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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : 임석 (검색결과 168 건)
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약물오염물질 제거 및 귀금속 회수를 위한 금속-유기 골격체의 합성 및 응용
임석 전북대학교 일반대학원 2019 국내박사
In this thesis, a series of Zr(IV)-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with various porous structures and functional groups were synthesized, and employed for removal of organic pollutants of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals and recovery of precious metals (PMs) of Palladium(II), Platinum(IV) and Aurum(III) from aqueous solutions. In Chapter 3, MOFs of MOF-802, UiO-66 and MOF-808, as well as post-synthesized MOFs of UiO-66-NH2 and UiO-66-NHCOCH3 with significant difference of structures, such as various porous properties, functional groups, and Zr6-node connectivities, were fabricated, and their crystallology, porous properties and morphology were investigated. In Chapter 4, we reported that Zr(IV)-based MOFs (defective UiO-66, and MOF-808) have extraordinary adsorption ability to remove nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals from water. Excellent adsorption performances are obtained for UiO-66 and MOF-808, particularly for UiO-66, of which the adsorption capacities are the highest in a wide series of adsorptive materials previously reported, such as activated carbon, zeolites, graphenes, resins, carbon nanotubes, and other MOF materials. It is elucidated that the incomplete-coordinated cationic Zr in the cluster has high affinity for the anionic pharmaceutical (chemical adsorption) and that the adsorption interaction between the benzene ring of the pharmaceutical and MOF’s ligand is involved to enhance or as an alternative to the adsorption interactions (π-π interaction). In particular, adsorption of ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, and furosemide by UiO-66 and MOF-808 and the synergetic effect of chemical adsorption and π-π interaction are outstanding, leading to extremely higher binding energies (Ebind) and sorption abilities. In Chapter 5, MOFs of MOF-802, UiO-66 and MOF-808 with significantly different structures, such as various porous properties and Zr6-node connectivities, were fabricated and tested for the recovery of PMs of Pd(II) (PdCl42-) from acidic aqueous solutions. Adsorption kinetic and isotherm studies showed structure-controlled recovery performance of Pd(II). Among these MOFs, MOF-808 showed the most rapid Pd(II) uptake and the highest adsorption capacity (the maximum adsorption capacity of 163.9 mg g-1) with achieving the equilibrium within 3 minutes, which could be attributed to the most convenient diffusion of PdCl42- through the largest pores of MOF-808, and the most abundant binding sites in the 6-connected Zr6-nodes, as well as the adequate inner space for accommodating PdCl42-, respectively. However, the MOF-802 exhibited the slowest uptake yet highest affinity for Pd(II) with the best adsorption performance in low concentration Pd(II) solutions. This is likely because of the extremely high binding energy (Ebind) between protonated amine groups of MOF-802 and the PdCl42-. Furthermore, the high adsorption selectivity for Pd(II) and good regeneration performance of MOF materials were observed, showing their potential for further large-scale applications. In Chapter 6, two Zr(IV)-based MOFs of UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH2 with incomplete-coordinated Zr6 node were fabricated and tested for adsorption of Pd(II), Pt(IV) and Au(III) anions (PdCl42-, PtCl62- and AuCl4-) in strongly acidic solutions. Both MOFs were tested for uptake time and adsorption capacities and showed rapid and high precious metal adsorption performances. Inner-sphere complexation between the precious metal anions and the incomplete-coordinated Zr atoms in the MOFs was the key mechanism involved in the precious metal adsorption. In the case of UiO-66-NH2, additional electrostatic attraction was found between the protonated amine group (–NH3+) and the precious metal anions, as well as partial reduction of the bound precious metal ions. Moreover, the pathway of adsorption-reduction-crystallization-precipitation for the interaction of UiO-66-NH2 and AuCl4- resulted in extremely high recovery efficiency for gold. Furthermore, the high selectivities of UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH2 for Pd(II), Pt(IV) and Au(III) amid coexisting interfering metals, as well as the stable performances over five cycles of adsorption-desorption showed their potential in practical applications for the recovery of precious metals. In Chapter 7, Zr(IV)-cluster-based MOFs were synthesized for the selective adsorption of Pd(II), as a model precious metal ion, from acidic aqueous solutions containing Co(II), Ni(II), Pd(II), and Pt(IV). Among the various Zr-MOFs synthesized (i.e. UiO-66, UiO-66-NH2 and UiO-66-NHCOCH3), UiO-66-NH2 showed the highest Pd(II) selectivity, with the Pd(II) uptake in the mixture-metals solution being around 181 times higher than that of Pt(IV). The Pd(II) selectivity of UiO-66-NH2 was attributed to higher binding affinity of the protonated amino groups (−NH3+) for PdCl42- and more convenient diffusion of the PdCl42- through the apertures (pores) of the UiO-66-NH2 − which have the appropriate inner sizes befitting PdCl42- penetration − than for Pt(IV) ions (PtCl62-). Furthermore, UiO-66-NH2 showed a stable selective adsorption performance for Pd(II) over five cycles of adsorption-desorption from Pd(II)-Pt(IV) binary solution. In Chapter 8, a set of polymeric nanofibrous membranes incorporated with the UiO-66 series are fabricated; their adsorption/desorption capabilities towards Pd(II) and Pt(IV) are evaluated from strongly acidic solutions; and the MOF-polymer compatibilities are investigated. Polyurethane/UiO-66-NH2 showed strong acid resistance and high chemical stability, which are attributable to strong π-π interactions between PU and MOF nanoparticles with a high configuration of energy. The as-fabricated MOF membranes show extremely rapid uptake rates, large uptake amounts in terms of adsorption kinetics, and isotherms without ruptures/coalitions of nanofibers or leak of MOF nanoparticles, and successfully display the adsorption and desorption efficacy in a gravity-driven or even continuous-flow system, thus showing ultrafast adsorption performance among various adsorbents. Furthermore, good recycle performance and selectivity were also verified. The as-fabricated MOF membranes set an example of potential MOF-polymer compatibility as well as potential for practical applications. Finally, we believe that this thesis suggests MOF materials as new alternatives to adsorptive capture and separation of organic pollutants and precious metal ions from aqueous phase, and extend the application of Zr-based MOFs in the fields of environmental protection and sustainability at the mean while.
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임석 경기대학교 관광전문대학원 2020 국내석사
본 연구는 문화관광해설사의 해설을 제공받는 관광객들을 대상으로 마음챙김과 장소애착의 영향관계를 파악하여, 향후 관광해설이 관광객과 해설사, 나아가 지역사회와 상생협력을 어떻게 진행해야 하는지에 대한 시사점을 제시하려는 목적에서 출발하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 관광해설, 마음챙김, 장소애착에 대한 개념 및 관련 선행연구를 고찰하여 관광해설, 마음챙김, 장소애착에 대한 요인과 측정문항을 도출하였다. 연구 대상지는 강진군으로 설정하였으며, 강진군에서 운영중인 대구, 부산, 광주에서 출발하는 광역시티투어버스와 수도권 여행사의 강진패키지 상품을 중심으로 2018년 3월 1일부터 4월 30일까지 설문조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 총 240부의 설문지를 회수하였으나 불성실하게 응답한 설문지 16부를 제외하고 총 224부를 분석에 활용하였다. 분석방법으로는 모집된 표본에 대하여 빈도조사와 기술통계를 실시하였고, 측정척도에 대하여 타당도 분석과 신뢰도 분석, 상관관계 분석을 실시하였다. 그리고 관광해설과 마음챙김, 장소애착 요인간의 영향관계를 분석하기 위해 구조방정식모형분석을 실시하였다. 이러한 분석 과정을 통해 얻은 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인구통계학적 특성을 분석한 결과 방문경험 비율은 첫 방문이 76.6%, 재방문이 23.7%로 첫 방문 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 남녀 비율은 여성이 77.7%, 남성이 22.3%로 나타났으며 거주지는 대구가 40.2%, 수도권이 36.6% 순으로 나타났으며, 연령은 30대 이하 2.2%, 40대 12.5%, 50대 46.4%, 60대 33.5%, 70대 이상 5.4%로 중·장년층의 비중이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 학력은 고등학교 졸업이 41.1%로 가장 많은 것으로 나타났으며, 대학교 재학/졸업이 30.8%, 전문대 재학/졸업이 20.1%, 대학원 재학/졸업이 6.7%, 기타 1.3% 순으로 나타났다. 직업은 전업주부가 36.6%, 사무/관리직이 18.8%, 기타 13.4%, 자영업이 9.4%, 전문직이 8.9%, 판매/서비스직이 7.1%, 생산직이 3.1%, 농/임/축산업이 2.7% 순으로 나타났다. 둘째, 실증적인 분석을 통해 타당성 및 신뢰도를 검증하였으며, 관광해설은 2개의 요인으로 도출되어 요인 1은 6개 항목(이미지, 가치, 활동, 교육, 역사, 유익)으로 관광해설 가치로 명명하였고 요인 2는 6개 항목(이해, 지루, 지식, 다양, 흥미, 상세)으로 관광해설 이해로 명명하여 분석에 활용하였다. 마음챙김은 단일요인으로 6개 항목(관심, 궁금, 재미, 흥미, 새로움, 기여)으로 모두 분석에 이용하였다. 장소애착은 3개의 요인으로 요인 1은 3개 항목(자아진정, 자아지각, 자아가치)으로 장소정체성, 요인 2는 5개 항목(추천장소, 상기장소, 우위장소, 선호장소, 최고장소)으로 장소의존성, 요인 3은 3개 항목(순간애착, 소속감, 강한애착)으로 사회적 애착 요인으로 분석에 활용하였다. 셋째, 연구가설 검증을 위하여서 구조방정식모형 분석을 실시하였다. 관광해설은 마음챙김(H1), 마음챙김은 장소애착(H2), 관광해설은 장소애착(H3)에 정(+)의 영향을 미친다는 가설을 설정하여 검증하였다. 분석결과를 살펴보면 관광해설은 마음챙김, 마음챙김은 장소애착, 관광해설은 장소애착 모두 유의수준 내에서 정(+)의 영향을 미친다고 나타났다. 이를 종합하면 지역을 찾은 관광객을 대상으로 문화관광해설사의 관련 해설 서비스를 제공하면 선행연구 등을 통한 알려진 것처럼 장소에 대한 애착이 높아지는 것 외에 그 해설을 통하여 관광객들의 지역에 관한 관심 및 궁금증 등을 유발할 수 있는 마음챙김에 영향을 미치며, 관광해설을 통한 마음챙김의 변화는 장소애착에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결국 관광해설은 단순히 정보를 전달하는 역할에서 벗어나, 해설사와 관광객과의 상호관계 속에서 지각되는 마음챙김이 관광객들로 하여금 장소애착 형성에 영향을 주고, 장소애착은 지역의 긍정적인 이미지 형성과 재방문으로 이어지므로 관광해설은 해설사와 관광객의 교감만을 위한 관계가 아니라, 관광객이 지역사회를 긍정적인 측면으로 바라보게 하여 지역에 대한 어떠한 기여를 할 것인가에 대한 해답을 제시할 수 있으며, 결과적으로 해당 지자체가 관광해설의 정책적 방향 설정에 도움이 될 것으로 보인다. The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of mindfulness and place-attachment for tourists who were provided with explanations of the Culture and Tourism Explanation, and to suggest how future tourism interpretations should proceed with tourists, commentators, and, in addition, win-win cooperation with the community. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, factors and measurement questions on tourism description, mind-bending, location-attaching concepts and relevant prior research were derived. The locations for the study were set up as Gangjin-gun, and the survey was conducted from March 1 to April 30, 2018, focusing on the metropolitan city tour buses and the Gangjin package products from Daegu, Busan and Gwangju, which are operating in Gangjin-gun. As a result, a total of 240 questionnaires were retrieved but a total of 224 were used for the analysis, excluding 16 questionnaires who were unfaithful in responding. As an analysis method, frequency survey and technical statistics were conducted on the recruited samples, feasibility analysis, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis were conducted on the measurement scale. And a structural equation model analysis was conducted to analyze the impact of tourism analysis, entrenchment, and location-attaching factors. The results of the studies obtained through this analysis are as follows. First, an analysis of demographic characteristics showed that the ratio of visit experience was 76.6 percent for the first visit and 23.7 percent for the second visit, with the ratio of first visit being high. The ratio for men and women was 77.7 percent for women, 22.3 percent for men, 40.2 percent for Daegu and 36.6 percent for the Seoul metropolitan area, 2.2 percent for those in their 30s or younger, 12.5 percent for those in their 40s, 46.4 percent for those in their 50s, 33.5 percent for those in their 60s and 5.4 percent for those in their 70s. High school graduates accounted for the largest portion with 41.1 percent, followed by 30.8 percent for college/graduates, 20.1 percent for junior college/graduates, 6.7 percent for graduate/graduates and 1.3 percent for others. The number of full-time housewives came in at 36.6 percent, followed by 18.8 percent for office/management positions, 9.4 percent for self-employed businesses, 8.9 percent for professional workers, 7.1 percent for sales/service workers, 3.1 percent for production workers and 2.7 percent for farming, forestry and livestock industries. Second, feasibility and reliability were verified through empirical analysis, and tourism description was derived from two factors, and factor 1 was named tourism description value in six categories (image, value, activity, education, history, benefits), and factor 2 was used to understand tourism description in six categories (understanding, boredom, knowledge, diversity, interest, and detail). As a single factor, six items (attention, curiosity, fun, interest, novelty, contribution) were all used for analysis. Place attachment was used as three factors (self-identification, self-awareness, and self-value) for location identity in three categories, and factor 2 as five items (recommended location, place of preference, preference location) for location dependency and three factors as social factors (instant love, belonging, and strong attachment factors). Third, a structural equation model was analyzed for the verification of the research theory. The tourism explanation was verified by setting up and verifying the hypothesis that the tourism explanation has a positive influence on the place attachment (H1), the place attachment (H2), and the tourism interpretation (H3). According to the analysis results, tourism interpretation have a positive effect within a significant level. To sum up this information, we could see that providing a related commentary service for tourists visiting the area, in addition to increasing their attachment to the place, as is known through prior research, affects the mindfuless that can cause tourists' interest in the area and curiosity, and that changes in the mindfulness through the tourism interpretation have a positive effect on the place-attachment In the end, tourism interpretation is not just about the role of conveying information, but also about the contribution of tourists to the region, as the perceptible mind-twisting between commentators and tourists affects the formation of a place-altering relationship and the location-relationship leads to the formation of a positive image of the region and the re-visiting of the local tourism organization.
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퇴행성 요추 질환에서 척추경 나사못 고정술 및 유합술 후 10년 이상 추시 결과에 대한 임상적 및 방사선학적 연구
척추경 나사못이 개발된 이후로는 척추 유합술이 필요한 경우에는 대부분 척추경 나사못 고정술이 병행되고 있다. 그러나 척추 유합술 및 척추경 나사못 고정술이 널리 사용되기 시작한지 20여년이 경과하였음에도 불구하고, 척추경 나사못 고정술 후 장기 추시 결과를 발표한 논문은 매우 드물고 특히 국내에서는 이와 관련된 논문을 찾아 볼 수 없다. 본 논문의 목적은 척추경 나사못 고정술 및 척추 유합술을 시행 받고 10년 이상 경과한 환자의 임상적 결과 및 방사선학적 변화를 알아보고, 재수술이 필요한 경우의 원인을 분석하며 수술 부위나 요추부 전체에서 장기간 고정 및 유합의 결과로 발생하는 변화는 어떠한 것이 있는지를 규명하기 위함이다. 1988년 5월부터 2004년 12월까지 퇴행성 요추부 질환으로 3개 분절 이하의 척추경 나사못 고정술 및 척추 유합술을 시행 받고 유합된 것이 확인되었으며, 10년 이상 추시된 환자 58명을 대상으로 연구를 시행하였고, 골절이나 변형, 결핵, 종양 등 퇴행성이 아닌 다른 원인에 의해 수술 받은 환자는 연구 대상에서 제외하였다. 각 환자의 수술 후 및 최종 추시 시의 측면 방사선 사진에서 요추부의 전만각과 유합 부위의 전만각을 측정하여 그 변화를 분석하였으며 제 1-2요추간부터 제 5요추-제 1천추간까지 각각의 추간판 높이는 어떻게 변화하고 있으며 이러한 변화가 유합 때문에 발생한 것인지 아니면 자연 경과에 의한 것인지를 알아보기 위해 유합하지 않은 분절과 비교 연구하였다. 또한 후측방 유합술을 시행한 환자에서도 유합 분절 추간판내에 석회화가 발생하는 현상에 주목하여 추간판 부위별 석회화의 발생 빈도를 알아보았다. 연구 결과 임상적 결과는 최우수 15예, 우수 29예로 75.9%에서 만족스러운 결과를 보였다. 불량한 결과를 보인 환자 중 7예(12.1%)에서는 인접 분절의 문제로 재수술을 필요로 하였는데 이 중 6예가 1개 분절만을 유합하였던 경우였으며, 6예 중 4예는 후방 추체간 유합술을 시행한 경우였다. 요추부 전만각은 평균 술 후 43.3도에서 최종 추시 시 33.4도로 감소하였으며 유합 분절내의 전만각은 평균 술 후 21.9도에서 최종 추시 시 13.0도로 감소하였다. 추간판의 상대 높이는 제 3-4요추간이 평균 술 후 39.7%에서 최종 추시 시 30.2%로, 제 4-5요추간이 평균 술 후 37.3%에서 최종 27.3%로 감소하였다. 후측방 유합술을 시행한 58개 분절 중 37개 분절(63.8%)에서 추간판내 석회 침착이 발견되었다. 퇴행성 요추 질환에 대한 척추경 나사못 고정술 및 척추 유합술 후 10년 이상 장기 추시한 결과 임상적으로는 만족스런 결과를 얻었다. 방사선학적으로 요추부 전만각의 감소는 유의하게 발생하였으나 요추부의 전반적인 문제라기보다는 대부분 유합 분절내의 전만각 소실에 의해 발생하였으며, 유합 분절에서 유합하지 않은 분절 보다 추간판의 상대 높이가 유의하게 감소되었으나 유합 방법에 따른 추간판 상대 높이의 변화는 후측방 유합술과 후방 추체간 유합술 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 후측방 유합술을 시행한 분절에서 추간판내 석회 침착이 보이는 것은 척추경 나사못 고정술 및 후측방 유합술을 시행하여도 장기간 경과하면 추간판이 협소화되며 자연 유합되는 것으로 판단된다. Purpose : To evaluate the long-term clinical results and radiographic changes of lumbar spine fusion with pedicle screw fixation for degenerative lumbar diseases. Materials and Methods : Patients who were operated on for degenerative lumbar diseases from May 1988 through December 1994 were included. Patients with tumors, infections, trauma, deformities and long-level fusion of more than 4 levels were excluded. Fifty-eight patients were evaluated clinically and 44 of those were assessed radiographically based on changes of lumbar lordosis, disc heights and calcification in the disc space. Results : Forty-four of 58 patients(75.9%) showed satisfactory clinical results at the final follow-up. Of the 7 patients who required reoperation, 6 had single segment fusion and 4 of these 6 patients had posterior lumbar interbody fusion. Radiographic results of lumbar lordosis were reduced from 43.3 degrees to 33.4 degrees. Lordotic angle of the fusion segment was reduced from 21.9 degrees to 13.0 degrees. The relative height of disc was markedly reduced at L3-4 and L4-5 from 39.7% to 30.2% and 37.3% to 27.3% respectively. Calcifications in the disc space were observed in 37 out of 58 segments treated by posterolateral fusion. Conclusion : Radiographic results of lumbar lordosis and disc space height in fusion segments were reduced significantly, but did not correspond to the clinical results. In long-term follow-up results, pedicle screw fixation and fusion has a favorable outcome for treating degenerative lumbar diseases. No significant differences were observed between poterolateral fusion and posterior lumbar interbody fusion in changes of disc height. Large number of calcific deposits found in disc spaces with posterolateral fusion indicate natural spontaneous disc space fusion over time, even though the disc space was not fused at the time of surgery.
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