Public space and urban citizens : Ottoman Izmir in the remaking, 1840--1890 (Turkey)

Zandi-Sayek, Sibel University of California, Berkeley 2001 해외박사

Nucleosomes and polyelectrolytes

Zandi, Roya University of California, Los Angeles 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

This work is an investigation of some of the mechanisms that influence the physical conformations of DNA and other semiflexible polyelectrolytes. It consists of two parts. In the first, we investigate the mechanical stability of a segment of DNA wrapped around a histone in the nucleosome formation. We determine the minimum number of constraints required to stabilize this configuration. The optimal choice of constraints appears to bear a relation to the existence of a spiral ridge on the surface of the histone octamer. Because DNA is, in its “naked” state, highly charged, electrostatic interactions play an important role in the behavior of this molecule, both <italic> in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic>. Such interactions are ignored in the above investigation. To deepen our understanding of the conformational properties of charged polymers, we focus in the second part of this work on the effect of electrostatic interactions on the distribution function of the end-to-end distance of a single polyelectrolyte chain in a rodlike configuration. We investigate the validity of the concept of electrostatic persistence length for uniformly charged wormlike chains for both screened and unscreened Coulomb interactions. We find that the distribution function of a polyelectrolyte often differs significantly from the distribution function of a wormlike chain. We critically assess existing models of charged polymers.

Public space and urban citizens: Ottoman Izmir in the remaking, 1840--1890 (Turkey)

Zandi-Sayek, Sibel University of California, Berkeley 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation examines the relationship of public space to public spheres in the context of the nineteenth-century multi-cultural Ottoman seaport of Izmir (Smyrna), illustrating the ways city dwellers used urban resources and urban space to mobilize and articulate demands and offer mutual recognition. It focuses on a critical half-century, marked by the state-sponsored modernization reforms (the <italic>Tanzimat</italic>), during which the Empire's social, political, and governmental structure was reconfigured and Izmir's old physical apparatus modernized. The reforms entailed a shift from a custom-based society to a uniformly codified one, constituting a radical threat against the multiple institutional arrangements in terms of which Ottoman cities worked until then. Each chapter explores a specific urban issue that was of particular concern to Smyrniotes, namely the taxation of urban property, the lighting and ordering of the streets, the remodeling the shore, and the public performance of religious, national, and imperial identities. The case studies discussed in this dissertation demonstrate that the implementation of the spaces and concepts of the modern city was an ambiguous and interactive process that confronted multiple interest groups and resulted in unintended consequences—not a progression of orderly steps towards a uniformly modernized urban environment. They also illustrate that, contrary to the general conviction that questions entailing Ottoman communities have to be answered in terms of ethnicity and religion, Smyrniotes organized themselves across religious, ethnic, and national divides to confront, embrace, and act upon Tanzimat changes. Working through questions of public space, public spheres, and urban citizenship help open the particular experience of modernity in Ottoman Izmir and the cultural politics of identities and powers within its public space. At the same time, the issues explored transcend the boundaries of the Ottoman Empire proper and reach the core of current debates about the centrality of material space to the construction of community and citizenship.

Is pharmacological prevention of Alzheimer's disease a realistic goal? Evidence from the Cache County Study

Zandi, Peter P The Johns Hopkins University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

Growing evidence suggests that several classes of commonly used medicines may prevent the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among the most promising of these are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), estrogens (HRT) and antioxidant vitamins. Other candidates include HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) and H-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs). We examined the neuro-protective effects of these compounds in a series of cross-sectional and prospective studies using data from the Cache County Study, a longitudinal investigation of AD and other dementing illnesses among the elderly (age 65+) of Cache County, Utah (USA). In a prospective study of NSAIDs, we found that regular use of these compounds reduced the risk of developing AD. Former use appeared to afford the greatest protection, while current use was associated with little benefit unless such use extended for more than three years. Findings from a prospective study of HRT were similar. Longer durations of HRT were associated with incremental reductions in risk of AD, but current use only provided some benefit if such use exceeded ten years. In a cross-sectional study of antioxidant vitamins, we found that use of vitamins E and C together was associated with a reduced risk of AD. These findings were replicated in a preliminary analysis of prospective data. In cross-sectional studies of statins and H2RAs, we found that use of either was inversely associated with prevalence of AD. These findings, however, wore not sustained in follow-up prospective studies. There was more consistent evidence suggesting that statins that do not cross the blood-brain barrier offer greater protection than those that do. These studies support the conclusion that use of NSAIDs, HRT or antioxidant vitamins can prevent the onset of AD. In the case of NSAIDs and HRT, they may only be effective if taken at least several years prior to the onset of dementia before disease-related damage to the brain is too extensive. The only way to demonstrate the efficacy of these compounds is to conduct randomized prevention trials. Given our findings with NSAIDs and HRT, it may take several years for their protective effects to become apparent in such trials.

Novel approaches in the thermal management of electronics involving coupled electrical, thermal and CFD analysis

Zandi, Bahram The University of Tennessee 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

With the increasing design complexities and reliability requirements, today's electronic design engineers rely significantly on software packages, often based on methods of Computational Fluid Dynamics, for the prediction of electronics operational temperature. In the early product design phases, numerical analysis is used to select a cooling strategy and refine a thermal design by parametric analysis. In the final design phase, detailed analysis is performed for reliability predictions. However, for a large class of electronics applications, progress in reliability prediction is currently hampered by the lack of accurate prediction methods. This is especially true for problems in which there is significant heat generation due to the flow of electrical currents in traces and conductors. The main difficulty comes from the fact that the majority of the heat is dissipated as a result of electrical current flow in various conductors. In order to predict temperatures accurately, the important mechanisms for heat generation and heat transfer must be adequately considered. The issue that complicates matters is that the amount of heat generated by the electric current is itself dependent on temperature, thus requiring an approach that considers the coupling between the electrical and thermal aspects of the model. This study is aimed at this class of electronics cooling applications. Its objective is to present a novel approach to the thermal management of electronic systems that focuses on the multi-physics nature of these problems by coupling electrical, thermal and CFD effects. The software package ElectroFlo is developed by the author for the thermal management of electronic devices using this methodology. The method is first used to predict the temperature rise resulting from the flow of electrical current in an embedded trace. Results show excellent agreement with the experimental data reported by the IPC researchers. Subsequently, a far more complex transient problem involving electrical current flow in a multi-layer board with connecting vias is studied. The results of these simulations demonstrate the effect of coupling the electrical and thermal solutions. It is shown that failure to recognize this effect would result in an inaccurate model prediction; the coupled analysis predicts failure, whereas the uncoupled analysis predicts acceptable temperature levels.

Application mobility

Zandy, Victor Charles The University of Wisconsin - Madison 2004 해외박사(DDOD)

Application mobility is the ability for an application to travel with its user, moving between computers or moving with a computer between locations. We describe new techniques that enable unmodified applications to move independently of each other without requiring changes to infrastructure or actions by administrators. to application mobility unresolved by previous work in process migration and mobile computing. First, we introduce reliable network connections, an by movement, and that recovers from these failures transparently. We introduce an enhancement detection protocol that enables the use of protocol is a general-purpose solution to the problem of safely detecting, at user-level, the presence of remote support for any type of network communication enhancement. a transportable representation of the state of a graphical user interface, that allows the user interface of a running application to be moved, either with or independently of the application process, from one display to another. of replicating user interfaces across multiple displays. of a name space that appears static, but which changes its file access strategies as the application moves. We developed the flac language to specify such name spaces. Flac enables the concise description of file access strategies in terms of services that provide access to file name spaces, and name space composition operators that capture mobile file access semantics. These same descriptions can be used to prescribe the run-time behavior of an application's file name space by handing them to a system that implements the semantics of flac. can be built entirely from user-level code with no application modifications and with generally imperceptible overhead, and can support the mobility of ordinary programs across administrative boundaries and over extended periods of disconnection.

In Search of National Treasures; Culturally Informed Screening of Gifted and Talented Elementary School Students: A School Psychology Perspective

Zandi, Adrian M ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Alliant Internatio 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

The literature review in this doctoral project explores the training school psychologists receive and the impact of this training on screening and assessment of gifted and talented students. Historical context in the adaptive and maladaptive progression of intelligence tests are examined. Empirical and theoretical evidence is provided to support the need for additional school psychologist training to identify and place more students of color into gifted and talented educational programs. This doctoral project includes a series of workshops for school psychologists, teachers, and educators to recognize bias or inaccuracies in assessments and referrals to gifted programs in their schools.