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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Chinnery, Debra Foster (검색결과 2 건)
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Chinnery, Debra Foster The George Washington University 2003 해외박사(DDOD)
The purpose of this study is to determine if the extent to which equal opportunities provided to eligible students with disabilities by colleges and universities has improved over the last eighteen to twenty years. The original study revealed that four-year colleges and universities in many service areas provided better opportunities to eligible students with disabilities than most public 2-year colleges and universities. The results of that study revealed that colleges and universities nationwide were adhering to Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Whereas ramps, elevators, and parking spaces were among the most visible gains for the students with disabilities, the treatment and enforcement of those laws in colleges and universities in the United States have been multifaceted. This researcher again investigates if the provisions for all reasonable accommodations and services have been made by 2- and 4-year colleges and universities in the United States receiving federal funding. The following questions were asked: (1) What academic program modifications have been made to accommodate the needs of students with disabilities for program accessibility? (2) What auxiliary aids have been provided or increased to assure total program accessibility? (3) What changes have been made to make programs physically accessible to students with disabilities?. The approach for this study was a descriptive survey design. The frame of reference for the research was based on Gary S. Becker's human capital theory. Dr. George W. Davis, author of the original research in 1983, designed the questionnaire used in this research. The methodology was a tailored mixed-method design, whereby traditional methods were combined with technology innovations and the information superhighway. The questionnaire was placed at a web site with a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) address. A four-digit identification code (ID) was assigned to each college and university chosen to participate in this study. After the consent form was electronically signed by participants and returned electronically to the investigator, a four-digit ID code and the web address were electronically sent to all Directors/Coordinators or Administrators of students with disabilities programs at the prospective institutions. The sample of 314 colleges and universities were 2- and 4-year institutions in the United States participating in federal financial aid programs. Results revealed to the investigator the need for continued evaluation of administrative policies, documentation, curriculum development and student service programs in post-secondary institutions regarding the adherence to laws governing students with disabilities. An evaluation of equal opportunities in federal funded institutions in the United States is also needed.
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Morphometric analysis of evolution and growth in the ceratopsian postcranial skeleton
Chinnery, Brenda Joan The Johns Hopkins University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)
The cranial anatomy of ceratopsian (“horned”) dinosaurs is well understood, but the postcranial skeleton has been largely ignored in previous studies of phylogeny and growth. This project applies a variety of morphometric techniques to the study of the ceratopsian girdle and limb elements, in order to document changes within a phylogenetic context through evolution and growth of these elements. In order to study differences in shape of the ceratopsian postcranial elements and to compare evolutionary and developmental patterns, multivariate (Principal Component Analysis) and bivariate methods were used to analyze linear measurement data, and the shape methods Resistant-Fit Theta-Rho Analysis (RFTRA), Least-Squares Theta-Rho Analysis (LSTRA), and Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis (EDMA) were applied to biological landmark data. Results of the analyses show that in this group of dinosaurs, size is the primary change through evolution of the skeleton. Elements increased through evolution with positive allometry, and increasing structural support is evident, especially in the radius and fibula. Phylogenetically, the ceratopsian postcrania agree with the skull material included in recent cladistic analyses. <italic>Psittacosaurus</italic> elements are in many ways derived relative to those of non-ceratopsid neoceratopsians, and evidence suggests that <italic>Psittacosaurus</italic> was bipedal, while non-ceratopsid neoceratopsians were not, except maybe for <italic>Udanoceratops </italic>. With increasing body size, neoceratopsian limbs bowed laterally. Results of the growth analyses show that although ontogeny does not recapitulate phylogeny in this clade, growth trends are nearly identical to evolutionary trends in the elements studied. Heterochronic trends are exhibited in the ceratopsian postcranial skeleton, primarily as peramorphosis. <italic>Avaceratops </italic> is determined to be a valid taxon based on differences in the postcranial skeleton, but <italic>Brachyceratops</italic> is most likely a juvenile form of another taxon. The variety of methods allows for unbiased interpretation of results, provide more information than any one method, and provide controls for each other. However, sample sizes, especially for the growth analyses, are not ideal, and all results should be treated with caution at this time.
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