Diffuse optical tomography: Imaging multiple structural and functional features

Jiang, Ruixin University of Florida 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

Diffuse Optical Tomography has drawn more and more interests in the biomedical field over the recent couple of decades due to its ability to noninvasively recover not only tissue structural information but also functional and molecular properties. The contrasts that optical parameters could demonstrate in DOT are usually higher than those of the conventional methods. Based on these contrasts, different approaches had been developed applying DOT for imaging, and so far lots of efforts were spent on detecting breast cancer by imaging tissue absorption and scattering coefficients as well as hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation level. In this work, we tried to expand the ability of DOT in breast cancer detection by introducing Phase-contrast diffuse optical tomography (PCDOT). PCDOT uses near-infrared diffusing light to non-invasively reconstruct tissue refractive index (RI) distribution. RI depends on the tissue’s physical and chemical properties and previous study revealed that it might serve as a promising imaging parameter in breast cancer detection. We’ve first developed a 2-step method to improve the PCDOT image both qualitatively and quantitatively at single-wavelength; then we’ve introduced a multispectral PCDOT algorithm to more efficiently reconstruct RI simultaneously with other tissue functional parameters and attempted to improve this algorithm by different structural regularization methods. Measuring hemodynamic changes, oxygen delivery and cerebral blood flow is important for locating and interpreting pathological variations associated with epileptic disorders. We then further expanded the application of DOT by presenting a method of dynamic, noninvasive and functional diffuse optical brain imaging that is conducted simultaneously with hippocampus CA1 local field potential recordings for anesthetized rats under resting conditions and during acute chemoconvulant provoked seizures. By illuminating the scalp with near-infrared light and recovering, the backward scattered light were collected and three-dimensional (3D) absolute tissue optical absorption images with high temporal resolution were obtained using a finite-element based reconstruction algorithm. The measured tissue absorption changes were validated with optic-intrinsic-signals measurement. In the focal seizure model, the seizure focus could be identified using the technique denoted by local variations of tissue absorption level as well as hemoglobin and cerebral blood flow changes. The findings are consistent with general observations in seizures of significant local cerebral metabolism increase. Successive absorption images along with EEG signals demonstrated linearity relationships from the neurovascular coupling study, suggesting cerebral metabolism closely matches demand from neuronal changes. This preclinical study suggests that this technique is feasible to be applied to human study and can provide insights into brain function and mechanisms of seizure disorders.

Computational and Physical Quality Assurance Tools for Radiotherapy

Graves, Yan Jiang University of California, San Diego 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

Radiation therapy aims at delivering a prescribed amount of radiation dose to cancerous targets while sparing dose to normal organs. Treatment planning and delivery in modern radiotherapy are highly complex. To ensure the accuracy of the delivered dose to a patient, a quality assurance (QA) procedure is needed before the actual treatment delivery. This dissertation aims at developing computational and physical tools to facilitate the QA process. In Chapter 2, we have developed a fast and accurate computational QA tool using a graphics processing unit based Monte Carlo (MC) dose engine. This QA tool aims at identifying any errors in the treatment planning stage and machine delivery process by comparing three dose distributions: planned dose computed by a treatment planning system, planned dose and delivered dose reconstructed using the MC method. Within this tool, several modules have been built. (1) A denoising algorithm to smooth the MC calculated dose. We have also investigated the effects of statistical uncertainty in MC simulations on a commonly used dose comparison metric. (2) A linear accelerator source model with a semi-automatic commissioning process. (3) A fluence generation module. With all these modules, a web application for this QA tool with a user friendly interface has been developed to provide users with easy access to our tool, facilitating its clinical utilizations. Even after an initial treatment plan fulfills the QA requirements, a patient may experience inter-fractional anatomy variations, which compromise the initial plan optimality. To resolve this issue, adaptive radiotherapy (ART) has been proposed, where treatment plan is redesigned based on most recent patient anatomy. In Chapter 3, we have constructed a physical deformable head and neck (HN) phantom with in-vivo dosimetry capability. This phantom resembles HN patient geometry and simulates tumor shrinkage with a high level of realism. The ground truth deformation field can be measured from built-in surface markers, which is then used to verify the accuracy of an important ART step of deformable image registration. Our experiments also demonstrate the feasibility of using this phantom as an end-to-end ART QA phantom with an emphasis on testing the dose deliver accuracy.

Two Parameter Inference Methods in Likelihood-Free Models: Approximate Bayesian Computation and Contrastive Divergence

Jiang, Bai ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Stanford Universit 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation is a summary of my three major projects in my PhD program.A version of Chapter 2 has been accepted by Statistica Sinica [Bai Jiang, Tung-Yu Wu, Charles Zheng, and Wing Hung Wong. Learning summary statistic for Approximate Bayesian Computation via deep neural network. arXiv preprint arXiv:1510.02175. 2015]. I was the first author, responsible for all major areas of concept formation, methodology, mathematical proof, experiments, data analysis, as well as the majority of manuscript composition. Wu T-Y contributed to conducting simulation experiments, and Zheng C contributed to manuscript composition and proofreading the mathematical texts in the proof. Wong WH was the supervisory author on this project and was involved throughout the project.A version of Chapter 3 has been submitted to one of the top journals in Statistics and is now available in arXiv, a repository of electronic preprints, [Tung-Yu Wu, Bai Jiang, Yifan Jin, Wing Hung Wong. Convergence of Contrastive Divergence algorithm in exponential family. arXiv preprint arXiv:1603.05729. 2016]. Wu T-Y and I were co-first authors contributing equally to this project. Wu T-Y was involved in the early stages of concept formation and conducted preliminary experiments. I was responsible for mathematical proof, experiments, data analysis and manuscript composition. Jin Y was involved in the early stages of concept formation and contributed to mathematical proof. Wong WH was the supervisory author on this project and was involved throughout the project.A version of Chapter 4 has been submitted to one of the top journals in Statistics and is now available in arXiv [Bai Jiang, Tung-Yu Wu, Wing Hung Wong. Convergence of Contrastive Divergence with annealed learning rate in exponential family.arXiv preprint arXiv:1603.06220. 2016]. I was the first author, responsible for all major areas of concept formation, mathematical proof, experiments, data analysis and manuscript composition. Wu T-Y was involved in the early stage of concept formation. Wong WH was the supervisory author on this project and was involved throughout the project.

Raman spectroscopy of single molecules on noble metal nanoparticles

Jiang, Jiang Columbia University 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

This thesis presents theoretical calculations and experimental results on the mechanism of surface enhanced single molecule Raman spectroscopy. Raman scattering from single Rhodamine 6G molecule adsorbed large Ag nanoparticles was studied. A superlinear power dependence of the SERS signal was observed. The result is discussed in terms of model where single R6G molecule that yields surface enhanced Raman signal is located at the junction of two Ag nanoparticles. By increasing the incident light intensity, the huge gradient force can pull the molecule further into the junction. The dynamics of molecular motion and junction geometry were investigated by Raman depolarization studies. Results show depolarization ratio is wavelength independent for both the R6G Raman lines and the underlying continuum. In addition, depolarization ratio can usually be changed by changing the laser polarization on the sample, and varies as a radiating dipole of extreme anisotropic Raman tensor. This is explained by the local field properties at the junction sites of particle aggregates. The origin of the Raman continuum is proposed as the Ag electronic Raman triggered by chemisorbed R6G. Classical electromagnetic (EM) field calculations are presented to discuss the EM field enhancement for a single sphere and dimer of spheres as a function of separation. For a Ag particle dimer, as separation gets smaller, the EM field at the junction is further enhanced at least 4–6 orders of magnitude compared to the single sphere case. The density distribution of coherent oscillating electron-hole pairs in the sphere is also calculated as a function of particle distance. It changes from a volume excitation in an isolated sphere to a surface excitation in a closely spaced dimer. Controlled metal nanoparticle dimers have been self-assembled using rigid conjugated di-thiol bridging molecules. Preliminary results show that weak Raman signal from single optically transparent molecule at particle junctions is observed.

Understanding mechanical environment changes and biological responses to canine retraction using T-loop

Jiang, Feifei Purdue University 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

Jiang, Feifei. Ph.D., Purdue University, May 2015. Understanding Mechanical Environment Changes and Biological Responses to Canine Retraction Using T-loop. Major Professors: Jie Chen, School of Engineering and Technology, Anil Bajaj, School of Mechanical Engineering. Predictability of tooth displacement in response to specific orthodontic load system directly links to the quality and effectiveness of the treatment. The key questions are how the tooth's environment changes in response to the orthodontic load and how the biological tissues respond clinically. The objectives of this study are to determine the mechanical environment (ME) changes and to quantify the biological tissues' response. Eighteen (18) patients who needed maxillary bilateral canine retractions were involved in the study. A method was developed to quantify the 3D load systems on the canine, which allowed the treatment strategies to be customized in terms of orthodontic loading systems to meet either translation (TR) or controlled tipping (CT) requirement. Dental casts were made before and after each treatment interval, and the Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans were taken prior to and following the entire treatment for control of treatment strategy and post treatment evaluations. Finite element method (FEM) was applied to calculate the location of center of resistance (CRes) for tooth movement control. The location and variation of CRes were recorded and compared with previous studies. A quick CRes assessment method that locates CRes by calculating the centroid of the contact surface (CCS) and the centroid of the projection of root surface (CPCS) in certain direction was also tested and compared with the results from FEM. Customized T-loop spring, a kind of orthodontic appliance, was designed, fabricated, and calibrated on a load measuring system to ensure that the load met the clinician's prescription. The treatment outcomes in terms of tooth displacement and root resorption characterized by the changes of tooth length and volume as well as the bone mineral density (BMD) represented by the Hounsfield units (HU) change were recorded and analyzed. The ME in terms of stress were also calculated by using FEM. Paired t-test and mixed model ANOVA methods were used to analyze the relationships between the mechanical inputs (quantified and customized load, and corresponding stress) and clinical outcomes (root resorption and BMD change). It was found that the overall root resorption is not significant for canine retraction, but apical root resorption does occur, meaning that orthodontic load is not a sufficient factor. Also, it was observed that HU distribution changed significantly in both root and alveolar bone. The maximum reduction was on the coronal level in the direction perpendicular to the direction of movement in root, and in the direction of the tooth movement at the coronal level in bone. In addition, it was determined that the locations of the CRes in the MD and BL directions were significantly different. The locations of the CRes of a human canine in MD and BL directions can be estimated by finding the CPCSs in the two directions. Finally, it was shown that the stress invariants can be used to characterize how the osteocytes feel when ME changes. The stress invariants in the alveolar bone are not significantly affected by different M/F. The higher bone modeling/remodeling activities along the direction of tooth movement may be related to the initial volumetric increase and decrease in the alveolar bone.

MCRDR 방법을 활용한 전력 수요반응(DR)의 조업 계획 자동 도출

JIANG NAN 아주대학교 2017 국내석사

안전, 경제, 신뢰성은 사용자가 전력 시스템에게 에너지 제공한 기본 요구이다. 글로벌 경제와 기술의 빠른 발전에서 전기 시스템의 운영과 수요가 거대한 변화를 발생하고 있다. 특히 전력 부하 difference between peak and trough의 증가 때문에 설비 용량이 부족해 peak-trough 부하의 수요를 만족하지 않는다. 그러므로 스마트 그리드의 전기 peak 부분에서 스위치를 닫거나 새 설비를 추가 운행한다. 전기 trough 부분에서 힘이 줄이거나 부분 설비를 쉬다. 여기 연구 중에서 Multiple Classification Ripple Down Rules(MCRDR) 방법을 활용하여 공업 전력 수요반응 체계의 세우기 이루어지다. 그리고 JSON 컴파일로 코드를 만들어 이 시스템을 보여준다. 설비의 자주 off-on 반복되면 인력을 낭비 & 에너지도 증가하다. 그리고 설비의 수명이 미치는 영향을 주고 평균 이용시간이 내리다. 효율 저하, 정확도 부족, 높아지는 작업자 의존도 등의 발생하기 억제할 수 있다. 수요반응 제도 전략을 통해 공장 설비 관리자가 전기 시스템의 peak load shifting(削峰填谷) 행동을 참여한다면 부하 곡선을 개선할 뿐만 아니라 공장 생산 설비 시스템의 안정성을 지킨다.

Effect of plasma electrolytic fluorination and sacrificial anode design on durability enhancement of biodegradable magnesium alloy

Jiang, Hengbo Graduate School, Yonsei University 2017 국내박사

생분해성 금속재료인 마그네슘(Mg) 및 그 합금은 정형외과, 심혈관내과 및 치과 분야에서 많은 연구를 부단히 진행하고 있다. 하지만, 마그네슘 임플란트는 생리적 환경에서의 내부식성이 낮음으로 인해 의학적 용도에 적용되기엔 하직 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 Mg합금의 일종인 AZ31을 사용 하였다. AZ31의 내부식성을 향상시키기 위해 고농도의 불화물 전해질을 사용하여 PEF코팅처리(플라즈마 전해 불화처리)를 시행하였다. 그리고 PEF코팅된 AZ31의 표면형태, 코팅 두께 및 코팅 성분을 관찰하였고 전기화학부식시험 및 무게감소시험을 진행하여 부식특성을 평가하였다. PEF코팅된 AZ31과 코팅되지 않은 AZ31을 인공체액속에 4, 8, 12주 동안 침지한 후 인장강도를 측정하여 비교하였다. 대부분 표면처리된 마그네슘은 주로 공식현상이 생기기 때문에 이를 관찰하기 위하여 경도기로 샘플표면에 압흔을 내어 공식시험을 진행 및 분석하였다. 그리고 AZ31의 급속한 부식이 발생되는 것을 방지하기 위하여 희생양극 원리를 이용한 부식유도형 디자인(CGD)을 개발하여 비교 분석하였다. 결과에서는 PEF코팅표면은 다공성 구조였고 기공크기는 600-900 nm, 코팅두께는 1-14 µm이다. PEF코팅의 주요성분은 불화마그네슘이다. 전기화학부식시험 및 무게감소시험에서 PEF코팅된 AZ31은 인공체액속에서 코팅되지 않은 AZ31과 비교하였을 때 내부식성이 효과적으로 개선되었다. 부식한뒤 인장강도실험에서 PEF코팅된 AZ31의 인장강도는 코팅하지 않은 AZ31보다 낮았다. 공식시험을 통하여 PEF코팅된 AZ31의 강도가 급속히 저하되는 결과를 초래하는 주요원인은 공식이라는 것을 입증하였다. 따라서 부식유도형 디자인은 AZ31의 강도를 일정한 침적시일내에서도 완벽하에 보호할 수 있었다. PEF코팅은 생물학적으로 유리한 구조이면서 AZ31의 내식성을 높일 수 있지만 PEF코팅된 AZ31은 생흡수 과정에서 공식이 생성되어 기계적 파절을 일으킬 수 있기 때문에 임상적으로 사용되기에는 아직 한계가 있다. 부식유도형 디자인은 PEF코팅기술의 단점을 해결했을 뿐만 아니라 이는 생흡수성 마그네슘임플란트의 임상적 적용에 중요한 역할이 될 것이다. Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have attracted fundamental research in the fields of orthopedics, cardiovascular, and dentistry as biodegradable metallic materials. However, Mg exhibits poor corrosion resistance, especially in a physiological environment, which limits its applicability in medical applications. This study uses a type of Mg alloy called AZ31. The corrosion resistance of AZ31 was improved using plasma electrolytic fluorination (PEF) as a surface treatment. Then, the surface morphology, coating thickness, and composition were observed, and the corrosion behaviors of PEF-coated AZ31 were evaluated via electrochemical and weight loss tests. The tensile strength of PEF-coated AZ31 after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) was investigated after 4, 8, and 12 weeks and compared with Bare AZ31 which underwent the same treatment. Pitting corrosion caused a rapid decline in the mechanical strength of AZ31. We verified pitting corrosion using the hardness tester to indent the surface of the samples and performed pitting corrosion analysis. In addition, we prevented the rapid corrosion of AZ31 by designing a “corrosion guide design (CGD)” for the unprecedented Mg implant according to the potential difference between Bare and PEF. The result of coating with PEF showed that a porosity structure of pore size 600–900 nm and thickness 1–14 µm was generated on the AZ31 substrate. MgF2 was covered on the coated surface. In electrochemical corrosion and immersion corrosion tests, the PEF-coated AZ31 exhibited efficiently improved corrosion resistance compared to Bare AZ31 in SBF. In the results of tensile strength through corrosion, the growth trend of weight loss percentage for PEF-coated AZ31 was less than that of Bare AZ31. However, the tensile strength of the PEF-coated AZ31 after immersion was lower than that of Bare AZ31. We verified that the pitting corrosion was the main reason why the strength of PEF-coated AZ31 was lost rapidly. As seen in the results, the CGD can fully protect the strength of the AZ31, but only for a period time. Although the PEF coating has a structure that favors biological growth and it can increase the corrosion resistance of AZ31, there is a limitation in its clinical use because of its generation of pitting corrosion. The result in the PEF-coated AZ31 could lead to mechanical fracture through biodegradation. However, after surface-treatment, Mg could have increased corrosion resistance but the pitting corrosion might rapidly reduce the mechanical strength of an Mg implant, resulting in serious consequences for patients. Perhaps the CGD would remedy the disadvantages of surface coating technology on applying biomedical Mg implants.

A study on real-time processing of video stream data

Jiang, Xing Chen 서울시립대학교 2018 국내석사

In a smart city, various intelligent services based on processing big data that generated by many sensors, CCTV cameras, and other intelligent infrastructures can be provided to citizens. CCTV cameras are installed in various places of modern cities, either for public and private security or for collecting information. Real-time analysis of the video stream data generated by CCTV cameras can not only monitor the urban environment in real-time or manage traffic effectively, but also prevent crimes. It can find the designated person or vehicle in real-time and track the specified objects. In order to process this kind of video stream data in real-time, a large amount of computing resources are needed. It requires real-time processing of face detection, face recognition, and face-based tracking through video stream data generated by urban CCTV cameras to find criminals in urban environments. In this thesis, face detection, the first step of these processes, is processed in real-time. In order to do this, Haar-like feature-based cascade classifier is used as face detection algorithm, and a cloud computing based real-time processing system for video stream data is proposed. And then, I implemented two different stream processing methods for real-time processing in the proposed system using Apache Spark and Apache Storm respectively. The performance evaluation of the implemented system was done on a multi-node cluster and the results are presented in this thesis. 스마트 시티에서는 많은 센서, CCTV 카메라 및 기타 지능형 인프라스트럭처에서 발생하는 대용량 데이터를 처리하여 다양한 지능형 서비스를 시민들에게 제공 할 수 있다. CCTV 카메라는 모니터링을 할 수 있으며 공공 및 개인 보안 또는 정보 수집을 위해 현대 도시의 다양한 장소에 많이 설치되어있다. CCTV 카메라로부터 발생하는 비디오 스트림 데이터를 실시간으로 분석하여 도시 환경을 실시간으로 모니터링을 하거나 트래픽을 효율적으로 관리 할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 범죄예방도 가능하며 지정된 사람이나 차량을 실시간으로 찾고 지정된 개체를 추적하는 데에 사용할 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 비디오 스트림 데이터의 실시간 처리를 위해서는 많은 컴퓨팅 파워가 요구된다. 도시 환경에서 범죄자를 찾기 위해 도시 CCTV 카메라에서 발생하는 비디오 스트림 데이터를 통해 얼굴 탐지, 얼굴 인식, 얼굴 기반 추적의 실시간 처리가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는, 이러한 과정 중 제일 첫 단계인 얼굴 탐지 과정을 실시간으로 처리하였다. 이를 달성하기 위해, 얼굴 탐지를 위한 알고리즘으로 Haar-like feature-based cascade classifier를 사용하였고, 비디오 스트림 데이터를 실시간으로 처리하기 위한 클라우드 컴퓨팅 기반 시스템을 설계하였다. 그 설계한 시스템에서 실시간으로 처리하기 위한 두 가지 종류의 스트림 처리방식을 오픈소스인 Apache Spark와 Apache Storm을 사용하여 구현하였다. 구현한 시스템의 성능 평가는 다중 노드 클러스터에서 수행하였으며 그 결과를 본 논문에서 소개한다.

안마의자 인터넷 광고의 특성이 한·중 소비자의 구매의도에 미치는 영향 비교 : 감성소구에 따른 안마의자 광고를 중심으로

Jiang Yan 홍익대학교 대학원 2016 국내석사

As the South Korean people are pursuing a successful aging as many of them have chronic diseases and a higher interest in health due to the rapidly aging society, the healthcare industry is emerging. In particular, although the top priority of the Koreans was identified to be health among their personal interests, the proportion of those who actually work out gets gradually lower compared to the high interest in exercise and health. In addition, although the word ‘healing’, which means comforting and healing the heart has been mentioned like a syndrome as the South Korean people have a low life satisfaction, massage chairs that can be helpful for health and healing started to receive attention from the young people with a lack of leisure time over the past few years. Such a growth of the South Korean market for massage chairs influenced China, the worlds’ biggest manufacturer of massage chairs, which attracted attention to the massage chair market and led many companies to enter the industry. It is considered that the existing massage chair manufacturers will rapidly grow in the near future by advancing into the Chinese market. Therefore, this research considered necessary to review the advertisement status of the massage chair markets of South Korea and China at this point, and conducted the following studies to seek the alternatives for differentiated internet advertisement strategies to stimulate senses of the consumers in various classes and satisfy them. Research Topic 1: Does informativeness, entertaingness and inconvenience of the characteristics of the internet advertisement of massage chairs influence the purchase intention of the consumers in South Korea and China of massage chairs? Research Topic 2: Are the impacts of the characteristics of the internet advertisement of massage chairs on the purchase intention of the consumers in South Korea and China of massage chairs different depending on emotional attraction? First, the research reviewed the status of the massage chair market to empirically produce the research findings; collected the banner ads promoted on the main pages of each company website after selecting the brands with a high market share and awareness among the massage chair brands released in South Korea and China; and compared and analyzed the status of advertisement of South Korea and China after revising the standards used in advanced researches to the characteristics of the massage chair products. In addition, it selected two advertisements as a stimulus targeting 316 people in South Korea and China from April 18-24, 2016 and conducted an empirical analysis to figure out whether the impacts of informativeness, entertaingness and inconvenience of the characteristics of the internet advertisement of massage chairs on the purchase intention of the consumers and the relationship of the factors are different depending on emotional attraction of the advertisement. The research found that informativeness had positive impacts on the purchase intention of the South Korean consumers and entertaingness had positive impacts on the purchase intention of both the South Korean and Chinese consumers among the characteristics of the internet advertisement of massage chairs, indicating that the purchase intention of massage chairs increased as the consumers were interested in the internet advertisement of massage chairs. In addition, it was identified that the impacts of informativeness and inconvenience of the characteristics of the internet advertisement of massage chairs on the purchase intention of consumers of massage chairs were different depending on the expressive elements of emotional attraction. Such research findings indicated that informativeness, entertaingness and inconvenience of the characteristics of the internet advertisement of massage chairs had impacts on the purchase intention of the South Korean consumer; entertaingness had positive impacts on the purchase intention of both the Chinese consumers; and such impacts were different depending on the expressive elements of emotional attraction. If these visual elements are aggressively used as well as the linguistic elements as a tool to deliver the messages of advertisement, it will lead to create more effective advertisements. 한국은 고령화 사회로의 빠른 진입과 이에 따른 만성질환자의 증가 및 건강에 대한 관심 등이 증가함으로 인해 성공적 노화를 추구하려는 경향을 보이면서 헬스-케어 산업이 부상하고 있다. 특히 한국인들은 개인 관심사 순위에서 건강에 최우선의 가치를 두고 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 그럼에도 불구하고 실제 운동을 실천하는 비율은 운동 및 건강에 대한 관심에 비해 점점 더 퇴보하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 또한, 한국인은 삶에 대한 만족도가 낮아 마음을 위안하고 치유한다는 뜻의 힐링이라는 단어는 신드롬처럼 사용되고 있으며 최근 몇 년간 여가시간이 부족한 젊은 층에게 건강과 힐링에 도움이 되는 안마의자가 주목받기 시작하였다. 이와 같은 한국 안마의자 시장의 성장은 세계에서 가장 큰 안마의자 제조국가인 중국에도 영향을 미치고 있으며, 이러한 영향은 안마의자 시장이 주목됨으로 인해 많은 기업들이 이 분야로 진출하려고 하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 기존의 안마의자 생산기업들도 중국의 내수시장을 진일보 개척함으로써 머지않아 고속성장기에 들어설 것으로 보고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구는 현시점에서 한국과 중국 안마의자시장의 광고현황을 살펴볼 필요성을 느꼈으며 다양한 계층의 소비자들의 감성을 자극하고 그들을 만족시킬 수 있는 차별화된 인터넷 광고 전략을 위한 대안을 모색해보고자 다음과 같은 연구를 진행하였다. 연구문제 1 : 안마의자 인터넷 광고특성 중 정보성, 오락성과 불편성은 한·중 소비자의 안마의자 구매의도에 영향을 미치는가? 연구문제 2 : 안마의자 인터넷 광고특성이 한·중 인터넷 이용자들의 안마의자 구매의도에 미치는 영향은 감성소구에 따라 차이가 있는가? 실증적으로 연구결과를 도출하기 위하여 먼저 안마의자의 시장 현황을 살펴보았고 한국과 중국에서 출시한 안마의자 브랜드 중, 높은 시장점유율과 인지도를 가진 브랜드를 선정하여 현재 각 기업홈페이지의 메인화면에 홍보하고 있는 배너광고를 수집하였고, 선행연구들에서 사용된 척도를 안마의자 제품의 특성에 맞게 수정하여 한국과 중국의 광고현황을 비교분석하였다. 그리고 2개의 광고를 자극물로 선정하여 2016년 4월 18일부터 4월 24일까지 한국과 중국의 316명을 대상으로 안마의자 인터넷 광고의 특성 중 정보성과 오락성, 그리고 불편성이 소비자의 구매의도에 미치는 영향과 이들의 관계가 광고의 감성적 소구에 따라 차이가 있는지에 대해 실증적인 분석을 하였다. 연구결과 안마의자 인터넷 광고의 특성 중 정보성은 한국인의 안마의자 구매의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 안마의자 인터넷 광고의 특성 중 오락성은 한국인과 중국인 모두 안마의자 구매의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 안마의자의 인터넷 광고에 흥미를 느낄수록 안마의자의 구매의도가 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 안마의자 인터넷 광고특성 중 정보성과 불편성이 소비자의 안마의자 구매의도에 미치는 영향이 감성소구의 표현요소에 따라 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 연구 결과는 안마의자 인터넷광고의 특성 중 정보성, 오락성, 그리고 불편성이 한국 소비자의 구매의도에 영향을 미치며 중국 소비자에게는 오락성이 안마의자 구매의도에 영향을 미친다는 것과 이러한 영향은 감성광고의 표현요소에 따라 차이가 있음을 시사하고 있다. 광고의 메시지 전달도구로 언어적인 요소뿐만 아니라 이러한 비주얼 요소들도 적극 이용한다면 더 효과적인 광고를 만드는 길잡이가 될 것이다.

중국 사회관여적 미술의 양가적 특징 : 대장정 프로젝트를 중심으로

Jiang Ruimin 홍익대학교 대학원 2023 국내석사

This study demonstrates the unique ambivalent characteristics of China's socially engaged art  project through the case analysis in the early 2000. It returns to the relationship between Chinese society and art to find a large number of Chinese artists, so as to follow farmers' aesthetics, then implement the social and personal reasons of art intervention in the countryside. The research of  socially engaged art in China often takes the theory of relational aesthetics as the dominant point of view to demonstrate the publicity, or emphasizes the avant-garde of artistic intervention as a civic movement. It rejects this analysis dominated by western aesthetics, emphasizing an alternative view of how social intervention fits into Chinese aesthetics and the interconnectedness of Chinese social realities. Because the social intervention art project focuses on the intervention of social problems which involves aesthetic considerations, bringing two reasonable opposing views to a certain extent. To break the existing, its analysis of social intervention is biased towards either the eastern or western aesthetic standpoint. Based on the China’s social situation and the development of contemporary art, this study believes that the characteristics of social participation projects implemented in China need to be found from the main "Experimental Certification" issue of Chinese contemporary art and the consciousness of returning to "Local Contemporary". In China, artistic creation serves the national narrative and the mainstream social ideology, while artists respond to the consciousness of farmers and export a large number of images of farmers. Meanwhile, for individual artists, rural space and farmer participation are of unique significance unique significance for socially engaged Art projects. Therefore, based on the works led by rural community and peasant participation, this study analyzes the general direction of socially engaged art in China from the perspective of the dialogue relationship constructed by artists to connect works with society. It then analyzes art projects carried out in rural areas from the late 1990s to the early 2000s to explore artists' insights. It explores the reasons for their emphasis on the participation of farmers in art projects, so as to surround urban experiences with peasant experiences in art galleries. It interprets this tendency to participate in art based on farmers' experience as demonstrating the "experimental" of works and returning to the "contemporary" of China. At present, socially engaged art in the countryside is still a hot topic in China. Even with the introduction of the policy of "Art Builds Beautiful Countryside", art enables rural revitalization has become an important research direction under the relevant social background. Similarly, in the face of internationalized contemporary art,  contemporaneity issues of modern art are gradually turning to the discussion of detailed issues. Based on the background of Chinese society from the 1940s to the same period, it is of certain research value to comprehensively consider the special functions of socially engaged art in China. From the analytical perspective of the relationship between art and society, this study also provides a new perspective to understand the unique particularity of China's socially engaged art. 본 논문의 목적은 2000년대 초, 농촌 지역을 중심으로 실행된 중국의 사회관여적 미술프로젝트의 사례 분석을 통해 중국 사회관여적 미술프로젝트의 고유한 양가적 특징을 논증하는 것이다. 나아가 연구자는 중국 사회와 예술의 관계로 다시 돌아가 많은 중국 예술가들이 농민들의 미학에 적극적으로 관심을 기울여 농촌 사회에서 예술 활동이 개입된 사회적 이유와 개인적 이유를 찾으려고 하였다. 과거의 중국 사회관여적 미술에 관한 연구에는 흔히 관계 미학 이론을 주도로 개입의 공공성을 논증하거나 공민 운동의 전위성으로 사회관여적 미술을 분석하는 관점이 존재하였다. 그리고 이러한 서구 미학이 주도하는 분석에 반대하여 이 시점에서는 동시기의 사회관여적 미술 활동이 어떻게 중국적 미학에 부합하였는지를 분석하고 중국의 사회현실과 예술개입의 연관성을 강조하였다. 그리고 사회관여적 미술프로젝트는 사회 문제에 대한 간섭과 예술 프로젝트로서의 미학적 고려가 함께 포함되어 있어 서로 대립되는 이 두 가지 견해는 모두 어느 정도의 합리성을 가지고 있다. 그리하여 본 논문에서 연구자의 목적은 기존의 사회관여적 미술프로젝트에 대한 분석에서 동서 미학의 어느 한쪽의 입장만을 편향시키는 상황을 타파하려고 한다. 나아가 본 연구는 중국 사회의 상황과 현대 예술의 발전 과정에 기초하여 중국에서 실행되는 사회관여적 미술프로젝트의 특징은 중국 현대 예술의 가장 중요한 ‘실험적 인증’ 주제와 본토의 ‘당대성’으로 회귀한다는 각성에서 찾아야 한다고 생각한다. 특히 중국에서의 예술가들의 예술 창작활동은 정부 정책의 영향을 받아 국가 서사, 사회 주류 이데올로기를 위해 봉사해야 한다는 의식이 존재하였기에 예술가들은 창작과정에서 농민 집단의 의식에 반향을 일으켜 수많은 농민의 이미지를 수출해왔다. 농촌 공간과 농민의 참여는 예술이 사회에 관여하는 프로젝트라는 점에서 예술가 개인에게 있어 독특한 의미를 지니게 된다. 그리하여 본 연구는 농촌공동체와 농민의 참여가 주도하는 작품을 바탕으로 예술가들이 작품과 사회를 연결하기 위해 구축한 대화 관계에서 시작하여 중국 사회관여적 미술의 큰 방향을 분석한 것이 논문의 목표이다. 그리고 본 연구는 1990년대 말부터 2000년대 초까지 농촌에서 실행된 예술 프로젝트를 분석하고 예술가들의 견해를 조명할 것이다. 무엇 때문에 예술가들은 농민들의 예술 프로젝트 참여를 더 강조하고 미술관에서 농민들의 경험으로 도시 경험을 둘러쌓아야 하는가 하는 이유에 관해 설명할 것이다. 그리고 이러한 농민을 기반으로 하는 경향을 작품의 ‘실험성’과 중국적 ‘당대성’으로의 회귀라는 두 가지 목적을 논증하기 위한 것으로 해석할 것이다. 현 단계에서 예술에 농촌 개입은 여전히 뜨거운 이슈이다. 심지어 ‘예술에 의한 아름다운 농촌 건설’ 등과 같은 정책이 발표되면서 ‘농촌진흥(乡村振兴)’의 사회적 배경 아래 예술이 어떻게 농촌진흥을 위한 기능을 실행할 수 있는가가 중요한 연구 방향이 되었다. 마찬가지로, 국제화를 향한 현대 예술의 동시대적 의제도 점점 더 세분화된 문제에 대한 논의 방향으로 전향되고 있다. 본 논문은 1940년대부터 동시기에 이르는 중국 사회의 큰 배경을 바탕으로 사회관여적 미술이 중국 본토에서 어떤 특별한 기능을 발휘하고 있는지를 종합적으로 고려할 수 있어 일정한 연구 가치가 있다고 생각한다. 동시에 본 논문은 예술과 사회관계에 대한 분석에서 중국 사회관여적 미술만의 독특한 특수성을 이해하는 새로운 시각을 제공할 것이다.