충북지역 환경갈등의 경향과 특성

염우 忠北大學校大學院 2013 국내석사

Recently environmental crisis has been getting aggravated, and citizens have increasingly called for pleasant environment and better quality of life. In the mid 1990s, the Korean society went through major changes. The local autonomous system came back to life and professional environmental organizations were formed by region. It was during this period that local residents and civil society engaged in earnest activities in response to a flood of factories producing bottled water and businesses designed to develop Mujang-dae and Yonghwa Hot Spring. Environmental problems came to attract a lot of attention as a big issue in this society, and preventative measures against environmental conflicts and rational solutions to them were regarded as urgent challenges at regional and national level. This study is designed to make an analysis of some cases that can represent environmental conflicts unfolded in North Chungcheong Province, to figure out their tendencies and characteristics and to make policy-related suggestions for rational solutions for them. This study consists of six chapters. Chapter 1, the introduction, gives an overview of this research: the background, the purpose, the scope and the methods. Chapter 2, the theoretical examination, describes theories on environment, social conflicts and environmental conflicts, and findings from previous research. Chapter 3, the analytic framework, selects representative cases involving environmental crisis for the purpose of research, establishes analytic factors for the systematic comparison and analysis of their respective features, and distinguishes the attributes. A frequency analytic framework, an analytic framework for period-based characteristics and an analytic framework for subject-role correlation are presented. Chapter 4 divides the process of the unfoldment of environment conflicts in the region into five periods in line with the terms of the heads of the local autonomous entity, taking a brief look at their flow and features. Chapter 5 analyses the characteristics of the cases involving environmental conflict according to the given analytic framework, summarizes the findings and makes policy-related suggestions. Chapter 6, the conclusion, puts together and organizes the findings in general and points out the accomplishments and limitation of this research. 32 cases were selected as representative environmental conflicts in North Chungcheong Province out of a total of 178 cases released as 10 major environmental news in the region over the 1995-2012 period, and they were expressed by period in a variety of ways. The first period of environmental conflict, which ranged from 1995 to 1998, refers to ‘a period of explosive environmental conflicts,’ when a diversity of significant problems arose simultaneously. The second period refers to ‘a period of conflict expression by region and basin,’ which ranged from 1999 to 2002. The third period refers to ‘a period of focus on the four-river project,’ which ranged from 2007 to 2010. The fifth period refers to ‘a period of transition for environmental crisis,’ which extends from the year 2011 to the present. The following are the findings. First, the conflicts among environmental issues were given much weight, but reduced as the areas of policy cooperation were expanded in the late 2000s. Second, most of the environmental conflict issues lasted for more than 3 years, which means that they were long-term based, and more than half of them turned out to be associated with the region. Third, the overwhelming majority of the environmental conflicts were caused by the public sector including local governments, and the proportion of enterprises is on the increase. The local governments should need to change their role as a causer into a coordinator in terms of policy and roles. Fourth, most of the responders to environmental conflicts are composed of local residents and environmental agents, whose weight turns out to be on the rise. The construction of governance and the expansion of the areas of policy cooperation should be realized to alter roles. Fifth, environmental conflicts proved to be briskly unfolded in case the environmental influences were caused, and local residents in question turned out to become responders to conflicts when damages were done to them. When polices and projects are implemented, the opinions of the local residents concerned should be collected and there should be an increase in chances to participate in them. Sixth, there were less than 50 percent of the cases which had coordinators, which turned out to be mostly the judiciary. As social services have much to be desired in terms of the regulation and prevention of environmental conflicts, it is necessary that the system should be complemented. Although this research is found to be meaningful for the synthetic examination of issues concerning the environmental conflicts in North Chungcheong Province, it also has limitations in that it has focused only on the conflict matters instead of dealing with them in comprehensive ways. The hope is that future research is to look into the characteristics of the entire environmental issues in consideration of the fact that the matters of conflict and non-conflict are magnified, deepened, reduced and relieved in the midst of mutual relation. In addition, it should be noted that the researcher’s own special experiences and views directly and indirectly involved in environmental conflicts may, unintentionally, have been reflected in both the advantages and the disadvantages of this research.

다산 정약용의 실천윤리적 『대학』관

유영구 충북대학교대학원 2013 국내석사

Dasan Jeong Yak-yong (1762-1836) is not only a prolific writer of practical learning(實學) but also a representative thinker in the history of Korean thought. He is an eminent thinker and politician in that he left behind more than five hundred volumes of extensive writings in various fields such as classical learning, politics, economics, literature, and science. Jeong refutes Zhu Xi’s claim on who the real author of the Great Learning(大學) is as described in its annotation, not to mention controversies over the title of the Great Learning itself, the target audience of this book, and its purpose as the “learning of great man” (大人之學). This implicitly intimates that Neo-Confucianism has failed in succeeding the orthodoxy of Confucian school. Criticism of Zhu Xi is a criticism of Neo-Confucianism, and this ultimately has the effect of leading to a criticism of the Chosun upper class, and as such, this was used as one of the ways to reform the socio-political contradictions of the kingdom. Insofar as “illustrating the illustrious virtue”(明明德) is the most pivotal point of the Great Learning, Zhu Xi and Jeong Yag Yong interpret “illustrious virtue”(明德) in different ways: For Zhu Xi, “‘illustrious virtue’ is the innate brightness of one’s nature.” Jeong Yag Yong, on the other hand, explains it as filial piety(孝), brotherly devotion(弟), and parental love(慈), which not only set the foundation for his thought in relation to practical ethics but also enable us to discern his view on the Great Learning. In particular, Jeong Yag Yong’s critical stance towards Zhu Xi’s insistence on including the Great Learning as part of the orthodox Confucian canons begins with the different exegeses on “illustrating the illustrious virtue.” By interpreting “illustrious virtue”(明德) and “loving the people”(親民) as filial piety(孝), brotherly devotion(弟), and parental love(慈), Jeong Yag Yong is refusing to accept Zhu Xi’s theoretical and abstract metaphysical interpretation that focuses on the doctrine of “nature is principle”(性卽理). As for “resting in the highest excellence”(止於至善), while making clear his position on practical ethics as represented by filial piety(孝), brotherly devotion(弟), and parental love(慈), he criticizes Zhu Xi’s interpretation by portraying the fullest achievement of “illustrating the illustrious virtue” and “loving the people” as “resting in the highest excellence.” On the interpretation of “investigation of things and extension of knowledge”(格物致知), Zhu Xi puts emphasis on its theoretical construction while Jeong Yag Yong focuses on its practical aspects. This indicates that the latter’s thoughts on practical learning and practical ethics grounded on his philosophical ideas are based not on cogitation or words but on putting them into practice. Jeong Yag Yong makes attempts to reform the reality he faced in his view of the Great Learning. When that ambitious attempt fails and results in political frustration, he incorporates in Impartial Discussion on the Great Learning(大學公議) his desire for the national and social tasks of the times to be realized by successive generations. The unique characteristics of Jeong Yag Yong’s commentary on the Great Learning may be explained from this aspect.

인삼 자조금에 대한 농가의 인식 및 지불의사 추정

장인복 충북대학교대학원 2013 국내석사

In 2013, the mandatory checkoff program (MCP) for Korean ginseng is scheduled to replace the voluntary checkoff program (VCP) introduced in 2007. To ensure its successful and efficient operation, we investigated the farmers’ awareness of and attitudes toward the checkoff program for Korean ginseng. Additionally, by using the contingent valuation method (CVM), we estimated their willingness-to-pay (WTP) for the MCP. Finally, on the basis of the survey results, we proposed several schemes for the smooth establishment of MCP. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. 64.3% out of the 837 survey respondents were relatively well aware of the ginseng checkoff programs. However, many farmers misidentified these programs as government-subsidized businesses. Hence, it is necessary to educate farmers and promote the ginseng checkoff programs so that they participate voluntarily when the MCP is enforced. 2. 76.8% of respondents agreed that an MCP for ginseng was necessary, and were positive about the MCP itself. However, the awareness of its necessity was not actually related to the WTP for the MCP. It is expected to be difficult to operate the checkoff program. It is necessary to seek various methods by which the rate of fund raising for the MCP can be increased. 3. Only 44.1% of respondents regarded the VCP as effective, which means many farmers do not consider the VCP effective. To form a consensus regarding the MCP, a transparent execution and fair evaluation of the MCP's operation will be required. 4. Mean and median values of the farmers’ WTP for the MCP were estimated at 117.27 Won/kg and 86.81 Won/kg, respectively. The results from the linear logit model showed that farmers with higher education and a better understanding about the checkoff program were positively proportional to the WTP. A noteworthy result is that farmers who have participated in the VCP are less likely to pay for the MCP. This is because the farmers are not very confident about the economic effects of the ginseng checkoff program. This result could also arise from skepticism about the necessity and economic effects of the MCP. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage farmers' voluntary participation by informing them about the features of the MCP, including its purpose, necessity, and economic effects.

류코노스톡 시트륨 덱스트란수크라제 유전자의 Knockdown과 Dual-origin 벡터의 구축

허정선 충북대학교대학원 2013 국내석사

Leuconostoc 속 미생물은 김치와 같은 야채발효식품류의 초기 우점균으로 이형젖산 발효를 하며 발효식품의 맛에 관여하는 주요 유산균이다. 현재 많은 유전학적 연구들이 유산균에서 진행되고 있지만, Leuconostoc 유산균에 대한 연구는 그 중요성에 비해 미흡한 상태이다. 최근 산업적, 생물공학적 이용을 위한 균주 개량이나 gene 기능 연구에 상동서열 재조합에 의한 gene inactivation 기술이 널리 이용되고 있다. 그러나 미생물의 생육에 필수적일 gene일 경우에는 미생물 자체의 생육이 불가능하기 때문에 gene inactivation 기술을 적용하는 데 한계가 있다. 이에 대한 대안으로 mRNA level에서 sense RNA에 결합하여 gene의 발현을 억제시키는 gene knockdown 기술이 이용될 수 있다. 하지만 이러한 antisense RNA를 이용한 gene knockdown 기술은 Leuconostoc에서는 한번도 시도된 바가 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 antisense RNA를 이용한 gene knockdown 기술을 Leuconostoc에 적용하고자 한다. Antisense RNA 발현 벡터를 구축하기 위하여, dextransucrase에 대해 상보적인 서열을 넣어 dextransucrase mRNA에 결합할 수 있도록 고안하였다. 또한 다양한 크기(0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 kb)의antisense RNA 조각들을 pEK32a209벡터에 삽입하여 knockdown의 성공가능성을 높이고자 하였다. 벡터를 구축한 후 Leuconostoc에 electroporation하여 형질전환체를 얻었다. mRNA level에서의 dextransucrase 발현량을 분석한 결과, 대조군인 ANTI0.0 에 비해 ANTI1.5의 경우, 약 15% 감소하였다. 또한, 삽입된 antisense fragment의 크기가 커질수록 발현량이 감소되는 효과를 보였다. Dextransucrase 활성을 분석한 결과, ANTI1.0 은 control과 유사한 수준의 활성을 보였고, ANTI1.5 는 대조군에 비해 약하게 감소한 활성을 보였다. 생육 시간에 따른 dextran 생성량을 분석한 결과, control과 antisense RNA 발현 실험군의 dextran 생성량이 유사하였다. 본 연구를 통해 gene knockdown 기술을 Leuconostoc에 적용할 수 있었으나, 기술의 효과적인 적용을 위해서는 Leuconostoc에서 이용할 수 있는 강력한 induction system이 필요하다. Knockdown을 위해서는 순간적으로 과량의antisense RNA를 만들어 낼 수 있는 system의 개발이 필요하기 때문이다. 현재 유산균에는 다양한 벡터를 이용한 constitutive expression system과 nisin과 xylose를 이용한 inducible expression system이 구축되어 있으나, 발현 가능한 균주의 범위가 제한적이라는 단점이 있다. 이 이유 중 한가지로 DNA 복제 방식의 차이를 들 수 있으며, 복제 방식의 종류에는 rolling circle(RC)-type과 theta type이 있다. 본 연구에서는 두 가지 종류의 origin을 모두 갖는 dual origin 벡터를 구축하고 그 특성을 분석하고자 하였다. pLeuCM의 pCB18 (RC-type)을 얻어, pCB42 (theta-type)를 포함하는 pEK32, pEK42, pLeuCM42 벡터에 삽입하여 dual origin 벡터를 구축하였고, 재조합 벡터를 Leuconostoc 에 electroporation하여 형질전환체를 얻었다. Segregational stability를 분석한 결과, 5가지 벡터(pLeuCM, pLeuCM42, pLeuCM4218, pEK3218, pEK4218) 모두 100세대까지 60% 이상의 안정성을 보였다. 또한, 벡터의 크기가 클수록 안정성은 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 각 벡터의 transformation efficiency를 분석한 결과, 모두 3.1 x 102 CFU/㎍ DNA 이상의 효율을 보였다. 또한, pLeuCM4218은 크기가 가장 큰 벡터임에도 불구하고 높은 형질전환 효율을 나타낸 것이 특징적이었다. 본 연구를 통해 구축된 dual origin 벡터들은 Leuconostoc을 포함한 다양한 유산균의 유전공학적 연구에 있어 유전자 운반 도구로 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Bacteria of the genus Leuconostoc represent a diversified group of heterofermentative organisms commonly used in food industry. Leuconostoc is a predominant lactic acid bacterium in fermented foods including kimchi, sauerkraut and pickle from the initial to the middle stage of fermentation and associated with taste of foods. Leuconostoc spp. also can be used in food biotechnology with various advantages: GRAS host, endotoxin-free, fast growth at aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and good secretion system. However, while Leuconostoc spp. are scientifically and industrially important lactic acid bacterium, the diverse genetic studies at molecular levels have not been accomplished yet for this genus. Gene inactivation by homologous recombination and transposon mutagenesis are useful for functional analysis of target genes but their application often fails for numerous reasons, especially when the gene product is essential to cell growth. An alternative method is to silence gene expression using antisense RNA and the method has been recently pursued in Escherichia coli. Therefore, in the 1st part of this study, antisense RNA technology was applied to knockdown the expression of dextransucrase gene in Leuconostoc. By demonstrating antisense inhibition in Leuconostoc, this work intended to establish a potent method for metabolic engineering of the genus. To construct antisense RNA expression vectors, antisense RNA fragment (size of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 2.0 Kb) were cloned into pEK32a209 (5.6 Kb). The constructs were transformed in E. coli and L. citreum KACC 91348P. Reverse Transcript quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to measure levels of dextransucrase mRNA relative to the levels of phosphoketolase mRNA. As a result, the expression level of ANTI1.5 decreased about 15% against ANTI0.0. By using HPLC analysis, total dextransucrase activities secreted by transformant strains in S-medium were assayed and the activity of ANTI1.5 was slightly reduced, but it was not significantly different compared to the control. We found that antisense RNA used in this study was not enough to significantly inhibit the dextransucrase activities and dextran production in L. citreum. For successful application of antisense RNA technology in Leuconostoc spp., development of stronger gene expression system is primarily required. On the other hand, in recent years, there has been an increase of interest in genetic manipulations of lactic acid bacteria. Numerous plasmid vectors have been constructed using the replication origin of cryptic plasmids of Lactococcus or Lactobacillus species. But, the expression of host range is relatively limited. One of the reasons for this is the difference between the replication mechanisms. In the 2nd part of this study, dual origin vectors harboring two kinds of origins were constructed to use them as heterologous gene transformation tools for the genetic modulation and further genomic study of lactic acid bacteria. To construct dual origins vectors, pCB18 (1.8 Kb) of pLeuCM with RC replicon was cloned into pLeuCM42, pEK32, pEK42 harboring pCB42 of theta replicon. The constructs were transformed in E. coli and L. citreum KACC 91348P. Dual origins vectors showed a high segregational stability in Leuconostoc after 100 generation of cell division. And, transformation efficiencies showed over 3.1 x 102 CFU/㎍ DNA for Leuconostoc. Dual origins vectors were expected that they might be useful as gene delivery tools for the genetic engineering of Leuconostoc and other lactic acid bacteria.

나노 바이오센서를 위한 마이크로 이온액 채널 제작

현병관 忠北大學校大學院 2013 국내석사

상온동작 단전자 트랜지스터 기반의 나논 바이오센서를 제작하기 위해 포토 마스크를 재설계하였다. 180㎛2 면적의 감지막 위에 에폭시 기반의 음성감광제인 SU-8을 이용하여 마이크로 이온액 채널을 제작하였고, 이를 PDMS를 이용하여 봉인하였다. PDMS 표면을 소수성에서 친수성으로 바꿔주고, 결합을 도와주는 작용기를 만들기 위해서, PDMS와 SU-8에 산소 플라즈마 처리를 하였다. 제작된 마이크로 이온액 채널의 부피는 약 82.8 fL (너비 × 길이 × 높이 = 6㎛ × 3㎜ × 4.6㎛)이고 이 채널을 통해 유체가 흐르는 것을 실시간 동영상 측정으로 확인하였다. 이러한 구조는 상온 단전자 트랜지스터를 이용한 초고감도 나노 바이오센서의 마이크로 이온액 채널로 응용이 가능하다. Photo masks were re-designed for manufacturing a room-temperature single-electron transistor(SET)-based nano-biosensor. Microchannels are fabricated by using epoxy-based negative photo resist SU-8 on the sensing layer with 180㎛2 surface and sealed by using PDMS. Both PDMS and SU-8 are exposed by oxygen plasma for PDMS surface to be changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic and for making bonding assistant functional groups. The resulting fabricated microchannels are about 82.8 fL (width × length × height = 6㎛ × 3㎜ × 4.6㎛). Finally, the fluid flow through the microchannels was confirmed by real-time measurement. This structure can be applied to the microfluidic channels of the SET-based nano-biosensor.

표고 톱밥栽培用 菌株 07-84의 育種과 栽培的 特性 硏究

노종현 忠北大學校大學院 2013 국내석사

Oak mushroom(Lentinula edodes) is major edible mushroom in Korea, and taxonomically it belongs to Marasmiaceae, Agaricales, Basidiomycetes and Basidiomycota. Lately, farms of cultivation on sawdust media materially increases in Korea but most of these farms cultivate single variety. It cause a problem that period of oak mushroom production is limited seasonally. Therefore, improvement of a variety of oak mushroom which is suitable for climate in Korea and to diversify period of production is the important issue. In order to breeding new strains of oak mushroom, we collected 10 strains in Korea, Japan, China respectively and examined Somatic incompatibility, morphological comparison of fruiting body and productivity. 4 strains(SANJO701HO, FMRI2534, FMRI2337 and FMRI2613) shown remarkable results, were confirmed with parental strains. 80 monokaryotic strains belong to 4 parental strains, were selected and 117 hybrid strains were made by mono-mono mating. Average mycelial growth of Hybrid strains of mating combination SANJO701HO-FMRI2337, approximately 10% lower than other mating combinations. We cultivated 117 hybrid strains in greenhouse. 5 hybrid strains(07-55, 07-66, 07-84, 07-93 and 07-117) were selected from comparison of their characteristics of fruiting body and productivity between them. And we compared biological efficiency of 5 selected hybrid strains with their parental strains. Biological efficiency of 5 hybrid strains was investigated 36.1(07-66), 35.6(07-117), 27.1(07-93), 25.7(07-84) and 6.5%(07-55), respectively. Selected strains 07-66, 07-117 and 07-93 showed high biological efficiency but observed commercially low quality fruiting body. Temperature type of fruiting body of 5 hybrid strins observed as follows high temperature type(07-117), mid-high temperature type(07-66 and 07-84) and low temperature type(07-55 and 07-93). Temperature type of fruiting body of 07-93 strain has wide range relatively. 07-84 strain was selected finally with consideration for quality of fruiting body, productivity and temperature type of fruiting body. And we confirmed the temperature type(08-21℃) of fruiting body of 07-84 strain in farm test. While the temperature type of SANJO701HO has range from 15℃ to 24℃. In order to analyze the genotype of 07-84 strain , we examined 07-84 strain and 2 parental strains(SANJO701HO, FMRI2613), using five microsatellite markers(Led A2, Led A8, Led B2, Led B6 and Led D6) registered in NCBI(National Center for Biotechnology Information). According to genotyping analysis, we observed the value of Microsatellite marker of 07-84 strain belonged to parental strains at Microsatellite marker LedA8, LedB6, LedD6. 표고(Lentinula edodes)는 담자균류에 속해있는 우리나라의 주요 식용버섯 중 하나이다. 최근 국내에도 표고 톱밥재배가 정착됨에 따라 급속도로 확산되고 있으나 국내 톱밥재배 임가의 대부분이 단일품종으로 재배하고 있어 재배시기가 제한적인 한계를 가지고 있다. 그러므로 우리나라 환경에 적합하고 재배시기를 다변화 할 수 있는 균주의 육종이 시급하다. 따라서 국내외에서 수집한 10개의 균주의 독립성 확인을 통해 구별성이 없는 1개 균주를 제외한 9개 균주를 시험 재배하여 생산성이 높고 자실체 특성이 우수한 4개 균주(SANJO701HO, FMRI2534, FMRI2337, FMRI2613)를 육종 모본으로 선발하였다. 이들 4개 모균주로부터 담자포자를 수집하여 80개의 일핵균주를 선발하고 산조701호를 중심으로 일핵균주 간 교배를 통해 117개의 교배균주를 선발하였다. 그중 산조701호와 FMRI2337의 교배조합이 다른 조합의 교배균주들보다 평균생장속도가 10% 가량 낮았다. 육종된 117개 교배균주를 간이재배사에서 시험 재배하여 자실체의 특성 및 생산성을 검정하고 결과가 우수한 5개 균주(07-55, 07-66, 07-84, 07-93, 07-117)를 선발하였고 이들의 모균주들과 확대 재배하여 생산성을 비교한 결과 각 균주의 생산성은 07-66균주가 36.1%의 회수율을 보여 가장 높게 나타났으며 07-117균주는 35.6%, 07-93균주는 27.1%, 07-84균주는 25.7%로 조사되었고 07-55균주는 가장 생산성이 낮은 6.5%로 조사되었다. 07-93 균주와 07-66균주는 생산성이 높으나 대가 길고 갓이 습한 환경에 약해 갓색이 쉽게 어두워지는 특성을 보였고 07-117균주는 전체적인 자실체 품질이 다른 균주들보다 낮았다. 또한 모균주와 교배균주간에 재배를 통한 온도형 분석 결과 07-117균주는 고온형, 07-66 및 07-84균주는 중온형, 07-55 및 07-93균주는 저온형으로 구분되었으며 07-93균주는 비교적 버섯발생온도범위가 넓은 가능한 균주이나 품질이 저조하였다. 선발된 5개 우수교배균주 중 자실체 형태적 특성 및 균일성, 온도형, 재배특성 등을 고려하여 07-84균주를 최종 선발하였고 산조701호를 대조균주로 하여 임가실증 하였다. 임가실증에서 온도형이 15~24℃인 산조701호에 비해 07-84는 08~21℃로 더 낮음을 확인하였고 산조701호는 10월부터 자실체 발생량이 낮아지는 경향을 보였으나 07-84균주는 9월, 10월에 자실체 발생량이 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 또한 Microsatellite marker를 이용하여 07-84균주와 모균주인 산조701호, FMRI2613의 유전자를 추출하여 genotyping 한 결과 LedA8, LedB6, LedD6 marker를 이용한 결과에서 07-84균주의 유전자형이 각각의 모균주로부터 유래되었음을 확인하였다.

소득 중하층 부부의 경제적 스트레스와 결혼만족의 관계 : 낙관성과 감사의 조절효과

백민채 충북대학교대학원 2013 국내석사

본 연구는 소득 중하층 부부의 경제적 스트레스와 결혼만족의 관계에서 낙관성과 감사성향의 조절효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 충북지역에 거주하는 가계소득 200~399만원의 부부 185쌍을 대상으로 주효과 분석을 위해 자기-상대방 상호의존모형(APIM)을, 조절효과 분석을 위해 위계적 중다회귀분석을 사용하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 남편의 경제적 스트레스는 자신의 결혼만족에 유의한 영향을 미쳤고, 아내의 경제적 스트레스는 자신의 결혼만족뿐 아니라 남편의 결혼만족에도 유의한 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 남편과 아내각자의 낙관성은 경제적 스트레스가 자신의 결혼만족과 배우자의 결혼만족에 영향을 미치는 모든 경로에서 완충적 조절효과를 나타냈다. 셋째, 아내의 감사는 자신의 경제적 스트레스가 결혼만족에 영향을 미치는 경로와, 남편의 경제적 스트레스가 남편의 결혼만족에 영향을 미치는 경로에서 완충적 조절효과를 나타냈다. 연구결과에 기초해 이론적 논의 및 소득 중하층 부부의 상담과 부부관계개선프로그램에서의 시사점을 논의하였다. This research verified moderating effect of optimism and gratitude disposition in the relationship between economical stress and marital satisfaction on the spouses in lower middle income classes. For this, it was used that Actor-Partner Interdependent Model(APIM) analysis of research variables targeting spouses of 185 couples earning 200~399 ten million won as household income and living in Chungbuk for main effect analysis. Also, hierarchical multiple Regression analysis was used for main effect analysis. These are the results. First, economical stress of husbands affected significantly on self marital satisfaction, and economical stress of wives had a big impact on self marital satisfaction and that of husbands. Second, optimism of husbands and wives showed that stress had shock absorbing moderating effect in all of pathways affect on self marital satisfaction and that of spouse. Third, gratitude disposition of wives showed shock absorbing moderating effect in the pathways impacting on self marital satisfaction and marital satisfaction of husbands by economical stress. On the basis of results, it was discussed that theoric argument as well as counseling on the spouses in lower middle income classes and issues in marriage enrichment program.

중국보험소비자특성이 인터넷보험 선호도와 구매의도에 미치는 영향

Xiong ,Xiamu 忠北大學校大學院 2013 국내석사

In today's world, the internet and related advances in information technology significantly affect financial services in general and insurance markets and institutions in particular. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the Chinese consumers' characteristics influence the preference and purchase intention of internet insurance. Survey questionnaire was administered in China and the responses, living in major cities including, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Xiamen were collected from May 17 to May 20, 2013. A total of 632 questionnaires were used in the statistical analysis. For the data analysis, various statistical techniques were used including, frequency analysis, T-test, ANOVA analysis, simple regression analysis, multiple regression and correlation analysis. The result of this study can be summarized as follows: First, internet insurance has to pay attention to age at 20-40, highly educated young unmarried women. Second, Chinese consumers's lack of awareness of insurance and the law of internet insurance is not perfect. In order to make the internet insurance more popular government should strengthen the legal ethics.

여성노인의 기능적 체력 평가를 위한 지각도구 개발

지윤미 충북대학교대학원 2013 국내석사

This study focused on 105 elder women over 65 was to develop perception assessment tools for an test of functional fitness assessment after comparing with fitness in daily life. For the validity of this tools, Senior Fitness Test(SFT) was used, which investigated it through correlation between two tests. The perceptual tools consisted of used ones pre-existing through document researches. As the first preliminary, it was composed of 32 questions regarding 4 fitness factors(cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, and balance & agility). Then some wrong questions were modified according to an expert's opinions based on the theoretical rationale. Thus, it was comprised of 26 questions about 6 fitness factors like upper-body muscle strength, leg muscle strength, cardiovascular endurance, upper-body flexibility, trunk forward flexibility, and balance & agility. For data process, SPSS/Win ver. 12.0 was used, which investigated reliability and validity for the development of the questions. Also, content validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability estimate, and confirmatory factor analysis were implemented. Besides, correlation analysis was applied in order to find out the relation between perceptual tools for an estimation of functional fitness developed and SFT. First, there was no question of which average was under 0.8 after 6 experts doing CVI about the 26 questions. Second, the high reliability, a=0.962, of the 26 questions was verified as a result of running Cronbach's alpha so as to investigate internal consistency of them. Third, 6 fitness factors were set and examined through confirmatory factor analysis for construct validity. Fourth, every question showed high correlation when Pearson's correlation analysis was used to investigate item reliability after test-retest reliability estimate. Fifth, Pearson's correlation analysis for the relation between perceptual tools for an assessment of functional fitness and SFT also showed the significant correlation, which meant there was meaningful correlation as an aspect of criterion, SFT. Therefore, it was appropriate that perceptual tools for an assessment of functional fitness developed in this study were useful as perceptual tools because of their high validity and reliability.

협동조합을 통한 학원 운영 조직 방안 : 보습학원을 중심으로

박미선 충북대학교행정대학원 2013 국내석사

In spite of a decrease in the number of school-age resources by wide opening of education markets and slowdown of population growth rate, the number of private institute increases with commercialization on a large scale and it leads to heavy competition circumstances in the market. Due to overheating competition and the excessive number of the institute establishment, the institutes attracts potential customers based on offering free gifts and unreasonably low tuition fees, window-dressing advertisements rather than improvement in educational quality and environment. Therefore, most of the potential customers turn their attention to franchise institutes of high recognition and it causes imbalance in the market. This research is made to enhance competitiveness of small-medium scale institutes and revitalize or re-normalize institutes by consumer cooperative organization formed with parents as owners or employers of the institutes. For highly effective management of the cooperative organization, this research shows what to consider based on 4 essential factors below out of 7 based on involvement, economy, member’s cooperation, social contribution wise. First, Involvement wise It is a part of the actual education programs including variety of subjects and contests, event performances. it has significant positive impact on high grade achievement and normalization of the institute management in combination of special classes and field study sessions. Second, Economy wise Through the research, it is founded that the bigger profit distribution and more association member is related, the higher impact on normalization of the institutes will occur. Third, Member’s cooperation wise Positive impact on effective management is derived from trust and close relationships among the cooperation members, Fourth, Social contribution wise It is found that reduction in tuition fees for underprivileged people and job creation for local resident teachers can be highly recognized and it can lead to normalization of the institute management. Education businesses contain both of education and business. If it is tilted to business perspective, educational quality will decrease. On the other hand, if it is tilted to educational perspective, financial difficulties come along. In order to balance the above mentioned factors, the cooperative organization formation can help solve current problems with negative points of the private institutes if the cooperation organization is established with high potential for further growth based on good programs and people, affordable tuition fees. With all the above mentioned criteria, long running of the institutes and success in the market is highly feasible if it is established based on well organized structures and trust among the members with business transparency.