Study on optimization and characterization of perovskite (MAPbI3) solar cells : Solution & Evaporation method

이희령 경희대학교대학원 2018 국내석사

The materials which have perovskite structure, known as “perovskite materials”, have been studied steadily and spread them out various fields of research, e.g., Solar Cells, TFTs, Quantum Dots (QD) devices. This research treated the Perovskite (Methylammonium Lead Iodide (CH3NH3PbI3)) based solar cells among them and focused on optimization & characterization of them by solution & evaporation method. In this report, two processes (one is a solution, the other is an evaporation process) of deposit perovskite thin films will be introduced respectively. The general process in the research fields uses the solution process. Then, there are already lots of well-known factors for controlling the parameters of perovskite layers, e.g., Concentration of solutions and spin speed which is mostly related to the thickness of the samples, Solution treatment (ex. Toluene) and annealing temperature & time after spin coating that helps to make high-quality of crystallization. Based on them, this study focused on the effect of solution temperature before spin coating on the performance of perovskite solar cells. The perovskite solutions, dissolved during more than 4 hours before spin coating with different temperature from room temperature (RT) to 90°C, were used. For making a Photovoltaic device, the large size of the panel is prerequired, and it indicates that the uniformity of samples is one of the essential factors. The evaporation process is an adaptable one for enhancing it. In this work, the many factors for optimization of perovskite thin films as well as electron transport layer (ETL) and hole transport layer (HTL) were treated. The ratio of Methylammonium Iodide (MAI) to Lead(II) Iodide (PbI2), the evaporation speed, and annealing condition are for perovskite layer. Also, for two transport layers, Methanol treatment and annealing condition (on the PEDOT:PSS layer (HTL)) and concentration solution, spin coating speed (on the PC60BM layer (ETL)) were studied. Both Perovskite solar cells used two different processes consist of same structure such as Glass / ITO (anode) / PEDOT:PSS (HTL) / CH3NH3PbI3 / PC60BM (ETL) / Al or Au (Cathode). The various measuring instruments, e.g., visible-ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), contact angle, profilometer (α-step), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM),, and solar simulator, were used for analyzing both electrical and optical characteristics of perovskite thin films & Solar cells. Then, from these characterizations, the optimization of perovskite solar cells will be shown in this report.

중남미 대학 한국학 전공의 한국어 교육과정 설계 연구 : 멕시코 나야리트 자치대학교를 중심으로

임현주 경희사이버대학원 문화창조대학원 2022 국내석사

The purpose of this study is to design a Korean language curriculum for a degree program in the Department of Korean Studies in Central and South American universities. To this end, the Korean language as a degree program in Central and South American universities focusing on the case of Autonomous University of Nayarit in Mexico through the identification of the current status of the Korean language curriculum at Central and South American universities where the Korean language course is offered as a degree program and analysis of the needs of learners, Korean teachers, and institutional managers. In Central and South America, there are the Department of Korean Language at Autonomous University of Nayarit in Mexico, the Department of Korean Language and Literature at the University of São Paulo in Brazil, the Department of Korean Language Education at Raul Peña National University of Education in Paraguay, and the Department of Korean Language at Chile Central University in Chile. Korean language education is being conducted by assigning course composition and class hours according to the characteristics of each department. Rather than simply comparing the Korean language curriculum at each university, the current status of the Korean language curriculum in each department was identified. Based on the results of analyzing the needs of learners and professors and in-depth interview analysis with institutional managers, the status of the Korean language curriculum as a degree program in Central and American universities is identified, and the Korean language course for general academic purposes and the Korean language course for specific academic purposes are divided into Central and South American universities, the Department of Korean language curriculum was designed. The proposed Korean language curriculum for the Department of Korean Studies at Central and South American universities was designed in consideration of the characteristics of each course and the linkage between subjects, and the Korean language level of graduates was set to intermediate level or higher and TOPIK level 4 or higher. In addition, the curriculum was designed so that Korean language learning can be conducted separately according to the purpose of learning Korean for the purpose of entering graduate school and the purpose of employment in a Korean company.

第6次 敎育課程에 대한 國民學校 敎師들의 關心度와 實行度 연구

이기륜 경희대대학원 교육대학원 1995 국내석사

뮤지컬 영화 "The Sound of Music"의 음악 분석 연구 : 송 넘버와 큐의 비교 분석을 중심으로

강은주 경희대학교대학원 2014 국내석사

영화는 영상 문화 속에 살고 있는 영상 세대에게 무한한 표현의 가능성을 보여주는 영상 매체이다. 점점 다원화 되는 문화 속에 다양한 영화들이 제작되면서 뮤지컬의 대중화와 함께 뮤지컬 영화의 제작 또한 늘어나고 있다. 본 논문은 뮤지컬 황금시대에 북 뮤지컬의 체계를 완성했다는 평가를 받고 있는 당대 최고의 콤비인 리처드 로저스와 오스카 해머스타인 2세의 뮤지컬 작품 중 영화로 만들어진 “The Sound of Music”의 음악을 분석하기로 하였다. 본론에 들어가기에 앞서 영화 “The Sound of Music”의 배경에 대해서 알아보았다. 그리고 영화에 나오는 송 넘버의 가사 내용과 곡의 형식, 조성 그리고 음악적 3요소를 바탕으로 분석을 시행하였다. 이 후, 송 넘버의 선율과 관계된 큐의 특정 부분을 선정하여 송 넘버와의 비교 분석을 시행하였으며, 그 결과 큐와 송 넘버는 상호간에 조응 관계가 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그 특징은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 각각의 큐는 송 넘버의 모티브를 활용하였으며 하나 또는 두 개 이상의 모티브를 사용하였다. 둘째, 컴파운드 멜로디기법을 사용한 모티브의 결합이 이루어졌다. 셋째, 스테레토 또는 푸가토기법을 통한 모티브의 결합이 이루어졌다. 넷째, 선율과 리듬과의 관계에서 이도법과 반복법, 그리고 확대법과 수축법을 활용하여 리듬에 변화를 주었다 다섯째, 큐의 긴장감 조성을 위해 동주 단조로의 전조를 시행하였다. 뮤지컬의 대중화와 함께 다양한 종류의 뮤지컬 영화가 제작되면서 뮤지컬 영화 음악의 수요 역시 점차적으로 늘어나고 있다. 이에 따라 음악의 완성도에 대한 관객들의 기대에 부흥하기 위해서 뮤지컬 영화 음악의 연구는 필요하다. 논자는 본 연구를 통해 뮤지컬 영화 음악의 형태를 이해하고 이를 활용하는데 도움이 되고자 한다. Movie is an image media that shows possibility of infinite expression to the visual generation who lives within the image culture. As various movies are being produced in gradually diversified culture, production of musical movie is increasing as well along with the popularization of musical. This study intended to analysis a movie, "The Sound of Music," which was created in the golden age of musical that is considered to have completed a system of book musical which was created into a movie among works by the greatest duo of the time, Richard Rogers and Oscar Hammerstein II. Before proceeding to the main subject, this study looked into the background of "The Sound of Music." Also, prior to the comparison analysis, this study conducted the analysis based on lyrics and form of music of song number in a movie, composition, and 3 musical elements.Then, compared and analysis with the song number by selecting a specific part of cue which is related to the melody of song number, and as a result, it was identified that the cue and song number have mutually corresponding relation. The characteristics are as follows. First, each cue used motif of the song number and used one or more than 2 motifs. Secondly, the combination of motifs using the compound melody technique was done. Thirdly, the combination of motifs using sterretto or fugato technique was done. Fourthly, a relationship between melody and rhythm gave variety to rhythm through transposition, repetition, augmentation, and contraction methods. Fifthly, prelude to tónic mínor was conducted to create tension of the cue. As different types of musical movie are being produced along with popularization of musical, the demand of musical film music is gradually increasing as well. For this reason, studies on musical film music are needed to satisfy expectations of audiences who expect the completeness of music. The writer intends for this study to help when understanding and using the form of musical film music.

국내 아동 학습자 대상 한국어(KFL) 교육과정 개발 연구 : 외국인학교를 중심으로

이정아 경희사이버대학원, 문화창조대학원, 2015 국내석사

This study aims to suggest a development plan for a KFL (Korean as a Foreign Language) curriculum designed for young learners in Korea. The research behind this study focused on students attending domestic foreign schools throughout Korea. Recently Korea has seen a steady increase domestically in the number of young learners with multicultural backgrounds, a group which includes children from families where only one parent is Korean as well as children from families where both parents are non-Korean. This increase has drawn the attention of Korean education scholars, but most recent studies focus on those young learners who attend domestic Korean schools. However, students in foreign schools study in a very different environment from that in which students in Korean schools study. Due to the vastly different needs and circumstances of students in the foreign school system when compared to those of students in the Korean school system, I believe that a differentiated curriculum for the young learners who are learning Korean as a foreign language like students of foreign schools needs to be developed. Therefore, I researched the current state of Korean language education in foreign schools in Korea and compared language curriculums of Korean (KSL), language programme (AL, Additional Language) of foreign elementary schools, and English (EFL, English as a Foreign Language) of elementary school in Korea. Also, I took surveys on demand of students, parents and teachers about Korean education. Finally, I concluded a curriculum for beginner students learning Korean as a foreign language needs to be focused on BICS to improve authentic communication skills in daily life, and suggested strategies and a model for KFL curriculum included Korean educational system of foreign schools, target students, objectives, contents, syllabus, sample lesson plans, and evaluation.

민간고용서비스사업자의 교육훈련에 관한 연구

박시연 경희대학교공공대학원 2014 국내석사

1968년 우리나라에 민간직업소개제도가 도입된 이후, 1988년 근로자파견사업, 2001년 직업정보제공사업이 등장하여 민간고용서비스사업 영역이 확대 되었다. 1997년 IMF 이후 우리나라는 공공고용서비스의 한계점을 극복하기 위해 민간고용서비스의 활성화를 위한 교육훈련, 민간위탁사업, 우수인증제도 등의 논의와 시행이 이어졌다. 민간위탁과 우수인증사업에 비해 2007년 이후 직업안정법에 의거하여 시행하고 있는 사업자 교육훈련은 매년 전국 사업자들 60% 이상의 참여률을 보이며 민간고용서비스 활성화의 가장 큰 역할을 하고 있다. 2013년 고용노동부가 국회에 신규사업자 사전교육에 대한 직업안정법 개정안을 제출하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 지난 7년간 시행해온 교육훈련을 분석 및 연구하고, 대안을 제시하여 민간고용서비스의 활성화를 위함이다. 본 연구는 민간고용서비스와 교육훈련 선행연구를 분석하고, 조사연구를 위한 교육훈련 만족도와 교육훈련 개선과목 수요의 틀을 만들고, 설문조사 결과를 해석하였다. 그리고 연구결과와 외국의 교육훈련을 참고하여 교육훈련의 발전방향을 제시하였다. 연구결과 현행교육훈련의 만족도는 대부분 높게 평가하고 있으며, 특히 4년 이하의 신규사업자들의 빈도가 상대적으로 높았다. 이러한 결과는 현행 교육훈련에 대하여 대부분 긍정적으로 생각하고 있으며, 교육훈련에 대한 발전을 기대하는 것으로 보이고, 신규사업자 사전교육 도입도 긍정적인 결과를 나타낼 것으로 본다. 노동관련법규, 사회복지개론, 직업심리, 취업기술, 인사·생산·노무관리, 개인정보보호, 인간행동과 사회환경 등 새로운 교과목 추가 수요도 파악할 수 있었다. 민간고용서비스사업의 활성화를 위하여 현행 교육훈련을 잘 유지하고, 심도 있게 발전시켜야 할 것으로 본다. After being introduced private employment agencies(PREA) to Korea in 1968, temporary work agencies in 1988, service of furnishing employment information in 2001 appeared and private employment service business was expanded. After IMF in1997, Korea discussed and conducted education training, contracting-out of public employment service, Best Employment Service for activation of private employment service to get over our maximum of public employment service(PES). Compared with contracting-out of PES and Certification for Best Employment Service, operator education training that has been conducted by Employment Security Act since 2007 is participated in over 60% national PREA operators and plays an important role. In 2013 Ministry of Employment and Labor presented Employment Security Act revision bill for an advanced education of a new PREA operator to the National Assembly. The purpose of this study aims to analyze and study education training conducted for 7 years and so makes a counterproposal for the activation of private employment service . This study analyzes private employment service and leading research of education training, makes the framework of the demand about education training satisfaction for research studies and improvement courses of education training. And this researcher suggested development direction for education training and referred to the results of this study and education training of foreign employment service. Study results show the current education training satisfaction is most highly evaluated by under 4 years of new operators. In particular their frequency is very high comparatively. These results show the current education training is thought most positively, is expected progress of education training and to introduce an advanced education to new PREA operators will show a positive result. Also the results of the study will grasp additional demand of a new subject, as for labor-related laws and regulations, introduction to social welfare, occupational psychology, employment skills, personnel production labor management, protection of personal information, human behaviour and social environment ets. For The activation of private employment service, The current education training must be maintained well, developed profoundly.

한중 의료과실 인정에 관한 비교법적 연구

곽언가 경희대학원 일반대학원 2014 국내석사

The medical error's essence is the medical establishment and the medical personnel to its attention duty violation, but as a result of the medical behavior's particularity, human body's difference, as well as the medical condition, the dangerous state as well as doctor factor and so on medical level influences, the same method of treatment possibly produces the difficult results, therefore the medical error recognized that the standard very difficult assurance, the scholars to the medical error ti recognize theoretically the standard also has wide divided opinions. This article has conducted the thorough research to the medical error judgment standard, the standard which and the medical error emphatically discusses the Korean medical service error to recognize that aspect and son existence question and flaw analysis questions, attempt to establish suit our country's medical error to recognize the standard. Recognized standard of medical negligence the basic theory, through negligence, medical negligence and other related research and comparative analysis of concepts, clear the original intention of using the concept of medical negligence, it illustrates the particularity of medical practice, unlike other tort. Some basic theory for the Korea recognized standards of medical negligence comparative study was foreshadowing. Recognized standard of medical negligence in China studies, due to the uneven development between regions, differences in the individual physician level factors, it is difficult to use uniform standard of medical negligence medical care, with the technological development and social progress, doctor also have a nes duty of care. This paper adopts the view that will be determined by medical mistakes into specific standard and criteria identified abstract, abstract standard, at the same time a series of principles to assist the clarification of the general criteria, specific factors such as medical, regional medical factors, the urgency of the medical factors. Korea recognized standards for medical malpractice, divided medical error into objective and subjective and abstract standards and specific criteria, while analyzing the relevant legal precedents, summarized Korea recognized standards of medical negligence on the latest research results. Recognized by Korea standard of medical negligence, medical negligence not only found a deeper understanding of the experience from which can be used in China. Between countries through research that the study found medical negligence standard should be used “At the time of the national standard and difference”, the full taking into account national standards, where standards and physicians a range of factors such as personal standards, a more reasonable point of viea of setting international recognized standards of medical malpractice between the cross and chaos, to reduce medical disputes, harmonious relations between doctors and patients.

국내외 보컬트레이닝기법 비교 연구

박찬미 경희대학원 2018 국내석사

예술은 누구에게 레슨을 받고 어떤 선생님에게 훈련받는지가 굉장히 중요하다. 한국 실용음악의 보컬 레슨 현장을 보게 되면 1시간의 레슨 시간에 발성, 소리 훈련이 차지하는 비율은 고작 몇 분 남짓이고 대부분의 시간은 가수의 노래를 카피하는 식으로 진행이 된다. 여기서의 문제점은 제대로 된 발성과 호흡의 지식이 없이 무작정 가수의 표현법을 따라하는 식이 된다는 것이다. 무작정 따라하는 것은 목소리에 아주 치명적인 타격을 입게 할 수 있고 더 나아가 자신의 개성을 발견하는 것이 어려워 질수 있다. 이번 논문에서는 발성법에 대해 제대로 된 지식을 가지고 있으며 많은 가수들을 직접 트레이닝하고 책을 저술한 트레이너들의 총 5명의 훈련법을 연구했다. 그들에게는 첫째 소리훈련과 표현훈련의 두 가지 부분에서 체계적이고 전문적인 보컬 트레이닝 프로그램을 확보하고 있다는 점과 두 번째 소리훈련법이 끝난 다음에 표현훈련법을 진행하는 모습을 보게 되었으며 세 번째 복합적 트레이닝을 실시하고 있다는 점 네 번째 스스로 생각하고 실천할 수 있는 트레이닝 프로그램을 운영한다는 것과 다섯 번째 알기 쉽고 누구나 참여할 수 있는 훈련법을 사용할 수 있다는 점 마지막으로 다양한 노래를 접할 수 있는 기회를 가지고 그 속에서 자신에게 가장 적합한 스타일을 발견하고 이를 발전시켜 개성을 창조할 수 있는 훈련법을 사용하고 있다는 점이다. 본 논문은 보컬트레이닝 프로그램에 대한 체계성에 대한 분석이라는 긍정적 시사점을 가지고 있다고 말할 수 있다. 이를 통해 단순히 노래 카피에 급급한 잘못된 보컬트레이닝에 대한 문제 제기가 되기를 기대한다. In art, it's very important which teacher you've been taught and trained. When I saw the vocal lessons of practical music in korea, It takes only a few minutes for vocal training and sound training during an hour of lessons. And most of the time is dedicated to copying another singer's song. The problem here is to blindly imitate the way other singers express without having a proper knowledge of vocalization and breathing. It can be very damaging a voice, and it can be difficult to discover one’s individuality. In this thesis, I studied the training of five trainers who directly trained many singers and wrote books, with a good knowledge of vocalization. First, they have a systematic and professional vocal training program in both voice training and sound training. Second, they proceed with voice training after sound training. Third, they are conducting complex training. Fourth, they operate training programs that allow them to think and practice themselves. Fifth, they use a method of training that is easy for anyone to know and can participate in. Finally, they use a method of training to listen to various songs, discover the styles that are best suited to them, and develop them to create individuality. This paper has positive implications for the analysis of the systemicity of vocal training programs. Through this, I hope to raise the issue of incorrect vocal training, which is simply focused on copying other’s songs

하악골에서의 안전한 임플란트 식립을 위한 하악골 내측면의 Cone-beam CT를 이용한 해부학적 연구

이정교 경희대학교대학원 2010 국내석사

Backgroud: Currently, the placement of dental implants involves minimally invasive oral surgical procedures that are normally without significant risk. In the mandible, however, some of the complications like perimandibular vessel bleeding can arise during host site preparation, in which the mandibular lingual compact bone can become severely perforated because of the unique morphology of the medial surface. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the anatomical morphology of the medial surface of the posterior mandible using 3D cone-beam computed tomography(CT) images for reducing complications in relation to dental implant placement. Materials and Methods: 50 patients were included in the study, thirty-one males and nineteen females(twenty-nine right first molars and twenty-one left first molars). Average age(±standard deviation) of the patients were 44.28±13.05. On the coronal views cone-beam CT of the first molars, the distance between the top of the canal and the alveolar crest(Vertical distance,VDX(X=0~7)), the horizontal distance between the top of the canal and the outer lingual cortical margin of the mandible(LD), the location of the starting point of VD for reducing from the vertical reference line(VD point), and the inclination of mandibular medial surface(Lingual inclination) were measured, and a statistical evaluation was done using SPSS for Windows 15.0(SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The mean VD0 was 16.91±2.47mm (maximum 23.7mm, minimum 12.9mm) and VDx showed decreasing patterns as x value is increasing. The mean LD was 5.27±1.36mm(maximum 9.8mm, minimum 2.4mm). The VD started decreasing at the mean location of 6.12±0.96mm from the vertical reference line. The mean Lingual inclination was 1.52±0.72° Comparing male with female, significant differences were found in the VD. At the same time, when comparing the VD0 and Lingual inclination, moderate positive linear relationship were found. Conclusion: The results of this study will help accurate placement of the dental implant and reducing several complications such as lingual cortical bone perforating following life-threatening bleeding, particularly in case of pre-operative implant planning using only 2-dimensional imaging methods(ex. Panoramic radiography). Key words : panoramic radiography, cone-beam computed tomography, implant placement, complications, pre-operative implant planning

지구적 질서협력체제로서의 세계사회

강순남 경희NGO대학원 2009 국내석사

국 문 초 록 지구적 질서협력체제로서의 세계사회 본 논문은 평화에 대한 인류의 노력에도 불구하고 전쟁으로 거듭되는 역사를 영구평화 정착으로 전환되는 조건으로 국가의 주권방기와 시민성에 근거한 ‘지구적 질서협력체인 세계사회’의 의제 화와 실현을 목적으로 한다. 인류의 역사에는 전쟁과 갈등이 존재 해왔다. 동시에 평화를 갈망하는 인류의 노력은 시대와 함께 다양한 자구책을 제시하였다. 실로 ‘세계는 연속과 변화의 기이한 칵테일’(나이, 2008: 16)이라 할 수 있다. 현대의 인류는 여전히 전쟁과 위험의 공포 아래 있지만 물질, 과학의 혁혁한 성과는 상호협력 체제를 이루며 인간의 복지 권리를 확대하였다. 더불어 사회적 위험요소 또한 더욱 커졌다. 본 논문은 국가중심의 베스트팔렌조약 이후의 사회변화와 함께 새로운 방향 모색 앞에 선 국제사회와 인류가 공동의 문제인 위험요소로부터 그리고 전쟁의 공포 속에서 벗어나려는 숙원이 동기가 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 변화된 사회(지구화)로 상징되는 지구시민사회의 정의와 지구화를 평가하는 관점 적 분류인 대안론 적 미래사회를 ‘질서협력체제로서의 세계사회’로 상정한다. 대안적 세계사회가 파생된 용어의 기원과 ‘세계사회’는 국가의 부정적 이미지에 반해 사회적 관점을 부각하는데 거시적 사회라는 개념을 도출하여 거시적 접근과 사고의 전환을 요구한다. 이론적 기초는 루소와 칸트에게 근거한다. 담론의 갈래를 통해 ‘지구적 질서협력체제인 세계사회’ 구현을 합리화한다. 그이유로 강제성이 부여된 집행부를 주장하는 현대 주류 담론에 대해서 강제성이 절대권한의 토대가 되는 한 권력의 이동만 가져올 뿐 영구평화라는 근본적인 효과는 거둘 수 없기 때문이다. 반면 질서협력체의 강제성 없음은 곧 무질서 조장이라는 지적에 대해서는 국가민족주의와 인간의 이기심이 주권 방기 불이행으로 표출된다고 항변한다. 또한 국제사회의 변화의 원인을 국가 성 상실과 다원적이고 상호협력체적 사회와 연맹체 설립의 귀결로 탄생된 국제연합에도 두고 이를 ‘세계사회’로의 유인으로 삼았다. 국제연합을 주목하는 것은 합의로 탄생했다는 것이다. 이는 본 논문이 추구하는 ‘지구적 질서협력체제인 세계사회’의 목적과 목표가 협의적 국제사회이며 제도화 된 국제연합을 통해 구체화 될 것을 전망함에 기인한다. 다음으로 ‘질서협력체인 세계사회’를 구상하는데 우선 구성요소로 제도화된 국제연합과 더불어 주권방기의 국가와 시민성으로 무장된 시민으로 분류하며 사회단면으로는 가라타니의 추첨제 도입과 생산자협동조합에 대한 재 고찰 등을 통해 설명된다. ‘질서협력체라는 세계사회’는 무엇보다도 구성원의 의지가 필요하다. 의지는 국가와 시민 모두가 덕성의 토대가 절대적이며 이때 올바른 공공성이 확립되기 때문이다. 본 논문은 칸트와 가라타니의 제안이 주권 상실과 다양한 주체들의 등장으로 진화된 현 국제사회에 실현되어 ‘지구적 질서협력체제인 세계사회’로 완성되기를 바란다. 시민성은 일관되게 노출되어 왔으나 인류는 덕성을 등한시하고 애써 외면하여 충돌을 선택하였다. 이기심과 이해관계와의 고리를 끊지 않는 한 결코 무력적 충돌과 수탈은 막을 수 없다. 현상론적 대안에서 벗어나길 권고하며 국제연합으로 시작된 협의제로 질서가 유지되는 합리적 사회 형성 기여에 본 논문의 담론 화는 의미가 있다. ============================================================ keyword: 지구적 질서협력체제, 세계사회, 영구평화, 사회적 위험요소, 대안론, 상호협력 적, 주권방기, 시민성, 국가 성, 지구화, 연맹체, 국제연합, 국가, 시민, 영구평화, 의지, 공공성, 담론 화, 합리적 사회 ABSTRACT World society, a cooperative system for global order Kang, Soon Nam Department of Global Governance The Graduate School of NGO Studies Kyung Hee University Despite the human efforts for peace, there have been numerous wars. This study tries to present the agenda of world society, a cooperative system for global order that is based on the abandonment of state's sovereignty and citizenship to establish permanent peace for the human race. Human history is filled with wars and conflicts. At the same time, it is filled with diverse human efforts to keep peace. Actually, the world is a strange cocktail of continuity and changes(Nye, 2008: 16). The human race is under the threat of wars and dangerous elements. On the other hand, material and scientific achievements increased human welfare, which in turn increased dangerous social elements. With the social changes after the Peace of Westfalen, the international society and human race have looked for ways to escape from the fears of dangerous elements and wars. This study presents world society as a cooperative system for order as an alternative system for future society. The term world society emphasizes social aspects as opposed to the negative image of states. It demands macro approach and change of thinking based on the concept of macro society. It is theoretically based on Rousseau and Kant's philosophy. This study rationalizes the realization of world society as a cooperative system for global order through various discussion. The main line of modern discourses advocates that enforcing power be given to the executive organization. But if the enforcing power is the foundation of the executive organization's power, it will just bring power shift and not permanent peace. Some claim that not giving enforcing power is like promoting chaos. But it can be said that the selfishness of nationalism and humans are expressed as the non performance of the abandonment of sovereignty. This study considers that the cause of changes in international society lies in the establishment of the United Nations, which was formed as a result of the loss of stateness and establishment of a federation of plural and mutually cooperative society and takes this as the motive for world society. This study pays attention to the United Nations because it was formed based on agreement. The purpose and the goal of world society as a cooperative system for global order is the formation of international society based on agreement and this will be realized through the United Nations. The world society as a cooperative system for global order consists of the institutionalized United Nations, states that abandoned sovereignty, and citizens armed with citizenship. The introduction of lottery into election suggested by Garatani and producers' cooperatives are part of it. World society as a cooperative system for order needs the will of its constituents. Will is the foundation of the virtues of nations and citizens and public good is established through this. This study hopes that the suggestions by Kant and Garatani are realized in the current international society, which has evolved due to the loss of sovereignty and emergence of various bodies, and embodied in world society, a cooperative system for global order. There always has been citizenship but humans have neglected virtues and chosen confrontations. Unless the humans cut the chain of selfishness and self-interest, violent confrontations and exploitation can't be avoided. Humans need to distance themselves from phenomenal alternatives. This study hopes to contribute to the establishment of rational society in which order is maintained by the system of agreement, which started with the United Nations. ============================================================ Keywords: Cooperative system for global order, world society, permanent peace, social danger, alternative theory, mutually cooperative, abandonment of sovereignty, citizenship, stateness, globalization, federation, United Nations, nations, citizens, will, public good, discussion, rational society