confiscation of information storage media kept by the suspect to the investigative agency’s collection of personal information processed by the personal information processor. In this way, if the theory of seizure of storage media stored by suspects is applied to personal information processors without filtering, the scope of personal information subject to legal protection will be expanded indefinitely, and the data subject will be accompanied by a lawyer in electronic information seizure and search at the personal information processor’s workplace. It can be interpreted as being appointed to . Therefore, it is necessary to examine the basic right to self-determination of personal information, the rights and obligations that personal information processors have with respect to personal information, and consider the concepts of personal information and electronic information by combining them with seizure and search and digital forensics theories. Previous research proposed methods for collecting information stored by a third party without the consent of the information subject: ① seizure and search, ② imposing a third party’s obligation to cooperate in seizure and search, and ③ an information submission order system by investigative agencies. However, search and seizure is carried out by investigative agencies when there is a possibility of destruction of evidence, but there is a problem with using coercive power against personal information processors who are not suspected of a crime. In addition, if investigative agencies are granted the right to order submission of information, in a situation where ample discretion is already recognized to achieve the purpose of the investigation, the power to order beyond the actual act has a high risk of abuse, and the power to order is not suitable for judicial review. There is a risk that judicial review may become irrelevant. Therefore, it is necessary to consider methods other than seizure or order as information collection methods for investigative agencies. Previous research shows that it is natural to apply the warrant principle to the collection of personal information stored by a third party in order to guarantee the right to self-determination of personal information. In addition, it is said that the court’s permission has the same effect as a warrant and does not simply exercise coercive power. However, the constitutional warrant principle and the legal confiscation system are either equated with each other or the concepts are used interchangeably, so the seizure is based on a warrant and an obligation is imposed on the other party. For example, investigative agencies sometimes understand the court appendix attached to a seizure warrant as a matter of legal practice. In addition, a seizure warrant is issued that lists the other party’s cooperation in addition to essential information such as the seized items and seizure location, and active cooperation in executing the warrant on the spot is requested. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the nature of warrants from the perspective of the subject of application and review. This study focuses on the collection of investigative data by investigative agencies. However, the collection of investigative data does not stop at theoretical justification or legality studies. This is because this study started from the practical difficulties I felt while guarding the crime investigation scene for 30 years. Investigation data is of high value in the field as objective data for the investigative agency to set the direction of investigation or decide whether to initiate an investigation in the pre-booking investigation stage. However, even if a public corporation is requested to provide personal information based on Article 199 of the Criminal Procedure Act, it is often rejected due to the huge wall of ‘personal information protection’, so there is no choice but to use the confiscation procedure. Basically, conducting a search and seizure requires a lot of manpower and time. Seizure warrants are issued through courts and prosecutors, but manpower and time could be significantly reduced by not confiscating investigation data on intelligence agents on the spot. The importance of this study is to overcome the contradictions of the ‘seizure without seizure’ phenomenon that occurs due to the absence of laws and lack of theory, and to provide a clue to the effective collection of investigative data. This issue is consistent with whether the legal relationship applicable when an investigative agency confiscates storage media owned, possessed, or stored by a suspect can be inferred and applied to the personal information processor. If analogy can be applied, it can be interpreted as follows. In other words, the information subject holds ownership of personal information stored in the storage medium and has the right to use, profit, and dispose of personal information. On the other hand, the personal information processor has management obligations and the right to claim costs within the scope of entrustment under a private contract with the information subject. In addition, personal information is an object of ownership and transaction separate from the person, and the information subject has absolute rights based on ownership. So, “Can information be confiscated?” The problem is believed to have been resolved to some extent by the academic debate sparked by the revision of Article 106 of the Criminal Procedure Act in 2011. However, does this argument apply to situations where electronic information owned, possessed, and stored by a suspect is confiscated, and can it also be applied to situations where personal information stored by a third party is confiscated? It is a problem. Currently, investigative agencies do not directly confiscate electronic information stored by third parties. In other words, the investigative agency does not visit the third party’s workplace, but sends the seizure warrant to the third party by fax or email. Then, its employees check the copy of the seizure warrant, extract the investigation data from the server, and fax it back to the investigative agency. I send it by email. At this time, the employee creates a hash value on his own and sends it to the investigative agency. When electronic warrants are officially implemented in the near future, the legal problems of sending warrants by fax or email for execution will be resolved. However, the fact that investigative agencies confiscate investigation data for the purpose of collecting it remains unchanged. Therefore, even if the investigative agency sent it to a third party in the form of an electronic warrant, can it be evaluated that the legal problem has been resolved in the seizure procedure without the investigative agency even being present at the scene? If an investigative agency can legally delegate the seizure to a third-party employee, should the employee who actually carried out the seizure generate the hash value? There is a problem. Personal information processors of a certain size or larger directly operate or lease servers for information processing. However, even if an investigative agency wants to extract information stored on the server by issuing various types of warrants such as seizure warrants, search warrants, and verification warrants, it is virtually impossible to execute the warrants without active cooperation from affiliated employees due to technical issues such as password settings. Therefore, in preparation for these practical problems and legal problems that may arise, a warrant containing the employee’s encryption statement or decryption act can be issued and presented. If the employee passively refuses, can the employee be forced to take action based on the contents of the warrant? Or, even if it is a warrant without a description, can it be enforced on the grounds of collateral disposition? There is also a problem. In Chapter 2, I examine the basis and derivation process of the right to self-determination of personal information, which is a constitutional issue in situations where the state collects personal information, and obtain implications regarding the collection of information held by third parties. ① Systems regarding investigative procedures, ② the personal information protection system, ③ the systems of Japan, the United States, and the EU were reviewed overall from the perspective of legal protection for special information. In addition, by examining the principles of protection and limitation of personal rights, the concept and scope of personal information, and the legal status of information business operators, I considered whether personal information could be the subject of ownership and transaction. Finally, by distinguishing criminal evidence from national information and personal information and classifying criminal evidence in digital form into ① investigation data, ② electronic information, and ③ digital evidence according to the progress of the criminal procedure, the collection of information held by a third party is classified as criminal procedure. I considered that the level of perception is different depending on the stage of progress. Chapter 3 compares and examines the principles of general freedom of action and restrictions on physical freedom under the Constitution, and explains that the act of an investigative agency requesting a third party to provide information restricts the general freedom of action of the third party (personal information processor), it was examined that the execution of a seizure warrant could potentially infringe on the physical freedom of a third party employee (personal information handler). In addition, I looked at the characteristics of the investigation compared to a trial and the factual nature of the investigation, and considered that an investigation that does not involve coercion but restricts basic rights can be evaluated as a coercive investigation. Next, I looked at the problems with the laws and recent precedents regarding the collection and seizure of third-party electronic information, and considered that even if the electronic warrant system was implemented, problems with the execution of seizure warrants still remained unresolved. Lastly, as an overseas case, the issue of data copying through remote access in response to cybercrime was examined in light of Japanese precedents. In Chapter 4, as an overseas case, the acquisition of cloud data by investigative agencies is examined from the perspectives of ① submission orders (seizure of record orders) and ② cross-border access, and trends in Japanese precedents related to infringement of national sovereignty and violation of warrant principles. and academic discussions were reviewed. Next, I compared the warrant issued by a judge and the court’s permission, and considered that the confusion that arises in the seizure of third-party electronic information can be resolved through legalism rather than warrantism. Lastly, among the legal principles regarding national information collection through third parties in the United States, I examine the Third Party Doctrine, led by Dr. Orin S. Kerr, and the debate on the degree of privacy protection surrounding electronic surveillance, the applicability of these theories to Korea was considered. Chapter 5 summarizes the research and proposes a revision to Article 199 of the Criminal Procedure Act, which newly establishes information providers, requests for provision, and court permission.

중국 농촌 유수아동의 게임중독에 영향을 미치는 요인

마욱 호서대학교 일반대학원 2022 국내박사

중국은 경제와 과학 기술의 급속한 발전과 인터넷의 대중화로 인해 휴대전화는 사람들의 일상생활에서 필수품이며 전화통화뿐만 아니라 오락게임에도 널리 사용되고 있다. 게임은 사람들의 삶에 즐거움을 주는 동시에 또한 많은 문제를 야기하는데, 특히 청소년은 자제력이 약하고 호기심이 많은 특성으로 인해 청소년의 게임중독이 증가하고 있다. 선행연구에 따르면 청소년들의 게임중독은 주로 개인적 특성, 가정 및 학교요인 등의 영향을 받는데, 중국 농촌 유수아동들은 부모의 장기 부재, 가정교육 결핍, 가족애 결핍, 생활 감독의 부족, 교육지도 부족 등으로 일반 아동들보다 게임에 중독되기 쉬운 환경에 놓여 있다. 중국 농촌 유수아동의 여러 심리사회적인 문제에 대한 다수의 연구들에도 불구하고, 유수아동들의 개임이용실태나 중독에 대한 연구는 아직 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구는 농촌 유수아동의 게임이용 실태를 파악하고 게임중독에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 본 연구는 중국농촌 유수아동의 게임이용 실태에 관한 기초 정보를 제공하며 게임중독을 예방하기 위한 방안을 마련하는데 함의를 제공하는 데 의의가 있다. 본 연구를 위해 중국 남쪽에 있는 구이저우성(贵州省) 농촌의 2개 초등학교(A초등학교, B초등학교)의 5∼6학년 재학생과 2개 중학교(A 중학교, B 중학교)의 1∼2학년 재학생 총 440명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 본 조사에 포함된 설문내용은 인구사회학적 특성, 독립변수로서 게임이용동기, 부모와의 관계, 대리양육자의 양육태도, 생활스트레스를 포함하였으며 종속변수로서 게임중독을 포함하였다. 자료의 통계분석을 위해 SPSS/WIN 26.0을 사용하였다. 척도의 타당도와 신뢰도를 확보하기위해 요인분석을 실시하여 최종 문항을 구성하였다. 조사연구 대상자의 인구사회학적 특성과 차이를 알아보기 위해 기술통계, t-test를 실시하였으며, 변수 간의 상관관계 분석, 독립변수의 영향력을 확인하기위해 다중회귀분석을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 게임중독에 영향을 미치는 요인은 도전 성취동기, 부모와의 관계, 생활스트레스이다. 둘째, 게임중독의 하위요인 중 게임지향적 생활에 영향을 미치는 요인은 도전 성취동기, 학업스트레스와 학교생활스트레스이다. 셋째, 게임중독의 하위요인 중 게임 내성과 금단 정서적 경험에 영향을 미치는 요인은 도전 성취동기와 부모와의 관계와 학교생활스트레스이다. 넷째, 게임중독의 하위요인 중 게임통제력상실에 영향을 미치는 요인은 도전 성취동기 그리고 대리양육태도의 감독태도, 학업스트레스와 학교생활스트레스이다. 본 논문의 연구결과를 기존의 한국 및 중국 청소년 게임중독에 관한 연구 결과와 비교하여 논의하였다. 마지막으로 농촌 유수 아동의 게임중독의 문제를 해결하기 위해 다음과 같은 시사점을 제안하였다. 첫째, 정책 측면에서 농촌 지역의 취업기회를 늘리고 농업 진흥을 장려하며 농촌에 대한 상업적 투자건설을 촉진하고 농촌의 전반적인 경제를 향상시키며 농촌 교육을 강화하고 더 많은 인재가 농촌에서 가르치도록 안내하고 농촌과 도시의 경제, 고용 및 교육 격차를 줄임으로써 농촌 인구의 도시 유입을 줄일 수 있다고 생각한다. 이는 유수가정의 형성을 효과적으로 방지하고 환경 문제를 근본적으로 개선하며 게임중독을 예방하는 데 중요한 역할을 할 수 있다. 둘째, 가정 측면에서 부모와 아이의 관계는 매우 중요하며 아이와 부모의 관계도 게임에 중독되는데 직접적인 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 본 연구결과 에 따르면 농촌 유수아동과 부모의 관계가 좋을수록 게임에 중독되기 쉬운 것으로 나타났다. 이는 예상했던 것과는 반대 방향인데, 그 원인은 중국 농촌 유수 가정에서는 대부분 독신자녀이고 평상시 부모와 같이 지내지 못하다 보니, 자녀가 원하는 것을 다 들어 주면서 관계를 좋게 만들려고 하여 아동들이 자기중심적인 성격과 자기감각적 만족을 추구하는 경향이 강해졌기 때문이다. . 셋째, 학교 측면에서 학교는 아이들이 매일 가장 많은 시간을 보내는 곳이며 사상교육은 주로 학교에서 이루어진다. 농촌 유수아동의 게임중독은 유수아동의 게임 도전 성취동기와 상관관계가 있으며 게임 도전 성취동기가 높을수록 게임에 중독되기 쉬운 것으로 나타났다. 도전성취 동기가 아이의 게임중독에 중요한 영향을 미쳤다는 것은 게임이 아이에게 성취감을 주고 많은 재미를 주면서 아이가 점점 게임의 세계로 빠져들고 있다는 것을 말해준다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 선생님의 교육이 중요하다고 생각한다. 예를 들어 교사는 아동의 흥미를 키우는 데 주의를 기울여야 한다. 그리고 교사는 수업 시간에 아동의 열정을 더 동원하고 창의적인 교육 방법을 더 많이 사용하여 아동의 관심을 끌고 학습에 대한 열정을 높일 수 있어야 한다. 넷째, 농촌 유수아동의 게임중독은 유수아동의 학교생활 스트레스와 상관관계가 있으며 학교생활 스트레스가 높을수록 게임에 중독되기 쉬운 것으로 나타났다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 교사의 직무는 마땅히 확대되어야 하고 교사는 수업 시간에 지식을 전수하는 것뿐만 아니라 아이들의 마음을 돌보는 일과 부모에게 교육 경로를 안내하여 아이들이 교사와 대리양육자의 도움을 받아 생활스트레스에서 벗어날 수 있도록 해야 한다. Due to the rapid development of the Chinese economy and technology and the popularization of the Internet, mobile phones are a necessity in people's daily lives and are widely used not only for phone calls but also for entertainment games. Games provide pleasure in people's lives and also cause many problems, especially teenagers' game addiction is increasing due to their weak self-control and curious characteristics. According to previous studies, teenagers' game addiction is mainly affected by personal characteristics, home and school factors, and leading children in rural China are more likely to be addicted to games than ordinary children due to the absence of parents, lack of home education, lack of family love, lack of life supervision, and lack of educational guidance. Despite a number of studies on various psychosocial problems in Chinese rural children, few studies have been conducted on the status of dog use or addiction of children in China. The purpose of this study is to identify the actual status of game use by leading children in rural areas and to identify the factors affecting game addiction. This study is meaningful in providing basic information on the status of game use by leading children in rural China and providing implications for preparing measures to prevent game addiction. For this study, a total of 440 students in grades 5 to 6 of two elementary schools (A elementary school and B elementary school) in rural Guizhou Province in southern China and 1 to 2 of two middle schools (A middle school and B middle school) were surveyed. The survey included demographic characteristics, game use motivation as an independent variable, relationship with parents, parenting attitude of surrogate caregivers, and life stress, and game addiction as a dependent variable. SPSS/WIN 26.0 was used for statistical analysis of the data. In order to secure the validity and reliability of the scale, factor analysis was conducted to construct the final question. Descriptive statistics and t-test were conducted to find out the demographic characteristics and differences of the survey study subjects, and multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between variables and to confirm the influence of independent variables. The main results of this study are as follows. First, Factors affecting game addiction are motivation for challenge achievement, relationship with parents, and life stress. Second, Among the sub-factors of game addiction, the factors affecting game-oriented life are challenge achievement motivation, academic stress, and school life stress. Third, Among the sub-factors of game addiction, factors that affect game tolerance and withdrawal emotional experience are motivation for challenge achievement, relationship with parents, and school life stress. Fourth, Among the sub-factors of game addiction, factors that affect the loss of game control are challenge achievement motivation, supervisory attitude of proxy parenting attitude, academic stress, and school life stress. The research results of this paper were discussed by comparing them with the results of previous studies on Korean and Chinese youth game addiction. Finally, the following implications were proposed to solve the problem of game addiction in leading rural children. First, in terms of policy, it is possible to reduce the inflow of rural populations into cities by increasing employment opportunities in rural areas, encouraging agricultural promotion, promoting commercial investment construction in rural areas, improving the overall economy of rural education. This can play an important role in effectively preventing the formation of leading families, fundamentally improving environmental problems, and preventing game addiction. Second, in terms of family, the relationship between parents and children is very important, and the relationship between children and parents also had a direct impact on addiction to games. In addition, according to the results of this study, the better the relationship between parents and leading children in rural areas, the easier it is to become addicted to games. This is the opposite of what was expected, because most of China's leading rural families are single children and do not usually spend time with their parents, so children tend to pursue self-centered personality and self-sensory satisfaction by trying to improve relationships while listening to their children's wishes. Third, in terms of school, school is the place where children spend the most time every day, and thought education is mainly conducted at school. Game addiction in rural children is correlated with the motivation for achieving game challenges of children, and the higher the motivation for achieving game challenges, the easier it is to become addicted to games. The fact that the motivation for challenge achievement had an important effect on the child's game addiction means that the game gives the child a sense of accomplishment and gives a lot of fun, and the child is gradually falling into the world of games. I think teacher education is important to solve this problem. For example, teachers should pay attention to developing children's interests. And teachers should be able to attract children's attention and increase their passion for learning by mobilizing more children's passion in class and using more creative educational methods. Fourth, game addiction in rural leading children is correlated with school life stress in leading children, and the higher the school life stress, the easier it is to become addicted to games. To solve this problem, teachers' duties should be expanded, and teachers should not only transfer knowledge in class, but also take care of children's minds and guide parents through educational paths so that children can escape life stress with the help of teachers and surrogate caregivers.

중국 대학생의 전공선택동기와 학교적응의 관계에서 전공몰입과 교수-학생 상호작용의 매개효과

후추스 호서대학교 일반대학원 2023 국내박사

본 연구는 중국 대학생의 전공선택동기와 학교적응의 관계를 확인하고, 여기에 전공몰입과 교수-학생 상호작용의 매개효과를 검증하는 것을 목 적으로 하였다. 이를 위하여 다음과 같은 연구문제를 설정하였다. 첫째, 중국 대학생의 전공선택동기, 전공몰입, 교수-학생 상호작용, 학교적응 간 의 구조적 관계는 어떠한가? 둘째, 중국 대학생의 전공선택동기와 학교적 응의 관계에서 전공몰입의 매개효과가 유의한가? 셋째, 중국 대학생의 전 공선택동기와 학교적응의 관계에서 교수-학생 상호작용의 매개효과가 유 의한가? 이를 위해 중국 21개 성, 5개 자치구, 4개 직할시 4년제 대학교에 재학 중인 1-4학년 대학생을 대상으로 전공선택동기, 전공몰입, 교수-학생 상 호작용, 학교적응에 대한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사는 인터넷 설문 사이트 ‘问卷星’을 이용한 온라인 형식으로 자료를 배부하였고, 유효 설문 지 977건을 회수하여 최종 분석자료로 삼았다. 본 연구에서 전공선택동기 는 독립변인으로 내재적 전공선택동기와 외재적 전공선택동기 2가지 단일 차원으로 구성된다. 전공몰입은 매개변인으로 정서적 몰입, 규범적 몰입, 지속적 몰입, 이상적 몰입 4가지 하위요인으로 구성된다. 교수-학생 상호 작용 역시 매개변인으로 신뢰감과 친밀감 2가지 하위요인으로 구성된다. 학교적응은 종속변인이며 대인관계적 적응, 학습적 적응, 학교환경적 적 응, 직업선택적 적응, 정서적 적응, 자기적 적응, 만족도 7가지 하위요인으 로 구성된다. 구조방정식 분석은 SPSS 26.0과 Mplus 8.2 프로그램을 사 용하여 수행되었다. 구체적인 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중국 대학생의 전공선택동기는 학교적응에 직접적인 영향을 미치 지 않았다. 그러나 매개변인인 전공몰입과 교수-학생 상호작용에 직접적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 중국 대학생의 전공선택동기를 전공몰입과 연계하여 교수-학생 상호작용을 높임으로써 성공적인 학교적 응을 하도록 유인할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 중국 대학생의 전공선택동기와 학교적응의 관계에서 전공몰입은 완전매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 전공선택동기가 학교적응에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 매개변수의 효과에 따라 달라질 수 있음을 의미하는 것 이다. 즉, 전공몰입을 매개변수로 했을 때 전공선택동기는 간접적으로 학 교적응에 영향을 미치고 있다. 셋째, 중국 대학생의 전공선택동기와 학교적응의 관계에서 교수-학생 상호작용은 완전매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 공선택동기와 학교적응의 관계에서 교수-학생 상호작용을 매개변수로 했을 때 중국 대학생의 전공 선택동기가 교수-학생 상호작용을 증진시키는 방식을 통해서 학교적응에 간접적으로 영향을 미치는 것이다. 본 연구결과를 통하여 중국 대학생의 전공선택동기가 향상될 때 긍정적 인 전공몰입과 수준 높은 교수-학생 상호작용에 영향을 미쳐서 성공적인 학교적응을 한다는 것을 확인해 보았다. 또한 중국 대학생의 학교적응에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓히고, 중국 고등교육의 질과 서비스 수준을 향상시키 기 위해 참고할 수 있는 근거를 제공하는 한편, 중국 대학생의 이상적인 진로지도와 학교적응을 지도하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하였다는 의의가 있다. The purpose of this study is to confirm the relationship between major selection motivation and school adaptation of Chinese college students, and to verify the media effect of professional commitment and professor-student interaction on this basis. The specific research questions are as follows. First, what is the structural relationship between major selection motivation, professional commitment, professor-student interaction, school adaptation of Chinese college students? Second, is there a mediating effect of major commitment significant in the relationship between major selection motivation and school adaptation among Chinese college students? Third, is there mediating effect of professor-student interaction significant in the relationship between major selection motivation and school adaptation among Chinese college students? To this end, a survey was conducted on college students in grades 1-4 attending four-year universities in 23provinces, 5autonomous districts, and 4 direct cities in China on major selection motivation, professional commitment, professor-student interaction, school adaptation. The survey distributed data in an online format using the Internet survey site "问卷星", and 977 valid questionnaires were collected and used as the final analysis data. In this study, major selection motivation is the independent variable. Major selection motivation consists of two single dimensions: intrinsic Major selection motivation and extrinsic Major selection motivation. Professional commitment is the mediating variable. Professional commitment consists of four sub-factors: emotional commitment, normative commitment, continuous commitment, and ideal commitment. Professor-student interaction is also the mediating variable. Professor-student interaction consists of two sub-factors: intimacy and trust. School adaptation is the outcome variable. School adaptation consists of seven sub-factors: interpersonal adaptation, learning adaptation, school environment adaptation, job-selective adaptation, emotional adaptation, self-adaptation, and satisfaction. Structural equation analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 and Mplus 8.2 programs. Specific research results are as follows. First, Chinese college students’ major selection motivation did not directly affect school adaptation. But data shows that this directly affects professional commitment and professor-student interaction as mediating variable. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the motivation of Chinese college students to choose majors, increase professional investment, enhance professor-student interaction, and guide them to successfully adapt to the school. Second, it was found that professional commitment was completely mediated in the relationship between Chinese college students' major selection motivation and school adaptation. This means that major selection motivation may vary depending on the effect of parameters in the process of affecting school adaptation. In other words, when professional commitment is used as a parameter, it indirectly affects school adaptation. Third, it was found that the professor-student interaction was completely mediated in the relationship between Chinese college students' major selection motivation and school adaptation. In other words, when professor-student interaction is used as a parameter in the relationship between major selection motivation and school adaptation, Chinese college students' major selection motivation indirectly affects school adaptation through a method of promoting professor-student interaction. Through the results of this study, it is confirmed that when Chinese university students' major selection motivation is improved, positive professional commitment and high-quality professor-student interaction will have an impact, leading to successful adaptation to schools. It is intended to provide a basis for improving the quality and service level of Chinese higher education by expanding the understanding of Chinese college students' school adaptation and verifying the structural model of related variables, while providing ideal career guidance for Chinese college students and basic data for complete school adaptation.

품질요인 분석과 소비자 구매선호도 조사에 의한 한우와 수입 우육의 비교론적 연구

이경희 호서대학교 일반대학원 2009 국내박사

Ⅰ. 결 론 1. 육질 등급별 한우고기의 육질특성에 관한 연구 소비자들이 보다 정확한 정보를 가지고 한우고기를 용이하게 구매할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 한우고기의 육질 등급별로 육질 특성에서 조성분, 이화학적 특성 및 관능적 특성을 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 가. 한우고기의 등급별 일반조성분 함량은 육질 1++, 1+, 1, 2, 3등급 및 등외급에서 근육 내 근내지방과 관련된 근육의 조지방 함량이 각각 22.05, 17.47, 11.85, 7.87, 2.56, 4.89%로서 육질등급이 상위 등급일수록 높은 결과(P<0.05)를 보였으며, 수분, 조단백질, 조회분의 함량은 육질등급이 상위등급일수록 낮아지는 결과를 보였다(P<0.05). 나. 한우고기의 육질등급별 이화학적특성에서 pH, 가열감량, 보수성은 육질등급별로 뚜fut한 차이를 볼 수 없었으나, 연도와 관련된 전단력은 육질 1++, 1+, 1, 2, 3등급 및 등외급에서 각각 0.5 inch2 당 3.50, 3.73, 4.66, 5.92, 7.62, 9.44 ㎏로서 한우고기의 육질등급에 따라 육질등급이 우수한 등급일수록 전단력이 낮아지는 경향을 보였으며, 육질등급 1등급 이상의 상위등급들 사이에는 통계적인 유의성이 인정되지 않았고, 육질등급 1등급이하의 등급들 간에는 통계적 차이가 인정되었다(P<0.05). 다. 한우고기의 육질등급별 육색비교에서 육색의 밝기를 나타내는 CIE L값 및 Hunter L값 모두 상위등급에서 높은 값을 나타내는 경향을 보였으며, 적색도와 황색도를 나타내는 CIE a, b값 및 Hunter a, b값 모두 상위등급에서 높은 값을 나타내는 경향을 보였다(P<0.05). 라. 한우고기의 육질 등급별 지방산 함량은 육질 1++등급, 1등급, 3등급의 포화지방산 함량이 각각 38.19, 41.75, 45.23%, 불포화지방산 함량이 61.80, 58.24, 54.77%로서 육질이 우수한 등급일수록 포화지방산의 함량이 낮고, 불포화 지방산의 함량이 높은 결과를 보였다(P<0.05), 한우고기에서 지방산 함량의 특징적인 점은 Oleic acid (C18:1)와 Palmitoleic acid(C16:1)의 함량이 육질이 우수한 등급의 한우고기에서 높은 결과를 보였으나, Stearic acid(C18:0)와 Myristic acid(C14:0) 함량은 육질이 우수한 등급의 한우고기에서 함량이 낮은 결과를 보였다(P<0.05). 또 육질이 우수한 등급의 한우고기일수록 단가 불포화지방산의 함량이 높아지는 경향을 보였으며, 다가불포화지방산(PUFA)의 함량은 육질이 우수한 등급의 한우고기일수록 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 마. 한우고기의 육질등급별 아미노산 함량은 Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Arginine, Cystine 등의 아미노산들이 육질이 우수한 등급의 한우고기에서 그 함량이 풍부하게 함유되고, 육질이 떨어지는 육질등급에서 그 함량이 낮아지는 경향을 보였으며(P<0.05), Glutamic acid는 육질이 낮은 등급의 한우고기에서 그 함량이 풍부하게 함유되고, 육질이 우수한 등급에서 그 함량이 낮아지는 경향(P<0.05)을 보였다. 바. 시식시험(관능검사) 결과 한우고기의 육질등급별 연도는 육질 1++, 1+, 1, 2, 3등급 및 등외급에서 연도는 각각 5.64, 4.98, 4.48, 3.74, 3.80 및 3.66점으로서 육질등급이 우수한 등급일수록 쇠고기의 연도가 우수한 것으로 평가(P<0.05)되었으나 2, 3,등급과 등외급에서는 차이가 없었다. 사. 시식시험(관능검사) 결과 한우고기의 육질등급별 다즙성은 육질1++등급의 경우 5.70점/6점으로 높게 평가되었으나 등외급의 경우는 2.44점으로 낮게 평가되었는데 육질등급이 좋지 않은 등급의 한우고기일수록 다즙성이 좋지 않은 결과였다(P<0.05). 아. 시식시험(관능검사) 결과 한우고기의 육질등급별 풍미 즉 맛의 평가결과도 육질1++등급의 경우 6점 만점으로 평가하여 5.42점으로 높게 평가되었으나 등외급의 경우는 3.74점으로 낮게 평가되었으며 육질등급이 좋지 않은 등급의 한우고기일수록 풍미 즉 맛의 평가결과가 좋지 않은 경향을 보였다(P<0.05). 2. 한우고기와 수입 쇠고기의 육질특성 비교연구 완전 개방된 우리나라 쇠고기 시장에서 소비자들이 보다 정확한 정보를 가지고 용이하게 쇠고기를 구매할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 한우고기와 수입쇠고기의 육질특성에서 조성분, 이화학적 특성 및 관능적 특성을 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 가. 한우고기와 수입쇠고기의 조지방 함량이 한우고기(HWB)는 18.4%인데 비하여 수입쇠고기는 미국산(USAB), 뉴질랜드산(NZB), 호주산(AUSB)의 조지방 함량이 각각 6.1, 0.6, 2.6%로 낮았다(P<0.05). 수입쇠고기의 조지방 함량은 한우고기의 2등급에도 못 미치는 정도인 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 호주산이나 뉴질랜드산 수입쇠고기는 한우고기 3등급 조지방 함량의 평균 2.56%와 비슷하거나 낮은 조지방 함량을 나타내었다. 한우고기와 수입육의 일반조성분 비교에서 한우고기는 수입육에 비하여 수분, 조단백질, 조회분의 함량은 낮은 결과를 보였다(P<0.05). 나. 콜레스테롤의 함량은 한우고기(35.16 ㎎)는 수입육들(32,76∼33.94㎎)과 비교하여 다소 높은 결과를 보였으나 한우고기와 수입육 쇠고기들 간에 콜레스테롤 함량은 통계적인 차이를 나타내지는 않았다. 다. 한우고기와 수입쇠고기의 pH는 전체적으로 정상치를 나타내었으나 수입육에 비하여 한우고기(5.71)의 pH가 높은 결과를 보였다(P<0.05). 한우고기와 수입 Ⅰ. Study of meat quality properties of M. longissimus dorsi from the quality grades of Hanwoo. For customer purchase Hanwoo easily having exact information, the result of classification Hanwoo character, component, character of physicochemical and sensory properties are below. 1. Classification of M. longissimus dorsi from the grade of Hanwoo that meat quality 1st++, 1st+, 2nd, 3rd and off-grade component content which is marbling score is getting upper quality grade high result 22.05, 17.47, 11.85, 7.87, 2.56, 4.89% (P<0.05) and moisture, crude protein and crude ash are getting upper grade low result (P<0.05). 2. No clear difference of pH, cooking loss and water holding capacityin physicochemical properties of M. longissimus dorsi from the grade of Hanwoo by quality grade, shear force by tenderness are 3.50, 3.73, 4.66, 5.92, 7.62 and 9.44kg for each 0.5 inch² and tend to lower as quality grade is going up, no statistical similarity has recognized in case of upper quality grade over 1st, but recognized in lower quality grade (P<0.05). 3. Meat color of M. longissimus dorsi from the quality grade of Hanwoo presented high-position in CIE L, Hunter L which are showing the brightness of meat, and CIE a, b showing redness and Hunter a, b showing yellowness of upper quality grade beef tend to figuring high position (P<0.05). 4. Fatty acid content of M. longissimus dorsi from the grade of Hanwoo by 1st++, 1st and 3rd grades are each 38.19, 41.75 and 45.23% of saturated fatty acid and 61.80, 58.24 and 54.77% of unsaturated fatty acid, the result present that upper quality grade have more unsaturated fatty acid and less saturated fatty acid. Especially in case of high quality grade beef, Oleic acid(C18:1) and Palmitoleic acid(C16:1) content are high, but Stearic acid(C18:0) and Myristic acid(C14:0) content result low.(P<0.05). Also high quality grade tend to contain more monohydroxy unsaturated fatty acid while polyhydroxy unsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) is getting lower. 5. Amino acids content of M. longissimus dorsi from the grade of Hanwoo by quality grade, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Arginine, Cystine, etc. content are abundant in higher quality grade and insufficient in lower quality grade (P<0.05), Glutamic acid was abundant in lower quality grade and insufficient in higher quality grade. 6. As a result from panel score test, tenderness of meat is high in proportion to quality grade. 5.64, 4.98, 4.48, 3.74, 3.80 and 3.66 for each 1st++, 1st+, 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade, but are no gap between 2nd, 3rd grade. 7. As a result from panel score test, juiciness is highly presented in 1st++ grade as 5.70 / 6 points, off-grade present 2.44 result presenting that lower quality grade have less juiciness(P<0.05). 8. As a result from panel score test, the flavor of Hanwoo by quality grade, while 1st++ grade get 5.42 point from 6, off-grade rank 3.74 point. Result tend to show lower evaluation in lower quality grade (P<0.05). Ⅱ. Study of meat quality properties of M. longissimus dorsi from Hanwoo and imported beef. For customer purchase beef easily having exact information circumstance completely opened Korean beef market, the result of classification Hanwoo and imported beef character, component, character of physicochemical and sensory properties are below. 1. Contain crude fat of Hanwoo and imported beef, Hanwoo (HWB) is 18.4% higher than, US, New Zealand and Australiabeef are 6.1, 0.6 and 2.6% (P<0.05) Crude fat contain of imported beef is not reach 2nd grade Hanwoo. Especially New Zealand and Australia beef are same or lower than 3rd grade Hanwoo crude fat contain which is average 2.56%. Compare Hanwoo and imported beef general component, Hanwoo moisture, crude protein and crude ash are lower than imported beef (P<0.05). 2. Contain cholesterol of Hanwoo (35.16mg) is a little higher than imported beef (32.76~33.94mg), but Hanwoo and imported beef’s cholesterol contain are not difference statistics. 3. Hanwooand imported beef’s pH is totally normal number, but Hanwoo’s pH(5.71) is higher than imported beef (P<0.05). Water holding capacity of Hanwoo and imported beef doesn’t have regular trend, Hanwoo Cooking loss is 21.8% and imported beef cooking loss is 28.7~31.4%(P<0.05). Hanwoo get lower result, while imported beef, US beef cooking loss(28.73%) is lower than Australia (31.35%) and New Zealand (31.00%) cooking loss. 4. Hanwoo’s shear force which is 3.77kg / 0.5 inch² is higher than US, New Zealand and Australia beef which are 5.92, 6.47 and 6.67kg / 0.5 inch² (P<0.05). Imported beef is stronger than Hanwoo. 5. The hardness of texture between Hanwoo and imported beef, Hanwoo is lower than imported, while in imported beef, hardness is higher for US, New Zealand, Australia in order. Springiness of Hanwoo is 12.06 and it is higher than imported beef’s 9.40~10.89, also cohesiveness of Hanwoo is better than imported beef(P<0.05). Overall gummness and chewiness result lower than imported beef. 6. Total collagen content gap of Hanwoo and imported beef is not so high, but insoluble collagen content of Hanwoo tend to lower than imported beef. 7. Comparing meat color of Hanwoo and imported beef by CIE L, Hunter L, Hanwoo is brighter than imported beef (P<0.005), redness of Hanwoo (CIE b, Hunter B) and yellowness (CIE b, Hunter B) are both high. 8. Fatty acid content of Hanwoo is, 38.41% for saturated fatty acid and 61.58% for unsaturated fatty acid.It result saturated fatty acid content is lower, and unsaturated content is higher than imported beef(P<0.05). Hanwoo contains more Oleic acid and Palmitoleic acid than imported beef, but lower in Myristic acid, Palmitic acid and Stearic acid (P<0.05). 9. Comparison result in Amino acid content of Hanwoo and Imported beef, Hanwoo hasless Aspartic acid, Serine, Glutamic acid, Glycine, Caine, Methionine, Tryptophan than imported beef (P<0.05). 10. As a result from panel score tes

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유성비 호서대학교 일반대학원 2023 국내석사