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Leonard Awal Guinguino 인하대학교 대학원 2015 국내석사
Vitiligo is a progressive hypomelanotic skin disorder and causes a loss of melanocytes. This condition affects almost 1-4% of the world’s population although, the pathogenesis of this condition is still unknown and continuous search for treatment is progressing. In a quest for finding a treatment for vitiligo, Cryptanthus sp. (Fam. Bromeliaceae) was tested effective in inducing melanin differentiation and migration of mouse melb-a melanoblast cell line. The role of the extract on melanoblast differentiation and migration was evaluated. Results show induction in melanin when treated with different concentrations (3.125-12.5 ppm). Dose dependent significant results were recorded and the extract is not toxic to the cells in the stated concentration. Melba-cells treated with Crptanthus sp. leaf extract was observed under phase contrast microscope to differentiate the growth and proliferation of cells compared to the control. Migration Assay was conducted to further elucidate the effect of the extract into the cell and found stimulation on migration of mouse melanoblast cells. Dendrite formation is also visible in the migrated cells that confirm differentiation upon treatment of Cryptanthus sp. (Fam. Bromeliaceae) leaf extract.
Enhancing fiscal decentralisation in ghana : A case study of the district assemblies common fund
Leonard, Anortey Isaac Sungkyunkwan University 2022 국내석사
Local governments were established as agents of local development, providing residents with more opportunity to influence policies and programmes that directly affect their well-being, hence lowering poverty levels. However, various issues plague the implementation of the policies and programmes. The topic of financing local development initiatives in order to eliminate rural poverty is one of the most important. Ghana's government attempted to address this issue by establishing the District Assemblies Common Fund (DACF) in 1994 to promote local administration and reinforce the government's commitment to decentralisation in general and fiscal devolution in particular. The aim of the research is to understand the factors that affect the smooth operation of fiscal decentralization, determine the role of the District Assembly Common Fund and determine how the District Assembly Common Fund can be improved. The Themes that emerged from the study were political interference, lack of resources, support for MMDAs and Accountability. Disbursement monitoring and oversight are inadequate. Source deductions are also a significant barrier for domestic operations. Although the District may be given a particular amount of money, source deductions might dramatically lower the amount that actually makes it to the Assembly.