Einfluβ von Nephrotoxinen auf den glomerul¨aren Proteinstoffwechsel : Untersuchungen an der Niere von Myxine glutinosa

Kastner, Sabine Univ. Hannover 1993 국내박사

Social indentity as a second language user and its effects on second language learning

Kastner, Michael The Graduate School of Hanyang University 1998 국내박사

본 연구는 하나의 학습변수로서 제2언어 사용자의 사회적 정체성 개념을 제시하고, 의사소통중심 EFL학습환경에서 제2언어 사용자의 사회적 정체성을 측정함으로써 학습자 행동을 예측하고자 한다. 이와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 연구자는 EFL환경에서 한국인 학습자의 사회적 정체성을 측정하기 위한 도구로서 세 가지의 개인적 요인과 두 가지의 사회적 요인이 포함된 Socid척도 (Social Identity as a Second Language User Scale) 를 개발하였다. 본 연구에서는 Socid척도를 활용하여 다음의 세 가지의 가설을 검증하고자 하였는데, 이는 첫째, 사회적, 개인적 학습변수 들간에는 상호작용이 있으며, 둘째, Socid 척도는 학습자의 학습참여 및 활동을 예측해주고, 셋째, Socid척도는 학습자 성취도를 효과적으로 예측해 준다는 것이다. Socid 척도의 개인적 변수와 사회적 변수 간의 상호작용 효과를 검토하기 위해서는 이원변량 분석이 사용되었다. 6명의 영어 모국어 사용자가 교수자로 있는 수업에 참여한 340명의 학생들을 대상으로 한 분석 결과는 사회적 변수는 개인적 변수와 상호 작용하여 제2언어습득의 학습에 영향을 끼친다는 것을 보여준다. Socid 척도의 학습참여 및 학업성취도 예측능력 측정을 위해서는 교수자들의 평가와 학습자들의 자기평가 보고서를 종속 변인으로 삼아 다중회귀분석 방법을 적용하였다. 지금까지의 제2언어 습득 연구 분야에서 사회적 정체성에 관한 연구가 많지 않기 때문에 본 연구에서는 사회적 정체성 개념의 근원과 관련된 문헌들을 사회과학 측면에서 고찰하고 이를 제2언어 습득 분야에 적용시켜보고자 하였으며, 한국에서의 영어교육 및 학습에 대한 실제적 적용을 시도하였다. The study proposes the concept of “social identity as a second language user” as a learner variable that influences second language learners’ readiness and willingness to use the second language (i.e., English) and therefore to learn it better. An instrument was developed to measure Korean EFL learners’ social identities as English language users. The validity and reliability of the instrument, called the Socid Scale (Social Identity as a Second Language User Scale) was tested through Factor analysis, the Cronbach test of scale reliability, and through consultation with experts in second language education. The Socid Scale includes five sub-factors, three of which are labeled “personal” and three of which are labeled “social” in nature. The Socid Scale was used to test three major hypotheses: 1) There are interaction effects among social and personal learning variables that contribute to second language learning. 2) The Socid Scale is a predictor of classroom active participation (learning behavior) in using the second language communicatively. 3) The Socid Scale exerts direct and intervening effects on second language learning. The sample included 340 male, college freshmen, (all engineering majors) who had participated in a communicative EFL program taught in 16 learning groups by six native speaker instructors at Hanyang University. Factorial analysis of variance (using two-way ANOVA) was used to test for interaction effects between paired combinations of personal and social sub-factors of the Socid Scale. The dependent variables included listening and reading comprehension scores, active participation in class activities as measured by native speaker instructors and self-reports of students, and student course grades in a communicative EFL college class taught by a native speaker instructor. To test the Socid Scale's power to predict active participation in communicative EFL classes, multiple regression analysis of evaluation scores of native speaker instructors and of self-reports by participants concerning their active participation in their EFL classes were done on the Socid Scale along with control variables. The control variables included background experience in learning and using English and scores on the English part of the Korean Scholastic Aptitude Test (KSAT). Multiple regression analysis was again used to test the third major hypothesis. This time the two variables representing active participation were entered into the equation as independent variables along with Socid and the other control variables with the dependent variables (listening comprehension, reading comprehension, course grade, and so forth). In this way the direct and intervening effects of Socid on the dependent variables could be ascertained. Each of the three major hypotheses included specific sub-hypotheses that are stated and tested separately in the study. Results of most of the tests were encouraging and supported the hypotheses.

Exploring informal music pedagogy in a professional development community of elementary music teachers

Kastner, Julie Dawn Michigan State University 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

With the intent of understanding the music teacher's experience in informal music pedagogy, the purpose of this study was to explore the processes, perceptions, and practices of music teachers as they participated in a professional development community (PDC) to discuss and implement informal music learning practices. This study also investigated the nature of the teachers' participation within the PDC. While many studies have explored the characteristics and processes of students engaged in informal music learning, little research has focused specifically on the experience of music teachers who may have little or no experience with informal music learning practices. There is a need for research that explores how music teachers respond to exploring and implementing informal music pedagogy with their students and the role that a professional development community with other music teachers can play in this process. This study was an instrumental case study using ethnographic techniques. In this study, the case was a professional development group (PDC) of four elementary general and choral music teachers who read research articles about, discussed, and implemented informal music learning. Data forms included video-recordings of PDC meetings, audio-recordings of semi-structured individual interviews, observations of music classes, comments from a private Facebook group, and collected artifacts. Data were coded and analyzed for emerging themes and trustworthiness was ensured through member checks, peer review, and data triangulation. Themes emerged in four main areas: (1) "Applications and Perspectives," (2) "Pedagogical Practices Supporting Informal Music Learning," (3) "New Windows into Students' Musicianship," and (4) "The Professional Development Community." The participants developed a variety of applications of informal music learning activities that they implemented in their classrooms, and they began to value the engagement, motivation, and independent musicianship that they saw blossoming in students, although they were concerned about the activities' logistics and the perceptions of others. They employed several pedagogical strategies in implementing informal music learning activities; these strategies fell along a continuum ranging from having more teacher control to more student freedom. The teachers recognized the change in their practice and appreciated how their classrooms were becoming more democratic. As they stepped back to observe students' "messy" processes, they valued the new windows they gained into students' musicianship, including the development of unexpected student performers and leaders. Finally, in the PDC, the teachers developed a collaborative community, felt validated and encouraged by reading research articles, and enjoyed having autonomy in their professional development experience. Based on the results, I recommended that informal music learning may serve as an approach for music teachers to support independent musicianship and develop a more democratic classroom, but they need support and validation when implementing these concepts. Music teacher education should continue to introduce informal music learning to undergraduates and find ways to help practicing music teachers explore these ideas, and PDCs may serve as a way for music teachers to have autonomy in their professional development, leading to more effective and long-lasting teaching change. Ideas for future research are also discussed.

Modeling a Hox gene network: Stochastic simulation with experimental perturbation

Kastner, Jason Christopher California Institute of Technology 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

The <italic>Hox</italic> genes show a striking segment specific pattern of expression in a variety of vertebrate embryos, and have been the topic of many experimental analyses. There are now sufficient data to construct a higher-level model for the interaction and regulation of the <italic>Hox </italic> genes. This thesis presents the results of an investigation into a regulatory network for the early <italic>Hox</italic> genes. Instead of using conventional differential equation approaches for analyzing the system, a stochastic simulation algorithm has been employed to model the network. The model can track the behavior of each component of a biochemical pathway and produce computerized movies of the time evolution of the system that is a result of the dynamic interplay of these various components. The simulation is able to reproduce key features of the wild-type pattern of gene expression, and <italic>in silico</italic> experiments yield results similar to their corresponding <italic>in vivo</italic> experiments. This work shows the utility of using stochastic methods to model biochemical networks and expands the stochastic simulation algorithm methodology to work in multi-cellular systems. In addition, the model has suggested several predictions that can be tested <italic> in vivo</italic>. A tight connection was also created between the modeling and laboratory experiments. To investigate a connection between two components of the network, retinoic acid (RA) and <italic>Hoxa1</italic>, a novel laboratory experiment was performed to perturb the system. An RA soaked bead was implanted into the neural tube of a developing chick embryo and the effect of the exogenous RA was assayed with an <italic>in situ</italic> hybridization for the gene <italic> Hoxa1</italic>. The resulting expression patterns suggested that one aspect of the model design was not accurate, and based on these results the model was modified to encompass the new data, without losing the fit to the original data sets. The thesis work was therefore brought full circle, thus showing the utility of an interconnected effort: the act of constructing and using the model identified interesting biology questions, and the answer to one of those questions was used to enhance the model.

Far-field radiated noise mechanisms in high Reynolds number and high-speed jets

Kastner, Jeff The Ohio State University 2007 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

The present research examines the relationship between the large-scale structure dynamics of a controlled jet and the far-field sound. This was achieved by exploring the flowfield and the far field of an axisymmetric Mach 0.9 jet with a Reynolds number based on jet diameter of approximately 7.6 x 105. The jet is controlled by eight localized arc filament plasma actuators (LAFPA), which operate over a frequency range that spans the jet column instability, the initial shear layer instability, and higher. Varying the phase between the eight actuators allows excitation of azimuthal modes (m) 0, 1, 2, and 3. The far field of the jet is probed with a microphone array positioned at 30° with respect to the downstream jet axis. The array is used to estimate the origin of high amplitude sound waves in space and time and also to provide metrics including sound pressure level (SPL) and overall sound pressure level (OASPL). The lower forcing Strouhal numbers (StDF's) increase the OASPL and move noise source distributions upstream while higher StDF 's slightly decrease the OASPL and have noise source distributions similar to the baseline jet. The cross-stream distribution of noise events changes from being localized along the jet centerline when the OASPL is amplified to being rather diffused when the OASPL is attenuated. The flowfield is investigated using flow visualization and particle image velocimetry (PIV). A Reynolds decomposition of the PIV results showed the importance of the streamwise velocity fluctuations for the symmetric azimuthal modes (m = 0 and 2), and the cross-stream velocity fluctuations for the asymmetric azimuthal modes (m = 1 and 3). A proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of the PIV data was performed to extract information about how forcing affects the large-scale flow features. The first POD mode based on v' shows the existence has large-scale flow features from forcing over a large range of StDF 's (0.09 to 1.08), while the first POD mode based on u' only has large-scale flow features from forcing around the preferred St DF of 0.36. The first two POD modes were used to conditionally average the PIV data. When forcing at StD's other than the preferred mode, the conditional-averaged images show large-scale flow features from forcing that grow, saturate, and decay closer to the nozzle exit. When forcing near the jet preferred St DF, the large-scale flow features are very robust in the region of noise generation. The growth, saturation, and decay of the largescale flow features from forcing correlate to the far-field sound and noise source distribution. When exciting a symmetric azimuthal mode, m = 0, near the preferred St DF, the streamwise conditional-averaged velocity grows quickly and saturates over a relatively long spatial range. When exciting an asymmetric azimuthal mode, m = 1, near the preferred StDF, the cross-stream conditional-averaged velocity grows slowly, saturates, and then decays relatively quickly. The noise source distribution occurred in the decay region for both m = 0 and m = 1, and the distribution changed in accordance with changes in the decay rate. The quicker decay of m = 1 was accompanied by a narrower noise source distribution, while m = 0 decayed slower and the noise source distribution was spread over a longer streamwise span. A model was used to relate the centerline growth, saturation, and decay of the large-scale flow features to the far-field sound. The model was slightly changed based on the azimuthal mode, and the changes lead to differences in the far-field radiation.

Synthesis techniques and optimizations for reconfigurable systems

Kastner, Ryan Charles University of California, Los Angeles 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Computing devices are becoming smaller and more complex due to the sheer number of transistors that we can fit on a single chip. The exponential scaling predicted by Moore's Law will allow even more complex system-on-chip devices into the foreseeable future. In order to cope with the complexities of system to automatically synthesis applications that are written in an application-level description. In addition, it will allow designers to explore the tradeoffs between different system architectures. This work looks at system synthesis techniques for a particular class of system architectures—reconfigurable systems. Reconfigurable systems allow post fabrication configurability enabling customizable spatial computing. Furthermore, it permits the system to transform the underlying hardware to adapt to the temporal requirements of an application. Reconfigurable architectures can differ in their reconfiguration granularity. An FPGA has a bit-level reconfiguration (datapath width). This gives the system great <italic>flexibility</italic>—the capacity to implement a large number of applications at the cost of reconfiguration time and performance. A reconfigurable architecture with larger datapath width (e.g. byte or word level) loses flexibility but can gain in reconfiguration time and system performance. We discuss many aspects of these tradeoffs in this work. The heart of this work is a framework for the synthesis for of reconfigurable systems. The framework is built on top of the SUIF compiler and interfaces with Synopsys Behavioral Compiler. We focus on optimizations for two particular system synthesis problems—instruction generation and data communication. Instruction generation is the process of automatically generating customized instructions in a system. Data communication is the amount of data transferred between various components of a system. We detail both of these problems and give methodologies and algorithms to solve each problem. Furthermore, we study methods to increase the amount of parallelism when mapping an application onto a reconfigurable system.

Form and Meaning in the Hebrew Verb

Kastner, Itamar ProQuest Dissertations & Theses New York Universit 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation is about the basic building blocks that make up words, and how these building blocks interact with the rest of the grammar. The grammar is generally viewed as an inventory of contentful units and the rules governing their combination. One question for linguistic theory is what these units might be like. Are they different for different languages? A second question is how these pieces are put together, and again we ask whether these combinatory processes are the same in different languages. A third question is to ask what we can build. This study concentrates on building verbs, specifically how the grammar builds their structure in a way that then constrains semantic interpretation and phonological pronunciation. The empirical domain is the verbal system of Modern Hebrew, where this work attempts to unify our treatment of concatenative and non-concatenative morphology. The hypothesis put forward is that hierarchical syntactic structure, once generated, must be interpreted according to specific locality constraints when transferred to the interfaces with semantics and phonology. At each interface additional calculations take place. These calculations are interface-particular: semantics and phonology are not identical objects of study. Yet the two have in common a locality constraint on calculations that derives directly from the syntactic structure. In addition, individual lexical items ("roots") place their own requirements on the meaning and/or the pronunciation. The theory developed here limits this influence of roots to the two interfaces, making the claim that individual roots have no syntactic features. Nevertheless, roots are active at the interfaces in ways that are predictable once the right generalizations are sought out. The phonological form of roots is relevant at the phonology and their lexical semantics is relevant at the semantics: roots have no syntactic features, only interface requirements. Hebrew, being a contemporary Central Semitic language, shows the kind of non-concatenative, "root-and-pattern" morphology that is organized around consonantal "roots" and prosodic "templates", the latter consisting of a prosodic shape, certain vowels and an affix. The account put forward argues that Hebrew roots are abstract lexical elements which combine with discrete syntactic functional heads. The combination, once fed through the phonology of the language, results in morphophonological templates which are not primitives of the system in and of themselves. The architecture defended supports the view of constrained interpretation at the interfaces which lies at the core of this proposal, using non-hierarchical surface forms in order to mount an argument for hierarchical structure. Chapter one of the dissertation introduces the issues at hand and the basics of the Hebrew verbal system. It also reviews a number of earlier approaches which help set the stage for the analysis that follows. Chapter two develops the syntactic-semantic part of the proposal, defining the syntactic elements needed to derive verbal morphology both for Hebrew and crosslinguistically. It is shown that the different combinations of these elements produce the verbal system of Hebrew in a way that is constrained, in the semantics, by the lexical idiosyncrasies of individual roots. Chapter three takes the proposed structures and manipulates them in the phonological component of the grammar. The view of linearization pursued here is shown to make correct predictions. The effect of different classes of roots is highlighted, and the point is made that verbal templates are not holistic morphemes but the spell-out of distinct functional heads. Chapter four takes a quantitative approach, surveying previous psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic work on Semitic languages and presenting novel findings from a recent magnetoencephalography experiment. These findings support the claims made in the previous chapters regarding the organization of the system. Chapter five considers how the child might acquire this system. Recent developmental findings are surveyed and a novel computational model is discussed. This chapter outlines a model of Semitic acquisition in which the consonantal character of roots is used as a learning cue, leading to acquisition of basic verbal templates and eventually the system as a whole. Chapter six concludes, recapitulating the main contributions of this work: derivations in a generative grammar combine rigid grammatical principles with unstructured lexical material. This dissertation defends an explicit view of how such combination takes place.

Unraveling a collection of nineteenth-century Navajo textiles : A narrative history

Kastner, Carolyn Kay Stanford University 1999 해외박사

Commerce in the shadow of conflict: Domestic politics and the relationship between international conflict and economic interdependence

Kastner, Scott Lawrence University of California, San Diego 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Limited commercial integration between India and Pakistan, or within much of the Middle East, suggests that conflict between countries can have a detrimental effect on their economic relations. Indeed, a number of studies in the international relations literature have shown that, in fact, tension or conflict between countries tends to be correlated with lower levels of economic exchange. Yet rapidly growing economic integration between Mainland China and Taiwan suggests that economic interdependence can also flourish in the presence of severe political tension and a potential for military conflict. Clearly, the relationship between political conflict and economic interdependence is one that varies considerably across cases, and in this dissertation I develop an argument that seeks to account for such variation. I argue that conflict can have a negative impact on commerce for a number of reasons, but that these effects are contingent on the political strength of internationalist economic interests within domestic polities. When these interests are strong, leaders try to keep conflict from affecting their foreign commercial relations, and as such the independent effects of conflict are limited. When internationalist economic interests are weak, international conflict has a strong and independent negative effect on cross-border commerce. To test my argument, I conduct statistical analyses of international trade and investment flows for a large sample of countries over an extended period of time. Using UN voting patterns as a proxy for conflict, and overall trade openness as a proxy for the political strength of internationalist economic interests, I find that conflict has much stronger independent effects when internationalist economic interests are weak. I also examine the relationship between conflict and commerce within two cases: Mainland China-Taiwan relations, and India-Pakistan relations. I show that the growing political clout of internationalist economic interests in both Mainland China and Taiwan has been a key reason why commerce has flourished in that case despite serious political rivalry. In the India-Pakistan case, by contrast, internationalist economic interests have held relatively limited political influence, and as a result, leaders have not paid high costs for allowing bilateral political conflict to undermine the bilateral economic relationship.

The Fate and Dynamics of a River Plume in the Surf Zone

Kastner, Samuel E. University of Washington ProQuest Dissertations & 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.