Insider status of migrant workers in Korea : predicting organizational citizenship behaviors and intention to stay

Rahman, Md. Aminur 韓南大學校 2018 국내석사

A comprehensive examination of sectoral and urban-rural wage differentials in Bangladesh

MD AMINUR RAHMAN 국립공주대학교 일반대학원 2024 국내박사

Discrimination regarding wages is unsuitable in a welfare economy. This study explores the sectoral and urban-rural wage differences in an effort to gain an understanding of the variables that lead to wage gaps in Bangladesh. The initial chapter of this thesis investigated the disparity in wages between the government sector and other sectors of ownership through the application of multinomial logit estimation. On top of that, a sector choice estimation has been undertaken to understand the specific features that influence the selection of distinct sectors. The results indicated that inclusion in the government sector is largely dependent upon educational qualifications, whereas the rural population is predominantly engaged in marginal sectors such as individual proprietorship. The main finding of the initial article was alarming because it showed that discrimination is primarily responsible for the gap. This thesis proposed implementing a minimum wage as a means to decrease discrimination, along with suggesting further welfare programs for non-government employees. The subsequent section of this thesis has examined the disparity in wages between urban and rural areas over the periods of 2009–10 and 2016–17. The application of highly sophisticated approaches, such as JMP (Juhn, Murphy, and Pierce), has been used to determine whether there have been any adjustments in the pay gap. The investigation revealed that the gap had decreased over the time frame of the study. The study further asserted that the gap was primarily diminished as a result of the unobserved components. The utilization of PSM (propensity score matching) coupled with JMP is a worthy inclusion in this study, and the implementation of bootstrapping ensured the reliability of the results. Despite some reduction in the wage gap, our findings indicate that factors such as education, industry, and employment have contributed significantly to the widening of the wage gap. The aforementioned observation underscores the intricate nature of urban-rural pay disparities in Bangladesh, thereby underscoring the necessity for a broad and diverse policy framework. The paper emphasizes the importance of prioritizing the improvement of educational opportunities in rural areas, which refers to investments in the infrastructure of education. In addition, the implementation of skills development programs, industrial incentives, and agricultural modernization projects can lead to the simultaneous improvement of job opportunities and income in rural regions, thereby fostering growth in diverse industries. This thesis offers many positive benefits to scholars and policymakers. The techniques utilized in this study could be employed to comprehend the disparity in wages in different nations or areas. Essentially, the results of this study will assist policymakers in Bangladesh in implementing policies that are based on distinct objectives. Discrimination regarding wages is unsuitable in a welfare economy. This study explores the sectoral and urban-rural wage differences in an effort to gain an understanding of the variables that lead to wage gaps in Bangladesh. The initial chapter of this thesis investigated the disparity in wages between the government sector and other sectors of ownership through the application of multinomial logit estimation. On top of that, a sector choice estimation has been undertaken to understand the specific features that influence the selection of distinct sectors. The results indicated that inclusion in the government sector is largely dependent upon educational qualifications, whereas the rural population is predominantly engaged in marginal sectors such as individual proprietorship. The main finding of the initial article was alarming because it showed that discrimination is primarily responsible for the gap. This thesis proposed implementing a minimum wage as a means to decrease discrimination, along with suggesting further welfare programs for non-government employees. The subsequent section of this thesis has examined the disparity in wages between urban and rural areas over the periods of 2009–10 and 2016–17. The application of highly sophisticated approaches, such as JMP (Juhn, Murphy, and Pierce), has been used to determine whether there have been any adjustments in the pay gap. The investigation revealed that the gap had decreased over the time frame of the study. The study further asserted that the gap was primarily diminished as a result of the unobserved components. The utilization of PSM (propensity score matching) coupled with JMP is a worthy inclusion in this study, and the implementation of bootstrapping ensured the reliability of the results. Despite some reduction in the wage gap, our findings indicate that factors such as education, industry, and employment have contributed significantly to the widening of the wage gap. The aforementioned observation underscores the intricate nature of urban-rural pay disparities in Bangladesh, thereby underscoring the necessity for a broad and diverse policy framework. The paper emphasizes the importance of prioritizing the improvement of educational opportunities in rural areas, which refers to investments in the infrastructure of education. In addition, the implementation of skills development programs, industrial incentives, and agricultural modernization projects can lead to the simultaneous improvement of job opportunities and income in rural regions, thereby fostering growth in diverse industries. This thesis offers many positive benefits to scholars and policymakers. The techniques utilized in this study could be employed to comprehend the disparity in wages in different nations or areas. Essentially, the results of this study will assist policymakers in Bangladesh in implementing policies that are based on distinct objectives. Discrimination regarding wages is unsuitable in a welfare economy. This study explores the sectoral and urban-rural wage differences in an effort to gain an understanding of the variables that lead to wage gaps in Bangladesh. The initial chapter of this thesis investigated the disparity in wages between the government sector and other sectors of ownership through the application of multinomial logit estimation. On top of that, a sector choice estimation has been undertaken to understand the specific features that influence the selection of distinct sectors. The results indicated that inclusion in the government sector is largely dependent upon educational qualifications, whereas the rural population is predominantly engaged in marginal sectors such as individual proprietorship. The main finding of the initial article was alarming because it showed that discrimination is primarily responsible for the gap. This thesis proposed implementing a minimum wage as a means to decrease discrimination, along with suggesting further welfare programs for non-government employees. The subsequent section of this thesis has examined the disparity in wages between urban and rural areas over the periods of 2009–10 and 2016–17. The application of highly sophisticated approaches, such as JMP (Juhn, Murphy, and Pierce), has been used to determine whether there have been any adjustments in the pay gap. The investigation revealed that the gap had decreased over the time frame of the study. The study further asserted that the gap was primarily diminished as a result of the unobserved components. The utilization of PSM (propensity score matching) coupled with JMP is a worthy inclusion in this study, and the implementation of bootstrapping ensured the reliability of the results. Despite some reduction in the wage gap, our findings indicate that factors such as education, industry, and employment have contributed significantly to the widening of the wage gap. The aforementioned observation underscores the intricate nature of urban-rural pay disparities in Bangladesh, thereby underscoring the necessity for a broad and diverse policy framework. The paper emphasizes the importance of prioritizing the improvement of educational opportunities in rural areas, which refers to investments in the infrastructure of education. In addition, the implementation of skills development programs, industrial incentives, and agricultural modernization projects can lead to the simultaneous improvement of job opportunities and income in rural regions, thereby fostering growth in diverse industries. This thesis offers many positive benefits to scholars and policymakers. The techniques utilized in this study could be employed to comprehend the disparity in wages in different nations or areas. Essentially, the results of this study will assist policymakers in Bangladesh in implementing policies that are based on distinct objectives.