문화적인 관점에서 미술영재 교육의 현황과 전망 : 6~9세 아동을 중심으로

윤상원 수원대학교 미술대학원 2008 국내석사

A paradigm and value system of society are affected by the culture of that society. Culture is a product of the times that is built on contemporary people's ideas, consciousness, environments, lives, ethics, morality, politics and economy. That continues to evolve, having an impact on not only the society itself but its posterity and adjacent countries. There is growing crosscultural interaction with the changes of the times, and that is the case for education sector as well. As students are exposed to or receive sociocultural surroundings without any modification, the kinds of educational programs should be developed, which make it easier for them to understand Korean things and the overall aspects of culture. And they should be educated to make a deeper inquiry into ego-identity and our culture. The importance of art education is increasingly stressed in modern society that puts emphasis on the cultural aspects of man, since art is a barometer of culture, social system and national, social and individual identity. This study attempted to delve into the concept of culture and its relationship with art in a bid to get the right grip on art education, and it's also meant to explore how gifted art education should be conducted in accordance with the structural changes and reform movement in art education sector that took place in response to the requirements of society. As modern society accentuates the cultural aspects of man, it's needed to detect and foster talented people as early as possible in the field of art, and gifted art education is one of the sure ways to step up the self-realization of individuals with inborn talent of art, which is especially important for art, and to nurture the elite required for the development of the nation. Therefore the focus of this study was placed on raising awareness of the new concept of artistic giftedness, discussing the significance and methods of gifted art education from a cultural standpoint, and determining some of the right directions for that education. And the purpose of this study was to devise and design an art curriculum model for gifted students based on curriculum theories for gifted education in a manner to suit Korean circumstances and be applicable to multi-level gifted art classes. 한 사회와 국가의 사고방식과 가치체계 등은 그 사회의 문화를 반영한다. 문화는 시대의 산물이며, 동시대에 살던 사람들의 생각과 의식, 환경, 생활상, 윤리, 도덕, 정치, 경제 등 전반적인 것이 기본 토대가 되어 형성되는 것으로 그것은 그 민족과 후손, 그리고 그 주변 국가에도 영향을 끼치면서 발전하고 있다. 시대가 변화하면서 문화는 밀접하게 상호작용하고 있으며, 이 같은 현상은교육현장에서도 뚜렷하게 반영되고 있다. 이러한 상황 속에서 우리나라의 학생들은 사회문화 전반적인 환경에 여과없이 그대로 노출되거나 수용되고 있는 실정이므로, 교육을 통하여 한국적인 것과 함께 그들이 공유하는 문화 전반적인 요소들을 학생들이 이해하기 쉽도록 전환하여 학습 할 수 있는 교육프로그램이 개발되어야하며, 자아 정체성에 대한 탐구는 물론, 자국문화에 대한 깊은 관심을 가질 수 있도록 하는 교육의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이러한 인간의 문화적인 측면이 강조되는 현대의 사회에서 미술교육은 한층 더 중요하게 인식되고 있다. 미술은 한 시대의 문화와 사회체제 및 국가, 사회, 개인의 정체성을 고스란히 담아 표현할 수 있는 지평이다. 이에따라 본 연구는 미술교육의 올바른 이해를 위해 문화의 개념과 미술의 관계를 살펴봄과 동시에 시대적․문화적 요구에 따른 미술교육의 구조적 변화와 개혁의 흐름에 맞추어 미술영재 교육의 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 즉 인간의 문화적인 측면이 강조되는 현대의 사회에서 미술분야의 능력있는 인재를 조기 발견하여 고급인재를 양성하고 사회에 배출한다는 것이며, 미술영재 교육은 미술분야에서 강조되는 타고난 잠재능력이 특히 뛰어난 개인들의 자아실현과 더 나아가 국가발전을 위한 고급인력의 양성을 위해서 필요하다할 수 있다. 그러므로 문화적인 관점에서 미술영재 교육의 의의와 방안을 구체적으로 논하고자 우리나라의 시대적, 문화적 환경에 부응하는 새로운 미술 영재성의 개념을 알리고 그에 따른 미술영재 교육이 나아갈 방향을 설정하는데 초점을 두었다. 또한 제반 영재교육과정 이론을 토대로 하여, 복합적인 능력집단으로 구성된 미술영재 학급에 적용할 수 있는 한국의 실정에 맞는 미술영재교육 과정 모형을 구상하고 설계하는 것에 본 연구의 목적을 둔다.

점, 선, 면에 의한 어린이 표현연구 : 평면작업을 중심으로

김미중 수원대학교 미술대학원 2008 국내석사

어린이들은 미술표현 활동을 통해서 생각이나 느낌을 자유롭게 나타낼 수 있고 창의적인 능력으로 개발시킨다. 미술 표현 활동은 뇌와 손의 협응 능력을 길러줄어 뇌 발달에 탁월한 효과를 주며 지각을 균형 있게 발달시키고 정서함양에도 중요한 역할을 한다. 또한 다른 발달 영역과도 밀접한 관련이 있으므로 어떤 교육보다도 아동 미술 교육은 매우 중요하다. 어린이들은 자신이 표현하고자 하는 것을 자유롭게 표현 할 수 있을 때 창의력이 증진되며 기쁨과 만족감 그리고 자신감을 얻게 되어 건강하게 자랄 수 있다. 그러나 어린이들이 미술 기초 교육을 받지 못하거나, 모방교육은 표현에 어려움을 겪게 되며 자신감을 잃을 수 도 있고 표현 기능주의 결과를 낳을 수 있다. 창의성이란 스스로의 힘으로 주위 것을 흡수하여 자신의 것을 표현해 나가는 과정의 결과이므로 어린이들에게 발견하고 상상하고 살펴보는 능력을 키워줘야 하며 새로운 상황에 적응할 수 있도록 지도해야 한다. 이에 본 논문은 현대 미술의 기본인 점, 선, 면에 의한 표현 연구로 단순히 점을 그리고 선을 그리고 면을 구성하여 색칠하는 학습이 아닌 다양한 표현 활동 과정을 통해 자신감을 갖게 하여 새로운 표현 활동에 응용?발전시켜나가게 하는데 중점을 두었다. 한 가지 기법이 아닌 여러 가지 기법을 같이 사용해보고 재료에서도 한 가지 재료보다는 여러 가지 재료를 혼합하여 사용했을 때 더 재미있고 다양한 표현이 이루어진다. 또한 화지의 재료, 모양, 크기, 색을 다양하게 제공해야 하며 효과적인 표현재료와 방법으로 즐거움을 갖고 창의적이고 개성적인 표현 활동이 되어야 한다. 작품 특징이 나타나도록 뜯기도 하고 찢고 자르고 필요한 선과 면을 남기고 붙이는 방법이나 강조하고 생략하여 표현하는 방법 등 생각이나 느낌을 점, 선, 면, 색으로 표현해봄으로써 현대 미술을 자연스럽게 익히며 사물의 형태를 추상화하는 과정을 이해시키는 데 목적이 있다. 점, 선, 면의 프로그램으로 화면을 재구성하거나 색을 선택하여 미적으로 배열하면서 아이디어를 재정리하고 기능을 변화시켜 다른 관점으로 대상을 재인식하는 과정을 키워줄 뿐만 아니라 미적 안목을 발달시키고 회화적 구성능력을 길러줄 수 있다. 이러한 교육이 되기 위해서는 먼저 어린이의 개인적인 특성을 존중하고 이해하며 학습능력과 학습속도, 흥미에 따라 개성적이고 창의적인 미술교육이 진행될 수 있도록 교사의 교육철학과 미적인 안목이 요구되며 체계적이고 지속적으로 보다 폭넓은 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다. Children freely display their thoughts and feelings through art expression activities and through them, they develop their creative abilities. Art expression activities train coordination abilities between the brain and the hands, having an excellent effect on brain development, and they develop balances in perception and have an important role in emotional development. Also, since they have a close relationship with other developmental areas, it can be said that art education for children is more important than any other kind of education. When children are able to freely express what they want to express, their creativity increases and they gain joy, satisfaction, and confidence which allow them to grow healthily. However, when children do not receive basic art education or when they receive only imitative education, they experience difficulty expressing themselves and can even lose confidence or it may lead to expressive functionalism. Because creativity is the result of the process of absorbing surroundings with one’s own strength and then expressing them in one’s own way, children’s ability to discover, imagine, and observe must be fostered and they must be guided to adapt to new situations. To this end, this essay has focused on using expressive studies through dots, lines, and sides which are basics of modern art, simply drawing dots and lines and constructing sides to use various expressive processes, instead of using coloring lessons, to foster confidence, focusing on allowing children to make applications to new expressive activities and to develop them. By using several methods instead of focusing on only one, and in combining several kinds of material instead of using one, more fun and diverse expressions can be made. Also, paper should be provided in various forms of material, shape, size, and color, and expressive activities must be creative and individualized using effective expressive material and methods with joy. The purpose is to foster comprehension of the process of making forms of objects abstract and to naturally allow familiarization with modern art by expressing thoughts and feelings with dots, lines, sides, and colors through ripping, tearing, cutting, and pasting, leaving only needed lines and sides, or by emphasizing and omitting, allowing characteristics of the piece to stand out. By reconstructing screens or selecting colors and arranging them in an artistic manner using the dot, line, and side program, ideas are reorganized and functions are altered; and it not only fosters the process of recognizing subjects once more in a different perspective, but also develops artistic discernment and fostering artistic constructive abilities. For such education to take place, the individual characteristics of children must be respected and understood, and educational philosophies and artistic discernment of the teacher are demanded for unique and creative art education to be put into progress, and broader studies should be made more systematically and consistently.

독서를 통한 통합적 미술놀이 프로그램 연구 : 5~7세를 중심으로

이현자 수원대학교 미술대학원 2009 국내석사

The world has changed to the time of developing high added value product of culture to survive in the fierce competition of market economy. Creative knowledge has become the source of national and personal creation of competitiveness and the individuals and societies that can create cultural product can enjoy wealth. Whether like it or not, education of this time has taken on the responsibility of performing a new task of developing human resources that are lead culture creation. In the 21st century, reciting and memorizing knowledge are no longer considered as education. The education of the 21st century requires learning of the method of possessing knowledge by collecting, analyzing and summarizing them. Therefore, it can be said that studying integrated program through reading guidance that becomes a habit from childhood is desirable education idea. The 21st century requires children equipped with ability to thinking, namely thinking power. When equipped with thinking power, they can firmly establish their places no matter how the world changes and this is a charisma that comes from true inner confidence. This is the power of reading. Children must grow up as individuals who are friendly with book if they are to lead successful lives in the soceity of knowledge and information. The remarkable power given by books is a well known fact through numerous great men. Habit is namely education. A well developed reading habit from childhood becomes the opportunity of determining the rest of life. In the integrated art activities realized through reading in the text, wide world is thoroughly travelled through various books, observe the politics of the US, experience the life of king and nobility and look into the life of beggars and poor people. Pleasure, sadness and courage are also learned while looking at happy people and sad people. Such indirect experiences help to grow the most important emotion ability in humans' lives. The paradigm of the 21st century is people equipped with emotion ability, namely emotion leadership. They grow up as humans who communicate with the world and love art and culture by allowing them to know that the world is lived in coexistence with others. The value provided by art is the driving force of making humans beautiful. The program integrated with other subjects and art, music and physical education through reading in this thesis should be recognized as effective education method for artistic value, creativeness, thinking power and emotion leadership and actively utilized as integrated art play through reading.

미술놀이 프로그램을 통한 유아의 창의성신장에 관한 연구 : 5-6세를 중심으로

백은경 수원대학교 미술대학원 2008 국내석사

미술은 자신의 생각이나 감정을 창의적 표현을 통하여 조형의 세계로 창조, 발전시키는 예술의 한 영역이며, 창작과 감상의 다양한 활동을 통하여 표현 감상능력과 창조성계발에 따른 정서 함양에 그 뜻이 있으므로, 작품 제작 위주의 기능성 보다는 미적인 감각을 지닌 예술적 의미의 교육이 필요하다. 그러므로 우선 흥미롭고 즐거운 마음으로 참여할 수 있는 다양한 활동내용과 방법이 제시되어야 할 것이다. 미술교육의 핵심인 창의성은 여러 가지 경험에 의해서 크게 신장될 수 있으므로 교사의 성의와 적극적인 참여 여부에 따라 아동들의 잠재능력이 크게 나타날 수 있다. 이러한 점에서 볼 때 미술교육은 일률적인 구조에 경직되지 말고 유아들의 흥미와 경험에 맞는 체험과 표현의 자유를 주어 각자 독특한 개성과 사물에 대한 특수한 시각과 표현 능력을 키워줄 책임이 있는 것이다. 이에 알맞은 미술 교육의 방법 중 하나로 미술놀이가 있다. 미술놀이란 유아들이 생활에 중요한 부분이며, 유아의 놀이는 학습이고 생활 그 자체이며 그들의 모든 것이 담겨 질 수 있는 매체로서 유아의 발달에서 갖는 의미가 매우 크다. 오감을 활용한 미술 놀이는 다양한 경험과 체험을 가질 수 있게 하여 아동의 능력을 미술놀이라는 즐거운 행위를 통해 스스로 창작할 수 있는 잠재된 창의적 표현능력을 발휘하도록 균형 있게 길러주어야 할 것이며, 그들 자신의 사고와 느낌과 창의적인 상상력을 마음껏 펼 수 있도록 도와 주어 유아의 올바른 성장과 발달을 돕는 교육적 의의를 지니고 있으므로 그 속에서 미적 감수성을 성장시켜야 할 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 무한한 상상력과 독창성이 살아있는 과정중심의 교수법을 사용하여 다양한 재를 제시하고 아동 스스로 재료를 탐색하여 새로운 창조물을 만들어 내는 과정 속에서의 미술놀이를 통해 다양하고 즐겁고, 자유롭고 생동감이 넘칠 수 있는 창의적인 프로그램을 아동에게 적용시켜 보았다. 유아들은 다양한 미술 놀이 속에서 흥미와 호기심을 느끼게 되고 그들만의 독특한 세계를 자연스럽게 표출하는데 효과적이며 조화로운 인격 형성에 도움을 준다. 교사는 유아들을 사랑하는 마음으로 유아들의 세계를 인정하고 이해하며, 새롭고 다양한 창의성계발과 조화로운 인격 형성에 도움을 줄 수 있는 미술 놀이 프로그램 개발에 끊임없는 노력과 연구를 하여 유아들의 잠재되어 있는 무한한 예술적 가능성을 개발시켜야 하겠다. Fine Arts involve creative expression of one's own thoughts and emotions and the creation and development into the world of formation. Since the significance is to cultivate emotions by enlightening appreciation skills and creativity through various activities of creation and appreciation, rather than the functional factors centering on work production, artistic meaning representing esthetic senses should be the focus of education in this regard. Thus, various activity contents and methods through which people can participate with interests and joy should be presented. Creativity, the key of art education can be developed a lot with various experiences, and thus the presentation of children depends on the effort and active involvement of the teacher. In this respect, art education should provide children with the freedom of experience and expression suitable for their interests and experiences, rather than sticking to any uniform structure, so as to cultivate unique characteristics as well as special perspectives on objects and expression skills. One of the art education methods reflecting such intentions above is art play. Art play has significance as for the development of children in consideration of the fact that play is a process of learning and life to children as a medium involving everything needed. Art play stimulating five senses enable various experiences through which children can cultivate the potential creative expression skills in a well balanced way. In addition, children can express their own thoughts, feelings, and creative imagination to the full, which helps their growth and development. Therefore, with the educational significance, art play should be utilized to develop children's esthetic senses. This study presents various materials by means of the process-centered teaching method to bring out limitless imagination and creativity. In the process of art play, which makes children themselves search for materials and creative new things, various, joyful, free, dynamic, and creative programs will be applied to children. Children feel interests and curiosity while in the various art plays, which will help them especially to present their unique world and develop a harmonious personality. Teachers should admit and understand the world of children out of love toward them, and consistently take efforts to develop art play programs that help them cultivate creativity and a harmonious personality so that the limitless artistic potential within children can be freely presented.

창의적 표현을 위한 아동 미술 발상지도 프로그램 연구 : 초등 1,2학년을 중심으로

노혜영 수원대학교 미술대학원 2009 국내석사

The objective of the art education in the revised plan of a 2007 educational process is to raise aesthetic attitude, expression ability, imagination and critical thought that can understand objects with aesthetic sensitivity and intuition and feel & enjoy beauty of visual arts. Therefore, raising creative expression ability is a very important part and the systematic concept guidance is essential for this. Especially, almost all areas of the integrated curriculum of first-and second-year students of an elementary school are expressed through art activity. Therefore, the art activity after school can be very effective for the lower graders in addition to school education. When creativity is becoming national competitiveness, the art activity containing creativity as essence is very effective in raising creativity. A systematic concept method was studied to improve creative expression ability of the art activity containing such a property, and its purpose is to make children participate in art class more actively and have interest in the art class by raising diffusive thought of an individual child through it. First, the art education and the concept of creativity are reviewed to achieve the purpose, and creative conception theories and conception methods in the art department were bound according to a type and were arranged. I tried to device the program by applying the conception methods to the art domain of "Pleasant Life" of the revised subject of first-and second-year students of an elementary school based on it. The following conclusions can be obtained through a class course applying the conception method to raise creative expression ability like this. First, a conception card for a potential idea was made for the total conception class. While the works that are expressed at the first class through appreciation of Miro's works are utilized as a cover of the conception card, they became to have affection in the activity and utilized the conception card faithfully. Second, because plants are directly collected and the collected things are photographed, enlarged and observed in the class using an observation method, partially enlarged photographs were used as drawing reference materials. Observing the photographs directly taken as reference materials on the spot could induce conception of children more efficiently than showing prepared materials. Third, the 'collage of various things' mainly using a method of arrangement and recomposition made students recognize the meaning and the learning target of collage surely through reference materials and participate in the program very actively. Students participated more actively and interestingly by using objet that is often seen in life, and they knew that it is helpful for development of originality and fluency. Fourth, the 'imaginary animals' using a forced relationship method, a questionnaire method and a PMI method, etc. made students select each one piece from two sets of notes with different subjects from each other, and decorate the background by connecting the selected content and making stories, so the completeness was enhanced and characters and backgrounds were recomposed the questionnaire method and the PMI method. The sensitivity, fluency, flexibility and originality were can be induced through it. It was found that if we use reference materials and equipment & materials suitable for a level of children in addition to several conception guidance, they deviate from schematic expression naturally and express creatively. The following suggestions are proposed for utilization of conception guidance based on conclusions obtained through the present study. First, as the art should become pleasant activity that must be carried out in a position that interest and necessity of children meet, a subject, a theme and conception materials should be always selected in a standpoint of children. But as the concentration time of children during the period is not so long, it is not easy that their sufficient conception process and their sufficient expression process are satisfied in one time's class. We should confirm about how much creative conception is made in an idea process without sticking to its completeness and should make the atmosphere that a creative idea is respected for creative expression. Second, we should help potential conception of children by utilizing the conception card actively and should help children participate actively from the planning of works manufacturing. Third, the class after school has relatively superior conditions for children because it is mostly equipped with multimedia facilities, close to the natural environment and has wide space.

아동미술학원에서의 DBAE 적용에 관한 연구

김상한 수원대학교 미술대학원 2009 국내석사

As for the recent trend of art education, creation-based art education has been replaced by discipline-based art education. The discipline-based art education is the new method of art education derived from education reform campaign by pedagogists, including Bruner, in 1960s. It served as a momentum to structuralize and systemize the art subject, and upgrade the pre-existing art subject as anon-main subject into an independent discipline. Afterward, many scholars argued about the discipline-based art education. Finally, the discipline-based art education was officially named "DBAE" in 1980s. DBAE is the integrated educational course encompassing four areas such as aesthetics, art history, art criticism and art production, and enhances fundamental ability to understand and enjoy art. DBAE was introduced to Korea in the early 1990s, and started to be generally known through the explanation on the sixth Korean national art education curriculum and papers written by art educators who studied in foreign countries. The seventh Korean national art education curriculum amended after the sixth Korean national art education curriculum contains practical meaning of DBAE. However, in fact, DBAE has not been widely applied in schools despite its advantages. Such a phenomenon has been caused by the limitation of DBAE theory, condition and situation of art education of each school, difficulties relating to operation of specialist teacher system implemented for compliment to class teacher system at elementary school shortage of art specialist teachers, inefficiency of arrangement of specialist teachers and shortage in the number of art class hours examination-centered educational climate, change of assessment method and negligence on art subject due to such an educational climate. As part of improvement of real status of school art education, this research intends to develop art education program at children's arts institute, private educational institute, which can complement the weak points of art class at elementary school. Furthermore, this research aims to consider how to change the system in order to apply such a program to real educational field. However, Korean government has ignored good effects of private education such as compliment to public education and enhancement of efficiency, and has thought that evil practices of some private institutes for examination-centered education is the very malady of overall private education, and such a malady finally collapses public education. Moreover, Korean government has made and implemented regulation-centered policy toward private education policy on the basis of such a prejudiced viewpoint. In result, the education concerning artistic accomplishments education has been losing its place in educational fields, and many private education institutes relating to artistic accomplishments have been driven out of business. In particular, since it is difficult to confirm the progress of learning at private institutes for fine arts education, parents think that it is sufficient to teach fine arts to only infants or lower grade students at elementary school students. In result, art education for middle and higher grade students at elementary school is being hollowed out. This research analyzed the characteristics of DBAE and its good effects from the viewpoint of education, and investigated how DBAE is applied to the seventh Korean national art education curriculum by using the preceding researches. Besides, it examined development process, actual status, educational and social function of private education. Furthermore, it inquired into how the children's arts institute, private educational institute, which can complement the weak points of art class at elementary school, and what facility and program should be equipped in children's arts institute to complement such weak points. This research will be the foundation for solving problems of public education concerning art. Moreover, future researches are desired to supplement unsatisfactory and insufficient parts of this research.

유아의 창의성을 길러주는 요리미술 프로그램 연구 : 만 5-6세를 중심으로

한지연 수원대학교 미술대학원 2010 국내석사

The society where we are living nowadays requires creative human who can make information and analyze it along with judging ability. The cooking activity among various activities for enhancing problem-solving ability along with creativeness has a merit in enabling provide many experiences with integrated education methods of various forms to infants. Therefore, the cooking activity to infants is a very effective and interesting one integrated with all fields while accompanying pleasures of eating food. By having opportunities of participating in the cooking rather than aiming at delicious foods, infant could feel sense of accomplishment, and enjoy interesting time of eating self-made food. Also, this cooking activity is not finished simply in the making process of foods, and is an effective learning in the integrated phases of educational courses such as shopping(society), calculating(mathematics), forecasting(science), reading cooking table(reading preparation), interaction between teacher-college(linguistic), proposition arrangement(health) and keeping thanks to foods(culture) etc. The effect of cooking art activity to infant’s creativeness could be arranged as followings. First, the integrated activity of cooking art was showed as making positive effect on infant’s creativeness fully. Through this result, the study found out a fact that abundant imagination, creativeness and problem-solving ability of infant can be nourished through various expanded activities such as fantastic cooking with creativeness by cooking activity, making cookbook, bakery game and cooker game etc. Second, as much as the cooking art activity was repeated, the linguistic expression on the taste, type and feeling were progressed into detailed and true forms, and the expression frequency was also increased. Also, infant showed confidence on various symbol activities, and used many vocabularies along with designing a lot of methods. Third, the infants were simply interested in the cooking just from doing it in the initial stage, and then they became to have more interests or made questions, and further making linkage with previous experiences and having opportunities of comparing and deducing the reason etc. Fourth, infants can grow imagination and creative expression by doing creative cooking through cooking art activity or carrying out expansion of various activities. Also, the integrated approach through language, juvenile drama, action and fine art etc. were contributed to development of infant’s creativeness, and promoted their originality. As shown above, consistent concerns and detailed practice plans on the integrated art activity are considered necessary, and also program development is needed in consideration of age of infants, regional conditions and socioeconomic level etc.

다중지능을 활용한 통합적 미술 프로그램 연구 : 7~9세 아동을 중심으로

노아영 수원대학교 미술대학원 2010 국내석사

Multiple intelligence theory considers the intelligence as an ability of solving valuable and meaningful problems at specified situations, the ability is composed of 9 intelligence system such as musical intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, logical-mathematic intelligence, linguistic intelligence, spatial intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, naturalist intelligence and existential intelligence. Therefore, it is required to develop programs considering various personal characteristics so as to develop the 9 intelligences along with cultivating different intelligence and ability of each person. This study researched integrated art programs utilizing multiple intelligence theory which combined the art subject with various subjects such as Korean language, mathematics, science, society etc. in consideration of art subject’s merit which can develop the spatial intelligence and other intelligences comprehensively. So, this study researched the integrated art program focusing on 7-9 year schematic step children based on the multiple intelligences theory, and then made the children have interests in the introduction part by selecting various learning materials and suitable teaching methods with the study process. Also, the study became recognize a fact that a lot of stimuli and praises were required for children so as to concentrate and indulge in the class, when many ideas were needed. Past art education could be said as making the children’s viewpoints be equalized with standardized tools, materials and evaluation, and thus interfered with creativity and disregarded uniqueness of children. Thus, education for the future should develop multiple intelligences of children through small muscle exercise, group activity, reading, writing and hearing after integrating arts of each field and visual expression. The expected effects and merits which can be acquired from art lessons by executing integrated class instructions which utilizes the multiple intelligences theory are arranged as followings. First, integrated enlightenment of various intelligences of children is possible through a lot of art activities. Second, interests in learning and in-depth understand are available by approaching one subject with viewpoints from various fields. Third, interaction can be realized through conversation and discussion between teacher and student, student to student, and the expansion of reciprocal understanding degree could be expected through the interaction. Fourth, the developmental stage of students can be known based on self work’s analysis and understanding through evaluation and linkage learning, and systematic materials of art learning can be made by making portfolio with work pictures after class. Fifth, the art class becomes to focus on process, not results because the class initiative is endowed to students practically, and could bring a lot of synergy effect in the quality improvement by positive participation in the class. In this respect, tools and materials of more than one will be required so as to make excellent school and educational institute same as constructing a house, and teachers should be trained thoroughly on the concepts of various intelligences. It is considered necessary for teachers to have more studies on required activities to successful children including patience, organizing ability, goal setting, humor sense, thoughtfulness, cooperation, positive attitude, respect to others, kindness etc. Therefore, the students who are future dreams could be brought up to whole-personality and creative human, and this program will be a foundation for children to be able to live in successful life. Also, this study expects that the importance of one-level enhanced study on art education program at future kindergartens and primary schools not to mention of art educational organizations could be engraved along with reappraisal on the importance of children’s art education through this study.

설치미술로서의 화예조형 표현연구

황영숙 수원대학교 미술대학원 2006 국내석사

인류의 역사를 되짚어 보면 모든 분야는 시대적 흐름과 문화적 배경에 따라서 발전하며, 그 흐름과 경향이 인간 생활에 많은 영향을 끼친다는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 21세기의 과학적 사고와 실험적 정신은 현대 예술의 조형의지를 다양한 표현방법의 확장을 통하여, 설치미술이라는 공간표현을 시도하게 하였다. 현대미술의 사조는 사회적, 문화적 흐름에 따라 끊임없이 변화하고 있다. 이에 따라 현대 화예조형의 경향도 공간과 미학적 시각에 따라 다양하게 변화하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 화예조형이 현대미술에 있어서 새로운 움직임이라고 보고, 자연의 이미지 중 ‘숲’ 이미지를 설치 미술적 특징을 가진 화예조형 작품으로 표현하였다. 본 연구내용은 설치 미술의 이론적 배경과 의미를 인터넷 웹사이트, 작품 사진, 잡지 등을 통해 문헌을 연구하고 그 결과를 통해 표현주관을 설정하고, 설정된 표현 주관에 따라 숲의 현상을 설치 미술 경향의 화예조형 작품으로 완성하였다. 표현된 작품은 공간적 조형 의미와 시간성, 통일과 변화, 운동 등 조형의 요소와 원리에 의하여 분석하였다. 숲의 이미지를 표현한 ‘숲’, ‘Space', 'Woods'에서는 주로 식물재료를 사용하여 공간, 작품주제, 조형미, 제작기법 등을 표현연구 하였다. 그 결과 화예조형의 설치적 표현은 공간의 조형적 의미와 시간성의 내포, 외부환경과의 유기적 접촉을 통해 화예조형 재료의 특성을 확산시킬 수 있으며 공간표현의 다양한 가능성을 발견하게 된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. Setting mode와 Standing mode 두 가지의 설치유형으로 작품을 통해 표현하고자 하는 숲과 자연에서 느껴지는 생명, 삶, 공기, 순환, 안락, 휴식 등의 이미지가 효과적으로 표현됨을 알 수 있었고, 그 결과로 관객들과 함께 공감할 수 있는 설치 공간을 창출 할 수 있었다. 현대미술에서 새로운 경향이 되고 있는 설치적 공간 구성의 특징을 화예조형으로 표현하여 산업화 되어가는 현대 문명에서 자연과 가까이 할 수 있는 효과적인 방법을 제시하고 화예조형의 영역에서 공간적 표현양식이 앞으로도 더욱 더 다양한 시각에서 연구될 것을 기대한다. In human history, all of the areas were developed in accordance with the flow of times as well as cultural background to have great influence upon human life by the flow and trends. In the 21st century, therefore, scientific thought and experimental spirit expressed by a variety of expanded expression methods to express the space of installation art. The trend of modem art made change continuously in accordance with social and cultural flow. As a result, the trend of modem flower structure made change in various ways in accordance with the space as well as aesthetic viewpoint. In this study, the flower structure was thought to be new movement of modern art to express "the wood" image of the nature by the flower structure work having aesthetic features. The study examined theoretical background and values of the installation art by literature study using Internet website, work photographs and magazines, etc to set expressing subjectivity and to complete flower structure works having trends of installation art. The study investigated formation factors and principles of the works such as spacial structure and time, unification and changes and movement. The works such as "the wood", "space" and "woods", etc mainly made use of plant materials to express images of the wood and to examine the space, subjects of the works, formative beauty and production technique, etc. Therefore, installation expression of the flower structure could spread features of the flower structure materials by formative values of the space, contained time and organic contact with external environment to discover various possibilities of spacial expression. Two kinds of installation modes, that is to say, the setting mode and the standing mode expressed life, living, air, circulation, comfort and rest, etc that men could feel by the wood and the nature, so that the installation space could be produced to have consensus together with spectators. The study expressed features of the construction of installation space being new trend of modem art by using flower structure to suggest effective methods being close to the nature in modem civilization being industrialized. And, the spacial expression forms at the area of flower structure were expected to research them from various points of view.

인쇄 매체를 이용한 화예조형의 설치 표현연구 = ▼(A) study on installing expression of formative flower art with using typographic media

도정희 수원대학교 미술대학원 2005 국내석사

책은 인류의 예지가 고스란히 잠겨 시공을 초월한 만남을 가능케 하는 타임머신이기도 하고, 책이 있는 방은 향기롭기까지 하다. 본 연구의 목적은 정보전달 매체로서 고전적인 미디어인 책과 신문 등의 인쇄매체와 자연매체의 유기적 결합을 의도된 공간에 설치 미술로 화예조형을 표현하는 것이다. 본 연구의 방법은 문헌을 통해 인쇄매체의 사회적 특성, 디지털 시대에 인쇄매체의 역할, 대중매체와의 연관성에 관하여 연구하고 미술의 이론적 연구에 있어서 설치미술의 개념과 설치 기법과 인쇄 매체를 이용한 설치작품을 연구한다. 연구를 통해 책의 조형적 특성을 추출하여 「자연을 통해서 바라보는 책」,「생성하는 책」,「호흡하는 책」 등의 3점의 작품을 화예 조형에 의한 설치 기법으로 화예조형을 표현하고 조형의 요소인 공간, 양감, 질감, 색채, 운동과 조형의 원리인 통일, 균형, 비례, 대비, 강조에 대해 분석하였다. 본 연구의 내용은 자연과 매체와의 조화로 인하여 서로 소통이 되는 형식을 설치미술의 방법으로 자연 매체와 책, 인쇄매체를 이용하여 표현하고 분석하였다. 정보전달의 시각적 매체인 책과 신문을 현대사회에 필요한 지적 도구로 인식하고 지식의 함양과 현대 디지털 시대 속에서 점점 사라져가는 인쇄매체의 역할에 대한 향수를 은유적으로 표현하고 식물소재로 싹이 트는 생성 과정에서부터 꽃이 만개하여 자연으로 확산하는 과정을 인쇄 매체의 원재료인 자연매체로의 환원으로 표현하였다. 또한 전체 작품의 계획과 표현에서 설치 공간인 실내에서 싹이 터서 실외 로비로 확산되며 기성 풍경인 만개한 정원 화단과 전시장 후면의 자연 경관인 산까지 도달하는 자연과 책이 서로 소통하며 교감한다는 의미를 식물 재료를 이용하여 확산 되는 형식을 표현하였다. 이러한 자연적인 매체와 인쇄매체와의 결합을 「매달기」,「쌓기」,「엮기」의 기법으로 설치 표현한 결과 그 조형적 효과는 다음과 같다. 첫째: 전시공간의 물리적 조건인 천장, 벽, 바닥을 적극 활용하고 외부조건은 자연경관을 이용하여 전시의 효과를 공간적으로 확산시켰다. 둘째: 비닐과 식물, 인쇄매체들은 중첩 또는 여백을 통하여 공간 속에서 각 매체의 특성을 나타내고 주제에 관한 연관성을 부각시켰다. 셋째: 다양한 매체들의 표현은 매달기, 엮기, 쌓기 기법을 통하여 개별의 형과 색의 특징이 변형, 생략, 추상화하여 매체적 특질들에 조형적 변화를 가져왔다. 넷째: 식물과 민물고기를 공간 속에 매달기 기법으로 설치한 결과, 식물 사용은 매체가 지닌 특성으로 땅에서 시작되는 생동감을 대기로 확산시키는 효과를 체험하게 하였으며 살아있는 민물고기가 공중에 설치됨으로 생명성과 공간의 능동적인 변화를 나타낼 수 있었다. 다섯째: 일상적인 대상을 부각시켜 조형화 작업을 통하여 새로운 시각적인 즐거움으로 감상자와 소통하는 효과를 볼 수 있고, 전시 되어있는 작품을 관람자가 직접 만지고 관찰하는 경험을 통해 「지식」,「지각」에 대한 소감을 느낄 수 있었다. 본 연구는 「자연을 통해서 바라보는 책」,「호흡하는 책」,「생성하는 책」등의 작품 표현 과정과 결과를 통하여 인쇄 매체가 예술적 가치를 지닌 매체로서 조형적 표현이 가능하다는 것을 증명하였다. 또한 현대사회의 흐름에 적합한 설치 미술로서 화예조형의 영역을 넓혀 갈 수 있는 무한한 가능성이 있다는 것에 의미를 둔다. 앞으로도 화예조형의 설치작품에서 다양한 매체와 양식들을 이용하는 작품 표현에 대한 연구가 계속되어야 하겠다. A book is just like a time machine that allows us to travel beyond the time limit, so we may say that the rooms that have books smell good as if they have good scent. The aim of this study is describing Formative Flower Art with installation arts in objective spaces where there are combinations typographic media such as books or newspaper and natural media. In terms of the method of this study, literature research is operated with researching the connections among social features, the roles of typographic media, and mass media throughout previous literatures. In terms of theoretical art research, this study defines the notion of installation art, the methods of installation art, and installation art pieces with typographic media. With this study, this study has extracted the formative characteristics of books, and showed them in three pieces of installation art such as <Books throughout nature>, <Books, Being Created>, and <Respiring Books>. Also, this study has analyzed not only elements of formative art such as space, volume, texture, color, and movement, also the principles of formative art such as unity, balance, proportion, contrast, and emphasis. In terms of the content of this study, it consists the analysis that involves the formation of communications among nature, typographic media like books through installation art. This study considers that books are the means of visual communication, and newspapers are the means of intelligence to educate knowledge for modern digital society. Based on these assumptions, this study expresses nostalgia of vanishing typographical media. In terms of the topics of nature, an especially plant, this study shows the circulation of media just like plants life spans from seeds to blossoms. The main theme of these pieces is that nature and books can communicate each other. In order to express theme, the pieces of installation art use plant materials. In the course of planning and expressing, the pieces are connected with actual exhibition spaces. The seeds sprout within the exhibition and blossom in outer world like real mountains beyond the exhibition space. With the combination of natural media and typographical media with installation skills such as hanging, blocking and weaving, the study finds following formative effects: First, using natural scenery extends the physical space of exhibiting with utilizing ceiling, wall and floor of real exhibition hall. Second, it emphasizes the connections between mail themes of every piece with duplicating or vacating typographic media, vinyl and plants. Third, it varies the methods expressing individual colors of forms and variation of colors, omissions, abstracts of medium qualities with hanging, blocking and weaving. Fourth, after hanging plant and fish into the space, using plants shows the quality of the earth like creating live ness and diffusing the vitality into the air. Hanging fish in the air shows vitality and active changes of space. Fifth, it achieves the effects of providing visual pleasure with formative art pieces with typographical media, which can be shown in daily lives. Also, the audience can touch the art pieces and experience them, so they feel [knowledge], and [notice]. This study has shown that typographic media can express formatively with artistic values through <Books throughout nature>, <Books, Being Created>, and <Respiring Books>. Also this study has focused on the potential that Flower Formative Art has as installation art, which is the trend of contemporary art. In further study, it needs to consider variations of installation art methods for expressing formative flower art with combination of various art cultures.