PHOTOGRAPHY AND CONTEMPORARY SPANISH THEATER : KALEIDOSCOPIC MODES OF DRAMATIC REPRESENTATION

HODGE, POLLY JANE University of California 1995 해외박사

Settlement dispersal, economic disintensification, and human health at Moundville (Alabama)

Hodge, Shannon Chappell Tulane University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

This research proposes a model of economic disintensification, applied to the Mississippi period chiefdom of Moundville, in Alabama. I hypothesized the post-A.D. 1300 population dispersal from Moundville to outlying sites would have resulted in economic disintensification. To evaluate this model, I proposed subsistence, settlement pattern, and health correlates of disintensification, and tested these correlates against data from the Moundville site. I reviewed the existing literature on Moundville subsistence, and found that the published data were insufficient for determining if disintensification had occurred. Next, I performed a settlement pattern analysis of the number, mean size, distribution and density of Moundville phase sites, and found that although population dispersal occurred, there was no firm evidence of disintensification. I also collected primary demographic and paleopathological data from Moundville phase human skeletal remains, and made a diachronic comparison of skeletal samples before and after population dispersal, to see if there were any differences in health or nutrition that would signal disintensification. I found no statistically significant differences in rates of disease, trauma, degenerative joint disease, dental pathology or dental wear between pre-dispersal and post-dispersal populations, indicating that disintensification did not take place. The model of disintensification is upheld, and most of the archaeological correlates I proposed for disintensification are valid tests of the model. However, disintensification did not occur within the Moundville chiefdom. Instead, Moundville and the outlying communities in the chiefdom appear to have maintained close ties, and continued to act as a single entity in terms of subsistence and social connections, thereby leaving open the vectors of disease at consistent low levels throughout the Moundville era. I believe this low-level exposure partially accounts for the lack of clear distinctions in health between the subphases. Overall, people appear to have maintained good health and an adequate diet across time, regardless of population movements and political change. The dispersal of Moundville's population after A.D. 1300 in no way represents "the beginning of the end" of the chiefdom, but rather an organizational improvement that maintained the social and salutary status quo to the benefit of outlying communities and the residents of Moundville alike.

School leadership in Belize: The interrelationships of context, cognitive frames, and leader characteristics

Hodge, Emilia Mahmud University of Florida 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

This study investigated the cognitive frames of school leaders in Belize. The theoretical framework used to guide the study was defined and developed by Bolman and Deal's (1997) four-frame typology. These four leadership perspectives were the Structural, Human Resource, Political, and Symbolic frames. The study also investigated the influence of contextual factors (school location, school management, and school size); and leader characteristics (age, gender, ethnicity, years of experience as principal, and academic qualification) on principals' cognitive frame use. The study addressed two overarching questions: What are the leadership perspectives (cognitive frames) of Belizean school administrators? What influence do contextual and leader characteristics exert on their cognitive frames?. Of the 192 <italic>Leadership Orientations</italic> (<italic>Self</italic>) <italic> Survey</italic> distributed to the population of principals of government primary schools, Catholic primary schools, and high schools, 74% (143) were returned. Principals of government primary schools completed 29% of the returned instruments, 53% were returned by principals of Catholic primary schools, and 18% by high school principals. In addition, 14 principals participated in focus group discussions, the data from which were used to complement the quantitative findings in a mixed method design. Demographics regarding school location, school size, and ethnicity were reflections of demographics in the larger population in Belize. Despite school level, type, and location, the pattern of frame use (Human Resource, Structural, Symbolic, and Political, in that order) was the same for the study participants. Over 50% of the principals used three or more frames frequently. Frame use implied that Belizean principals were effective school managers. Regression analysis results suggested that factors other than those investigated in this study may account for principals' cognitive frame use. The findings have implications for professional development of school leaders, particularly with regard to use of the Political frame. Results also underscored the need for further studies on the influence of school size on school leaders' performance, the management-school leader relationship, and the disparities in educational attainment in urban and rural settings. All these factors have implications for developing and implementing functional education policies that reflect the multicultural nature of Belize.

Analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Sic1

Hodge, Amy Elizabeth Yale University 1999 해외박사(DDOD)

The <italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</italic> cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Sic1 prevents premature initiation of S phase by binding to and inhibiting the activity of Clb•Cdc28 kinase complexes. Through deletion analysis this work has identified the C-terminal 70 amino acids of Sic1 to be necessary and sufficient for in vivo inhibitory activity. In addition, mutagenesis was used to show that simultaneous mutation of R261 and L263 abolished in vivo inhibition of both the full-length protein and the minimal inhibitory fragment. These two residues fall within a motif that is conserved near the N-termini of inhibitors that bind to the mammalian cclinA•Cdk2 complexes. Alignment of Sic1 with its functional homolog from <italic>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</italic> Rum1 shows no conservation of this particular sequence but rather of another more degenerate form of the motif found at the C-termini of cyclinA•Cdk2 substrates. It is proposed that Sic1 inhibits Clb•Cdc28 kinase complexes by binding in a manner similar to that of cyclinA•Cdk2 substrates. A specific cleavage event within the minimal inhibitory fragment of Sic1 has also been identified in this work, but the in vivo significance, if any, of this cleavage is unknown. In vitro kinase assays were performed to attempt to corroborate the in vivo data with a quantitative analysis but were inconclusive.

The Search for Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of Black Hole Binary Systems in Data from the LIGO and Virgo Detectors Or: A Dark Walk through a Random Forest

Hodge, Kari Alison California Institute of Technology 2014 해외박사(DDOD)

The LIGO and Virgo gravitational-wave observatories are complex and extremely sensitive strain detectors that can be used to search for a wide variety of gravitational waves from astrophysical and cosmological sources. In this thesis, I motivate the search for the gravitational wave signals from coalescing black hole binary systems with total mass between 25 and 100 solar masses. The mechanisms for formation of such systems are not well-understood, and we do not have many observational constraints on the parameters that guide the formation scenarios. Detection of gravitational waves from such systems---or, in the absence of detection, the tightening of upper limits on the rate of such coalescences---will provide valuable information that can inform the astrophysics of the formation of these systems. I review the search for these systems and place upper limits on the rate of black hole binary coalescences with total mass between 25 and 100 solar masses. I then show how the sensitivity of this search can be improved by up to 40% by the the application of the multivariate statistical classifier known as a random forest of bagged decision trees to more effectively discriminate between signal and non-Gaussian instrumental noise. I also discuss the use of this classifier in the search for the ringdown signal from the merger of two black holes with total mass between 50 and 450 solar masses and present upper limits. I also apply multivariate statistical classifiers to the problem of quantifying the non-Gaussianity of LIGO data. Despite these improvements, no gravitational-wave signals have been detected in LIGO data so far. However, the use of multivariate statistical classification can significantly improve the sensitivity of the Advanced LIGO detectors to such signals.

Processing and high temperature mechanical behavior of open-cell nickel-aluminide foams

Hodge, Andrea Maria Northwestern University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

Nickel-aluminide foams were synthesized from unalloyed nickel foams by using a two-step, high-activity pack-aluminizing process at 1273 and 1307 K. After processing, the nickel aluminide foams exhibited the same macro structure as the original nickel foams (open-cells with hollows struts). Single-phase NiAl foams, with average composition of 72 wt.% Ni (stoichiometry 68.5 wt.% Ni) and with 93–95% open porosity, were produced by first selecting the appropriate aluminizing time then annealing to homogenize the structure. Nickel wires and tubes were also aluminized at 1273 K and homogenized for various times to further investigate the aluminizing kinetics and the creation of Kirkendall pores. NiAl foams with two different relative densities and cell size, 5.0 and 6.6% (20 and 30 pores per linear inch (ppi), respectively) were tested under compression creep conditions for temperatures ranging from 1073 to 1373K, and stresses ranging from 0.1 to 1.5 MPa. For stresses lower than 0.5 MPa the foams exhibit primary and secondary creep with power-law behavior, while at higher stresses power law breakdown was evident. In the former range, the creep exponent and the activation energy of the foams are 3.5 ± 0.33 and 200 ± 21 kJ/mole as calculated by linear regression of all data. These values are in good agreement with values reported for bulk nickel-rich NiAl. A Finite Element model (FEM) of an idealized cell was implemented for two different geometric cell models with solid struts and 10.7, 5.5 or 5.0% relative density, and hollow struts with 5.5 or 5.0% relative density. The FEM results show reasonable agreement with the experimental data (20 ppi foams, 5.0–5.4% relative density), with a predicted minimum strain rate slower by a factor of 2.4. The Ashby Gibson analytical model predicts values of minimum strain rate up to 150 times faster than those of the experimental data. Based on the FEM results, a very simple analytical model is proposed, whereby struts in the vertical direction are in pure compression and the horizontal struts are only there to prevent buckling. This model produced results that fall close to the FEM predictions and could be used as an initial order-of-magnitude estimate for future tests in similar foams.

Colonization of the Cuban body: Nationalism, economy, and masculinity of male sex work in Havana

Hodge, G. Derrick City University of New York 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

Survival of the extreme economic austerity of the Special Period---both national and personal---has required a dramatic bending of social, cultural, and political norms established during the first forty years of the Revolution. The turn to capitalism and tourism has a produced new groups of street hustlers and sex workers who call themselves pingueros. The pingueros and their bodies are sites at which converge four potentially contradictory processes: traditional Cuban masculinity, revolutionary nationalism, the exigencies of material survival, and the global capitalist imperative to consume. Personal desire is interactive with the collective processes of economy, politics, culture, and nation-building; the pingueros' desires (both sexual and material) are being configured according to the needs of the new capitalist market, but the youth are also faithful repositories of both Cuban masculinity and revolutionary citizenship. Though the state criminalizes the pingueros, they are nonetheless faithful reproducers of revolutionary ideology in terms of gender norms and expectations of economic justice. But since the youth revere designer clothing and look to consumer capitalism as their salvation from poverty, they are global capitalist consumers as much as they are revolutionary citizens. This dual location---as both reproducers of (socialist) revolutionary values and as criminalized youth who enthusiastically proclaim the triumph of capitalism---is a window into the social and cultural effects of both capitalism and (post)socialism. Ultimately, Cuba is being recolonized through the aggressive introduction of a new imperative to consume. The introduction of capitalism has saved the Cuban economy, but it has also had the consequence of transforming perceptions of need among the youth. This implantation of capitalist cultural forms is at end more powerful and longer-lasting than any particular regime. The Revolutionary government still enjoys considerable legitimacy, but the lure of consumption is powerful, and this may well become the ultimate triumph of a global capitalism over the Revolution. The children and grandchildren of the 1960--62 emigrants never got the military invasion for which they still so vehemently lobby, but the lure of things may well erode the values of fairness, justice, and equality for which the Revolution fought.

Mental accounting and subsequent purchases: Consumer responses to price surprises

Hodge, Sharon K The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

This research investigates how aspects of initial purchasing decisions affect subsequent purchasing decisions. Most past research has focused on single purchases—typically the selection of a single alternative from some choice set. In contrast, this dissertation focuses on how consumers' responses to savings and losses on an initial purchase impact spending decisions for a subsequent purchase. It specifically examines how these responses are moderated by: (1) consumer control, (2) product relatedness, and (3) savings magnitude. Four experimental studies address these issues. Study 1 examined whether consumers respond asymmetrically to savings and losses when spending on a subsequent purchase. Subjects responded asymmetrically, but not significantly in one direction or the other. Qualitative data revealed the directionality of consumers' responses was largely a function whether the buyer was quality-driven, savings-driven, or “product interest”-driven. Study 2 examined how consumer control affects subsequent purchasing decisions for savings and losses. Subjects were more responsive to savings from sources outside their control, but more sensitive to losses inside their control. Qualitative data for savings suggest buyers have already allocated an amount to spend before they shop to a mental “spend account,” facilitating transfer of unanticipated savings to subsequent purchases. For losses inside their control, buyers are likely to pay a price in terms of quality or consumption to atone for their mistake. When losses are outside their control, buyers are less likely to feel a responsibility toward reducing subsequent spending. Study 3 examined savings under different degrees of product relatedness. Subjects spent more of a savings on a subsequent purchase when that purchase was related to the initial purchase. Qualitative data suggest savings for related products tend to be viewed in the same mental budget, facilitating transfer of savings on one purchase to subsequent spending on the other. Study 4 examined different levels of savings magnitude on subsequent purchasing decisions. Subjects spent proportionally more of a savings on a subsequent purchase when the savings was of small rather than large magnitude. Qualitative data suggest small savings are more available to “spend now,” while portions of large savings are stored as “assets” for future use.

Expatriate modernisms: Border crossing in the 1920s

Hodge, Deckard Francis University of California, Riverside 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

Expatriate Modernisms: Border Crossing in the 1920s focuses on some of the ways Ernest Hemingway, Hart Crane, Nella Larsen, Gertrude Stein, F. Scott Fitzgerald, James Joyce, and Sadakichi Hartmann reveal borderlands as rhizomatic sites of potential, as places where possibility is created rather than limited. This project examines how Hemingway's In Our Time blurs distinctions between genres, genders, and fates; how Crane's The Bridge offers a postmodern notion of history and time, erasing boundaries of difference between past and present; how Larsen's Quicksand highlights the contingency and social-constructedness of race; and how some of the works by Stein, Fitzgerald, Joyce, and Hartmann (Stein's Tender Buttons and "Composition as Explanation," Fitzgerald's 1920s novels: This Side of Paradise, The Beautiful and Damned, and The Great Gatsby, Joyce's "Oxen of the Sun" episode in Ulysses, and Hartmann's newly-anthologized poems) share an emphasis on simultaneous presence and absence. By proposing ways in which all of these texts traditionally regarded as "high modern" might be read as participants in today's burgeoning discourse on borderlands, I suggest rich possibilities for rereading not only these works, but also others from the modernist period.

Continuum Modeling and Finite Element Analysis of Cell Motility

Hodge, Neil Eugene University of California, Berkeley 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

Cell motility, and in particular crawling, is a complex process, with many as yet unknown details (e.g., sources of viscosity in the cell, precise structure of focal adhesions). However, various models of the motility of cells are emerging. These models concentrate on different aspects of cellular behavior, from the motion of a single cell itself, to -taxis behaviors, to population models. Models of single cells seem to vary significantly in their intended scope and the level of detail included. Most single cells are far too large and complex to be globally amenable to fine-scale modeling. At the same time, cells are subject to external and internal influences that are connected to their fine-scale structure. This work presents a continuum model, including the use of a continuum theory of surface growth, that will predict the crawling motion of the cell, with consideration made for the appropriate fine-scale dependencies. This research addresses several modeling aspects. At the continuum level, the relationships between force and displacement in the bulk of the cell are modeled using the balance laws developed in continuum mechanics. Allowances are made for the treatment of and interaction between multiple protein species, as well as for the addition of various terms into the balance laws ( e.g., stresses generated by protein interactions). Various assumptions regarding the nature of cell crawling itself and its modeling are discussed. For instance, the extension of the lamellipod/detachment of the cell is viewed as a growth/resorption process. The model is derived without reference to dimensionality. The second component of the presentation concerns the numerical implementation of the cell motility model. This is accomplished using finite elements, with special features (i.e., ALE, discontinuous elements) being used to handle certain stages of the motility. In particular, the growth assumption used to model the crawling motility is represented using ALE, while the strong discontinuities that arise out of the growth model are represented using the discontinuous elements. Results from representative finite element simulations are shown to illustrate the modeling capabilities.