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現代人의 삶을 위한 實踐佛敎 硏究 : 初期佛敎를 中心으로
전순대 동국대학교 불교대학원 2009 국내석사
Buddhism is a complete religious practice with a purification process for human beings, and follows Dharma of being. The purpose of this thesis is to study the practice methods by which the lay Buddhist can become enlightened in daily life. In Buddhism, neither matter nor spirit exists as an independent entity; there is no 'self,' which is explained by the doctrine of Dependent Origination. This thought is represented as the five aggregates, the twelve loci, the eighteen realms and the Twelve Dependent Origination in the Agama Sutra, an early sutra. The explanation of the five aggregates emphasizes the spiritual and holistic aspects, while the concepts of the four elements and the twelve loci focus on material aspects. The concept of the eighteen realms deals with both the spiritual and the material aspects. According to the theory of Dependent Origination, human experience is a temporary combination of the impermanent five aggregates; the human body, mind and mouth crave food, rest, lust, property, and glory. To satisfy the five cravings, human beings make and receive karma, so life can be pleasure or suffering. In addition, because everything depends on everything else, karma is the concept of action'including speech, nonverbal behavior and motivation'which is stored in the subconscious mind and bears a karmic result in accordance with karmic affinity. Karma is the cause of good or ill luck, misfortune, fortune,'gloom, misery, suffering, agony, birth, old age, sickness and death. It leads to darkness and ignorance in a human being or plants seeds in the field of happiness.'The teachings of are practical means of learning and developing awareness of the law of cause and effect, and putting it into practice all of one's life. The difference between the awakening of Sakyamuni and that of an ordinary person is permanence and impermanence. Sakyamuni resides in the world of permanent enlightenment, whereas we are still caught in the vicious cycle of temporary awakening and forgetting. Thus, we should continue our practice toward enlightenment, not only internalizing but continuing toward awakening. In early Buddhism this method of cultivation is called the thirty-seven factors of enlightenment, or the thirty-seven paths to enlightenment, which help lead to the cessation of suffering. These include the four-fold setting up application, the four right efforts, the five roots, the five powers, the seven factors of enlightenment and the eight correct paths. When human beings practice the thirty-seven paths to enlightenment, we convert the five sensual pleasures, the evil defilements, into a life of good action. No one can create another's karma. Practical cultivation in daily life enables us to awaken'for an instant'while walking, standing, sitting, lying, speaking, keeping silent, resting or being active. It is necessary for the people of today to do the practice which immediately destroys evil and increases good karma.
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