事業場廢棄物 管理의 實態와 改善方案 : 蔚山廣域市 蔚州郡의 廢棄物 排出業所를 中心으로

전홍억 蔚山大學校 政策大學院 2002 국내석사

본 연구는 울산광역시 울주군에 소재 하는 사업장폐기물 배출업체를 중심으로 폐기물관리의 효율성과 합리성을 제고하는 방안을 강구하기 위하여 폐기물관리법상의 문제점과, 환경규제(지도·점검)의 문제점을 고찰하고 개선방안을 설문조사를 통하여 비교·분석하였다. 이를 통해 적용 가능한 부분을 도입함으로써 폐기물관리가 정착된 기업은 폐기물자율관리로 전환하고 정기점검을 지양하도록 제안했다. 그리고 기업체내 폐기물전담 관리자가 없는 소량폐기물배출업체는 중점관리 대상으로 설정하여, 효율적인 폐기물 관리방안을 강구하고자 하였다. 지방환경관리청과 지방자치단체간 업무분담은 폐기물관리의 중복 지도·점검을 통해 기업체에 불편을 초래 할 뿐 아니라 기업의 국제경쟁력에도 지장을 주며, 행정력 또한 낭비되고 있다. 그리고 사법기관(검찰, 경찰, 해양경찰등)에서도 폐기물 지도·점검을 함으로써 법규의 과잉해석 등으로 기업활동에 부담을 주고 있음이 설문조사를 통해 제기되었다. 폐기물을 다량으로 배출하는 기업체는 전문인력인 환경관리인을 고용하고 있는데, 일부기관의 적발위주의 점검으로 인해 기업체로부터 불신감이 야기되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 사업장일반폐기물 관련 지도·점검권한은 울주군에 있다. 그러나 설문조사결과 지방환경관리청, 울산광역시청, 울산지방검찰청, 울산지방경찰청, 울산해양경찰서 등 여러 기관에서 유사업무를 중복 점검함으로써 행정력 낭비는 물론 반복점검으로 인한 문제점이 나타나고 있다. 이제는 기업들이 국제적 경쟁력을 제고하기 위해서 환경을 등한시 할 수 없는 시대에 살고 있다. 폐기물을 불법으로 처리할시 사내 종업원들이 관계기관에 제보할 수도 있다고 기업주들이 생각하고 있기 때문에 불법적인 지시나 행위는 하지 않고 있으므로 환경규제의 관련법규는 과감히 개정·보완되어야 한다. 따라서 환경관리만을 전담하는 부서가 있는 기업체는 폐기물관리를 자율관리 하도록 기업체에 위임하고 각종 지도·점검도 통합하여 한 개의 기관에서 전체적으로 환경을 전담관리 해야 한다. 향후 폐기물관리에 중점을 두어야 할 곳은 환경관리 전담자가 없는 소량폐기물 배출업체 즉 소규모제조업체, 의료기관, 자가소각시설보유업체, 세탁소, 경정비업소, 가내공업 형태의 선박 수리점, 농기구 수리점 등이며, 농어촌 생활폐기물 관리에 중점 지도·점검 및 계몽 강화가 바람직 할 것으로 사료된다. 울주군 관내 사업장폐기물 배출업소를 중심으로 폐기물관리의 효율성과 합리성을 제고하는 방안을 연구한 바, 다음과 같은 개선방안을 제시하였다. 첫째, 폐기물관련 지도·점검은 지방자치단체로 일원화하고 소량으로 폐기물을 배출하는 업소 등을 중점 관리토록 한다. 둘째, 새로이 제정되는 제도나 법령은 수용능력을 감안, 경과기간을 고시하는 사전예고제를 실시토록 권장되어야 하겠다. 셋째, 기업과 지방자치단체간 협약에 의한 자율적 폐기물관리 협약제를 운영함으로써 선진화된 자율환경정책으로 전환토록 한다. 넷째, 소량으로 폐기물을 배출하는 사업장은 폐기물관리교육, 일괄수거 처리 등을 위해 업종별 협회의 양성화가 요망된다. 다섯째, 소량폐기물배출업체 관리협의체를 구성하여 자율적 환경감시를 통해 환경오염사고를 예방하고, 일정요건을 갖춘 기술지도업체를 선정하여 행정 및 기술지도하도록 한다. 여섯째, 소량폐기물배출업체 관리협의체에서 소량폐기물 공동 수거의 날을 지정하여 공동처리하도록 한다. 일곱째, 자율적 폐기물관리 협약체결 또는 선정된 기술지도업체는 정기점검의 면제등 인센티브를 제공한다. 여덟째, 폐기물의 경제적 처리를 위한 ECO-21연구사업의 우선지원이 권장되어야 하겠다. 아홉째, 폐기물 모범관리 사례를 발굴하여 언론 및 인터넷에 공지토록 한다. In this study, in order to devise a proper measure for raising rationality and efficiency of waste control with centers round on industrial waste di­sposing companies, who are located in Ulju-gun of Ulsan metro-city, study the legal problems on Waste Control Act and the a procedural issues of environmental restriction (guidance & inspection). And analyze improvement measures comparatively by research data of questionnaire. By this, I sug­gested that the control for the companies, who have established wastes control system, should be switched to self regulating system and sublet regular administrative inspection by introducing applicable matters. In addition, I have intended to adopt some effective measures for wastes control by selecting as object of priority control for the smaller companies, who dispose a little waste and do not have personnel in charge of wastes control. Dividing up the business between local environmental management offices and local government brings about inconveniences to companies owing to duplicative guidance & inspection as well as interference with competitive power of companies on the world market. Furthermore, this is the squandering of the nation's resources on administration. Moreover the juridical authorities (such as prosecutors office polices, and maritime police) perform the guidance & inspection on wastes control for the companies. Therefore, that was a burden to the business activities of companies as well as causing troubles due to takeing a strict interpretation of the law and regulations. Though the companies, who dispose big quantity of wastes, hare enviro­nment engineers as technical expert in their employ, I have seen that exposure-oriented inspection by some environmental officials have made the companies complain Ulju-gun has authority to guide and inspect on industrial general wastes disposing concerned. However all competent aut­horities, such as the local environment management office, Ulsan city offi­cials, district public prosecutors office of Ulsan, district main police station of Ulsan, and Ulsan maritime police station, inspect duplicate on that similar businesses, and it raise some problems as well as it may waste the nation's resources on administration. Nowadays, companies get on with the time, which cannot disregard of environment to increase their competitive power on the world market. The representative of each company do not give an illegal order or take an illegal action because his employees may notify the illegal act to competent autho­rities when the wastes are disposed illegally. Therefore, related regulation on environmental restriction must be revised and supplemented resolutely. Accordingly, for a company, who has a department, which takes full charge of wastes control, we have to refer this business to each company in order to regulate wastes control by them. And authority has to be wholly charged for environmental restriction by integrating all administrative guidance and inspection. After this, we have to place great importance of wastes control on smaller wastes disposing companies, who dont have environment engineer as a technical expert in their employ, that is small-scale manufacturer, medical institutions, laundry, vehicle maintenance, as ship repair shop as a domestic factory and farming tool repair shop. In addition, it is desirable that admi­nistrative guidance, instruction and education should be placed great imp­ortance on the wastes control of subsistence wastes in farming and fishing village. As the result of studying to devise a proper measure for raising rationality and efficiency of waste control for centers round on industrial waste disp­osing companies within the jurisdiction of Ulju-gun, I suggest some impr­ovement action as follow. First, Unify the wastes concerned (administrative) guidance and inspection under the local government and place a great importance of control to the companies, who dispose wastes as small quantity. Second, For the newly established system or regulation, take accommodate capacity into consideration, the enforcement of previous notification system as notifying the progress is recommended. Third, By operating self-regulation agreement system for wastes control according to conclude an agreement with companies and local government, let the environmental policy should be turned over to advanced self-regulating system. Forth, Promotion for construction of association according to the type of business is recommended in order to education of wastes control, bulk co­llecting and disposal of wastes for the companies, who dispose wastes as small quantity. Fifth, By constructing association of the companies, who dispose wastes as small quantity, prevent the environmental accident/incident through the self-environment-monitoring. And by selecting some technical guiding co­mpanies, give administrative and technical guidance to them. Sixth, In addition, fix the joint collection for small quantity of wastes by the conference of the companies, who dispose wastes as small quantity and dispose the wastes jointly. Seventh, Provide incentives, such as exemption for regular inspection, to the companies of entered into agreement for self-regulating on wastes management or selected company play the part of the technical leader. Eighth, Priority support of ECO-21 research activities for economical wastes treatment must be recommended. Ninth, Finding an exemplary case on wastes control and known to public via the public opinion organization and Internet.