Improving Letter Recognition and Reading in Peripheral Vision: Sensory and Cognitive Constraints

He, Yingchen ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Minn 2017 해외박사(DDOD)

Reading is an important daily task, but it is very difficult for people who have lost their central vision, because they must use peripheral vision to read. One hypothesis for slow reading speed in peripheral vision is the shrinkage of the visual span, which is the number of identifiable letters within a glimpse. Previous studies have shown that perceptual training tasks of letter recognition can enlarge peripheral visual span, as well as improving peripheral reading speed by 40% or more. This thesis focuses on sensory and cognitive factors that facilitate or limit the training-related improvements, with an ultimate goal of developing rehabilitation protocols for people with central-field loss. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the thesis. Chapter 2 demonstrates that there are common constraints limiting the size of the visual span across languages (Korean and English), and that extensive training of reading Korean characters using peripheral vision enlarges Korean visual span as well as English visual span. This transfer of training suggests a pre-symbolic nature of the visual span, and a strong potential for training benefits to generalize to untrained scripts. Chapter 3 discusses visual crowding, the inability to recognize objects in clutter, which is proposed to be the major sensory factor limiting the size of the visual span and reading. The results lead to the conclusion that reducing the impact of crowding can enlarge the visual span and can potentially facilitate reading, but not when adverse attentional bias is introduced, for example directing attention to one specific, small area in the visual field. By dissociating the influence of sensory and attentional factors, the link between crowding, visual span and reading was clarified. Finally, Chapter 4 reports on a study where the training was implemented in a word-guessing video game. The game training successfully enlarged the visual span and improved reading speed. Embedding the training in a game enhanced the enjoyment of the training and can temporarily boost letter-recognition performance during the game, but the quality of the training was not altered compared with similar training without the game. Together, the studies presented in this thesis not only speak to the theoretical basis for the training-related changes, but also provide practical guidance for designing potential reading rehabilitation protocols for people with central-field-loss.

Modellierung und Messung optischer Eigenschaften von Cirren

Heβ, Michael 1996 국내박사

Child's empathy and social problem-solving affecting bystander's defending behaviors against bullying mediated through peer acceptance

김희숙 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2016 국내박사

본 연구는 초등학생의 정서적 공감과 사회적 문제 해결 능력이 또래수용을 통해 또래괴롭힘 상황에서 방어 행동에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구 대상은 서울시 마포구, 용산구, 강북구 및 경기도 부천시에 위치한 6개의 국립 초등학교에 재학 중인 4, 5 학년 386명의 학생(남녀 각 193명)으로 평균 연령은 10.4세이었다(연령 범위 9-12세). 아동의 정서적 공감 능력은 자기평정과 교사평정 척도를 사용하였으며, 아동의 또래 수용인식은 자기평정 척도를 사용하여 측정하였다. 사회적 문제해결 능력은 주어진 갈등 상황에 대하여 아동이 작성한 문제해결방안을 분석하여 측정하였다. 방어 행동은 각 반별로 또래 지명법을 사용하여 측정하였다. 자료를 분석하기 위해 SPSS 21.0와 Mplus 6.12을 사용하여, 분포의 왜도와 첨도, 변인의 평균과 표준편차, Pearson의 적률상관계수를 산출하였고, 경로분석 및 구조방정식 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 초등학생의 정서적 공감능력, 사회적 문제 해결 능력, 아동이 지각한 또래 수용이 방어행동에 미치는 영향에 대한 개념적 연구 모형을 검증한 결과, 그 경로는 아동의 정서적 공감능력의 평정 방법과 사회적 문제 해결 능력에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 첫째, 교사가 평정한 아동의 정서적 공감 능력은 방어행동에 직접적으로 정적 영향을 미쳤으나, 간접적으로는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이는 교사가 정서적 공감 능력이 높다고 지각하는 아동은 방어행동을 많이 한다고 할 수 있다. 둘째, 아동의 사회적 문제 해결 능력은 방어행동에 직·간접적으로 정적 영향력을 나타냈다. 사회적 문제 해결능력을 하위영역별로 살펴보았을 때, 시간개념의 활용 정도는 방어행동에 직접적인 정적 영향을 주었고, 다양한 문제해결방법의 활용은 아동이 지각한 또래 수용을 통해서만 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 사회적 문제상황에 대처하는 방법을 계획하고, 그 실행 시점을 기다릴 수 있는 아동은 자신이 또래와 원만한 관계를 맺을 수 있다고 지각함을 의미한다. 또한 아동의 이러한 지각은 방어행동의 정도를 예측한다고 볼 수 있다. 종합하면, 교사에 의해 정서적으로 공감도가 높다고 평정되고 사회적 문제를 해결하는 사회인지적 기술이 높은 아동은 학급에서 발생하는 또래 괴롭힘 상황에서 방어행동을 더 많이 한다고 할 수 있다. 이 연구결과는 또래 괴롭힘 상황에서 피해자를 방어하는데 도움이 되는 사회인지적 능력을 증진시켜 줄 수 있는 중재 프로그램을 개발하는데 있어 실증적인 자료를 제공한다. The current study examined the direct and indirect effects of children’s emotional empathy and social problem solving skills on their defending behaviors, mediated through their perceived peer acceptance. The participants of this study consisted of 386 children. They consisted of 196 fourth (101 boys and 95 girls) and 190 fifth (92 boys and 98 girls) graders who attended one of six elementary schools located in Seoul and KyungKi province. The mean age of students was 10.4 years (ranged 9-12, SD = .61). Children’s empathy was measured by self- and teacher-rated questionnaires, and perceived peer acceptance was measured by a self-rated questionnaire. Social problem solving skills were assessed using children’s composition on problem solving process in socially problematic situations. Defending behaviors were assessed by peer nominations in class. For data analysis, the skewness and kurtoses of distributions, means, Pearson’s correlations, path, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analyses were conducted using SPSS 21.0 and Mplus 6.12. The main findings of this study were as follows: The current study confirmed a conceptual research model in which children’s empathy (self- and teacher-reported), social problems solving skills (means, time, and obstacles), and perceived peer acceptance impacting bystander defending behaviors. First, the teacher-rated child’s empathy significantly affected his/her defending behaviors on a direct path. However, it had no significant mediation effect on the defending behaviors. That is, the more the teacher rated the child to be emotionally empathetic, the more the child demonstrated defending behaviors. Second, child’s social problem solving had significantly direct and marginally significant, indirect effects on defending behaviors. When the effects of sub-areas of social problem solving were examined, the ability to plan systematic solutions in consideration of timing for actions significantly and directly affected defending behaviors whereas the ability to think of various means had a marginally significant indirect or partial mediation effect on defending behaviors through self-perceived peer acceptance. The more the child generates alternative means to solve social problems encountered in class, the more he/she is confident about being accepted by peers and, subsequently, the more he/she performs defending behaviors. In conclusion, children who are observed to be emotionally empathetic by teachers and have socio-cognitive skills to solve interpersonal problems are likely to stand-by, seek for help from others, and confront the bully for the bullied peer in class. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the future intervention designed to enhance children’s emotional and socio-cognitive competency needed for defending in school-bullying situations.

Does the Italic font in promotional displays facilitate consumers’ intertemporal choice?

하탁립 한양대학교 대학원 2023 국내석사

Intertemporal selection is an issue that has been studied in multiple disciplines. Little previous literature has examined the effect of font style on intertemporal choice. I believe that studying the effect of font style on intertemporal choice in advertising, within the context of marketing, can better enable marketers to make appropriate marketing advertisements and achieve better marketing results. I argue that the use of italic fonts in time-limited promotional advertisements can make consumers perceive that the time for Larger-Later rewards passes faster and thus be more willing to consider Larger-Later rewards in their intertemporal choices. And time duration as a mediating variable can mediate the effect of italic fonts on intertemporal choice.

Investigating the Processing of Faces from Different Races and Artificially Created Minimal Groups using ERP and fMRI

He, Yi Yale University 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

In a series of six ERP and fMRI experiments, we investigated the time course, brain activation and functional connectivity changes in processing faces from different races and/or from different artificially created minimal groups (Tajfel, 1970). We found that the race of faces can be detected as early as ∼100 ms after face onset as reflected by greater occipito-temporal P100 to Black than White (same-race) faces (Experiments 1, 2, 4) and greater frontal N100 to White than Black faces (Experiments 2, 4). We observed Black-White differences in the frontal N200 (Experiments 1, 2, 4), which were associated with implicit racial associations (Experiment 1, He, Johnson, Dovidio, & McCarthy, 2009). In an fMRI study (Experiment 3, He, Johnson & McCarthy, under review), we observed greater occipital face area (OFA) activation to Black than White (same-race) faces. The OFA activation difference and the occipito-temporal P100 difference may provide both localization and timing information for this race differentiation process. In Experiment 2 (He et al., under review) and 4 (He, Johnson & McCarthy, in prep1), removal of skin color differences or all physical differences between Black and White faces did not eliminate the differentiation of race in early face processing stages. Merely labeling racially ambiguous faces as Black or White was sufficient to create the same early ERP differences as using real Black and White faces (Experiment 4). In Experiment 5 (He, Johnson & McCarthy, in prep2), we observed early P100 and N100 differences in processing faces of artificially created ingroup and outgroup members. In Experiment 6 (He et al., in prep2) when both race and minimal group information were presented, the occipito-temporal P100 responded to race but not to minimal group, while the frontal N100 responded to minimal groups but not to race. Different types of group information may be processed in parallel ways without interacting, but only race information generated later ERP differences (e.g., frontal N200). Finally, we propose a neural model to explain the timing and the potential neural pathways in processing faces from different races/groups by integrating the findings from our ERP and fMRI studies.

A DISCIPLESHIP MODEL FOR THE FALAM CHIN MINISTYR IN MYANMAR : A DISCIPLESHIP MODEL FOR THE FALAM CHIN MINISTYR IN MYANMAR

SAN HE LUAI 장로회신학대학교 2013 국내석사

Abstract of “A Discipleship Model of the Falam Chin Ministry in Myanmar” by San He Luai Advisor: Chang Uk Byun Jesus Christ brought together his own mission from the Father with the mission that He gave the disciples (cf. Jn.20:21). He commanded his disciples to take the gospel to the whole world. He intended disciple making to be the continual responsibility of the whole church until Christ himself returns. It is important to understand that the Falam Chins have already celebrated Christian centenary in March 2009. Since the majority of the people in Myanmar are Buddhists, the Chins are supposed to live as witnesses of Jesus Christ to their neighbor Buddhists. Instead they are influenced by the corruption of the country. The Scriptures picture believers as biblically informed people whose lives are founded on the revealed truth. The reality is that the Falam Chins are biblically ignorant people whose lives are syncretistic comprise. This thesis proposes the way how the Falam Chin Christian ministers should disciple and bring the Falam Chins to spiritual maturity. The people need to know more about the biblical truth. The ministers are suggested to follow and adopt the discipleship methods of Jesus Christ and the apostle Paul. The aim of the discipleship model is to help people to be committed followers of Jesus Christ and be disciplers. Therefore, the twin disciplines of Bible reading and prayer have been recommended as the activities that should dominate the Falam Chins.

The impact of hotels' physical environment on consumers' perception and behavior : focusing on the Chinese consumers

He, He Paichai University 2007 국내석사

Study on the Influence of Students’ Perceptions of Service Quality on Student Loyalty in China’s Sino-Foreign Cooperative Education

Haizhen HE 우송대학교 일반대학원 2023 국내박사

(The) Impact of Boothscape on Unplanned Visit and Purchase Intention

HE KAI 경희대학교 대학원 2024 국내석사

The Impact of Boothscape on Unplanned Visit and Purchase Intention By HE KAI Master Degree of Convention and Exhibition Management Graduate School of Kyung Hee University Advised by Prof. Bong-Seok Kim For the successful trade show performance, boothscape is the very significant component. Understanding why visitor will visit the booth with unplanned situation is a specific marketing direction. And visitor’s intention to purchase while unplanned visiting. The main purpose of this study is to discuss how the impact of boothscape on visitor’s unplanned visit and purchase intention. And predict the unplanned visit and intention to purchase. Meanwhile, price discount and product quality is to measure if moderation effect can strengthen the relationship between unplanned visit and purchase intention. For this purpose, this study classified boothscape by the booth design, booth staff and booth experience. The research hypothesis was established by the literature review. The data were analyzed with SPSS 24.0 and SmartPLS 4.0. Through 350 effective samples, the results illustrated the booth design, booth staff and booth experience can significantly affect visitor’s unplanned visit, and unplanned visit has the important impact on visitor’s intention to purchase. In addition, product quality has the strong power to moderate the relationship between unplanned visit and purchase intention. Nevertheless, price discount has no significant moderation effect on between unplanned visit and purchase intention. Through the theoretical implications, this study identified a theoretical perspective, and discuss how boothscape factors can influence visitor’s unplanned visit through the logical and sequential process. Meanwhile, this study provided the new theoretical contribution to show the significant relationship between unplanned visit and purchase intention. Product quality is the significant moderation effect, it can be suggested as one important concept in marketing strategy and consumer communication strategy. The integrative model of this study can provide a new insight into theoretical perspective to better describe the unplanned visit behavior in the boothscape, and also can provide a better contribution to increase the applicability of product quality. The study findings have the significant managerial implications that developed a more comprehensive boothscape conceptual framework for firms. Also this study suggested company mangers can design several integrated marketing strategies to achieve their goals on visitors or consumer’ unplanned visits. It is real necessary to develop the comprehensive boothscape marketing strategy to stimulate more visitors to visit without plans and intentions to purchase. In addition, because product quality has the enhancement effect, companies should realize the roles of product quality at the trade shows. Therefore, This kind of result can contribute the new conceptual research framework for firm and exhibitor to structure a comprehensive boothscape, and the future marketing strategy which focuses on unplanned visit. Key words Boothscape, Trade Show, Visitor, Unplanned Visit, Purchase Intention, Price Discount, Product Quality

Place Representation through Souvenir Production and Consumption

He, Linsi He ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Arizona State Univ 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

Mass-produced souvenirs are generally neglected, and are associated with negative attitudes in existing tourism research. However, sporadic studies showed that tourists sometimes prefer the ‘less authentic’ souvenirs compared with the more ‘authentic’ ones. Besides, despite the seemingly strong desire for ‘authentic’ souvenirs, so-called ‘inauthentic’ souvenirs seem to dominate the market. Finally, cultural and creative products (CC products), which have grown in popularity in China in recent years, are generally mass-produced. These phenomena suggest that it is imperative to better understand souvenirs, especially mass-produced ones, because they have long been ignored by tourism scholars. This study aims to better understand CC products from a new perspective based on the relationship between product and place drawn from various literatures. Specifically, the objectives/research questions of this study include 1) How to understand souvenirs to re-situate the CC product?; 2) How do suppliers’ perceive CC products with regard to place?; and 3) How do tourists perceive CC products with regard to place. To answer these questions, qualitative data from participant observations and in-depth interviews were employed. The results of this study are as follows. First, a new typology of souvenirs is generated by employing the perspective of the relationship between place and products generated based on a framework of territorialization, deterritorialization, and reterritorialization. It includes localized, customized, and generic souvenirs, with CC products constituting part of the range of customized souvenirs. Most interviewees, suppliers (producers and museum sellers) and tourists (consumers), emphasized the importance of place representation in souvenirs for various reasons. Next, interviewees from souvenir production companies and visitors tend to favor souvenirs designed after famous artifacts, although this might contradict museum employees’ views. Most interviewees, both suppliers and tourists, tend to hold generally positive (at least neutral) attitudes toward online souvenir stores. Finally, most suppliers and tourists somehow revealed the dialectical process in globalization marked by various characteristics: homogenization/similarity – uniqueness represented in CC products. And the dilemma between “reproducible innovation (creativity)” and uniqueness seeking within souvenir production and consumption is well represented in this study. This study makes several unique contributions, both theoretically and practically.