자동차 전조등의 순간적 밝기변동에 대한 운전자의 심리적인 반응 평가 연구

李昌模 강원대학교 2008 국내박사

전조등은 에어컨과 더불어 차량내의 알터네이터(alternator)에 50 %가량의 부하로서 작용하기 때문에 차량내의 전기적 부하 변동에 가장 민감하게 영향을 받는 전기장치이다. 만약 부하변동에 의해 할로겐 전구를 이용하는 전조등의 밝기가 변동하게 된다면, 이는 운전자가 민감하게 느낄 수 있는 요소가 된다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 전조등의 밝기변동 요소가 되는 전압변동 범위 ΔV와 전압변동 시간 Δt로 순간적인 밝기변동이 발생하였을 경우와 밝기변동이 연속적으로 발생하였을 경우에 대해서 이것이 운전자의 심리적인 반응에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 연구하였다. 이러한 연구를 위해서 자동차 전조등의 다양한 밝기변동의 효과를 제공할 수 있는 영상, 차량의 운전을 효과적으로 모의할 수 있는 모의 차량 설치 그리고 밝기변동에 대한 심리적인 반응을 평가할 수 있는 평가법등의 시험실을 제작하였다. 그리고 본 시험에 들어가기 전 예비시험을 수행하여 ΔV와 Δt에 대한 구체적인 시험조건을 결정하였다. 본 시험은 20대와 60대 피험자를 대상으로 각각 1차, 2차 그리고 3차로 수행하였으며 심리평가분석으로 리커트 척도법(Likert scale)을 이용한 평가지를 사용하였다. 1, 2차 그리고 3차 시험 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 전조등의 밝기변동에 대한 20대 운전자의 심리적인 반응을 분석한 결과, 전압패턴 A의 경우, ΔV에 대해서는 크게 영향을 받지 않고, Δt에 지배적인 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 자극(ΔV와 Δt)이 증가할수록 평가정도는 로그함수적으로 증가하였다. 반면, 전압패턴 B에 대해서는 오로지 ΔV에 대해서만 영향을 받았으며 자극이 증가할수록 평가정도는 2차함수적으로 나타났다. (2) 60대의 경우, 매우 낮은 휘도수준에서의 복합적인 시험이 자극으로 인정되고 노인층의 생리적인 특성과 심리적인 특성으로 인해, 20대와 유사하게 평가하는 경향을 보였지만 매우 큰 자극(1.6 V/1,500 ms)이 주어진 경우를 제외하고는 매우 불안정한 평가를 하였다. (3) 빔 패턴이 다른 3가지의 전조등에 대해서 밝기변동에 대한 심리적인 반응을 시험한 결과 운전자가 느끼는 반응의 정도는 동일하게 나타났다. (4) 10분 동안에 전조등의 밝기가 어떠한 경향으로 주기적으로 발생하더라도 불괘감에 미치는 영향은 동일하였으며 2회 이상 밝기변동이 발생하면 불쾌감은 한번 발생하였을 때에 비해 증가하는 경향을 보였다. (5) 위의 결과를 바탕으로 전압패턴 A와 B에 따른 ΔV와 Δt의 한계값을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서의 결과를 바탕으로 할로겐 전구를 이용하는 전조등에 있어서, 운전자가 밝기변동을 인지한 정도와 불쾌감을 느낀 정도에 대한 전압변동범위 ΔV와 전압변동 시간 Δt를 결정하는 것으로서 차량의 등급에 따라서 전기장치의 전원시스템의 성능을 규정할 수 있는 지표로서 활용될 수 있을 것이다. Headlamp is the electrical device that is most sensitively affected by the fluctuation in electrical load in a vehicle. If a halogen filament headlamp’s brightness fluctuates due to load fluctuation, the vehicle’s driver might react sensitively to such fluctuation. Therefore, in this thesis, when the instantaneous and continuous brightness's fluctuation occurred according to the factors of a headlamp’s variation in brightness, the voltage variation range ΔV and the voltage variation time Δt, we looked into the effect of such variations on the driver’s psychological response. For this research, a test room including an image providing the various brightness fluctuations of a vehicle’s headlamps and an evaluation method for evaluating the psychological response on brightness fluctuation was constructed. In addition, a preliminary test was conducted before the actual test to determine the detailed test conditions for ΔV and Δt. This test was carried out in 1nd, 2nd and 3nd tests on study participants(twenties and sixties). In the psychological appraisal, an appraisal sheet using the Likert scale was utilized. The three tests showed the following results: (1) The analysis on the psychological response of drivers in their twenties to fluctuations in the headlamp’s brightness showed that, for voltage pattern A, the response was not much affected by ΔV but dominated by Δt. In addition, the extent of appraisal increased logarithmically with the increase in stimulus (ΔV and Δt). On the contrary, for voltage pattern B, the response was only affected by ΔV; the extent of appraisal increased according to a square function. (2) In the case of drivers in their sixties, due to a composite test under very low brightness levels affects as the stimulus and the physiological and psychological characteristics of the elderly, the appraisal performed very unstably except in cases in which a very large stimulus (1.6 V/1,500 ms) was given. However the overall appraisal showed a similar result to the test with drivers in their twenties (3) Test on the psychological response to the brightness fluctuation of three headlamps with different beam patterns showed a similar extent of response perceived by the driver. (4) Regardless of which frequency the brightness of the headlamp occurred during an interval of 10 minutes, the impact on the discomfortable feeling was identical; if brightness fluctuation occurred more than twice, the discomfortable feeling showed a tendency to increase over that of single occurrences. (5) Based on the results above, we presented the limitary values of ΔV and Δt according to voltage patterns A and B. Based on the results of this research, the voltage variation range ΔV and the voltage variation time Δt for the driver’s extent of perception of the brightness's fluctuation and extent of discomfortable feeling are determined, which then can be used as the index for determining the performance of an electrical system according to the vehicle’s rating.

韓國 行政制度改革에 關한 硏究 : 未來社會의 變化에 따른 行政制度改革의 接近方向

이창모 江原大學校 經營行政大學院 1993 국내석사

A reform of the administrative structure means a planned change which the Adminstration pursues intentionally in order to make an administrative system better, and an artificial and intentional process of exploring and nealizing ways toward the new organization, policy and administrative procedure which ane free from the unreasonable and undemocratic factors of administrative system in order more efficiently realize an final aim of administration namely to correspond with the changing demands of social circumstances as administrative clrcumstances and improve gualitatively the balanced living conditions of all classes. The administrative projects have been carried out several times from estabishing a government in 1948 to this day in Korea. Korean administrative system had been much influenced by the colonial administrative system of Japanese imperialism but there were some changes of the frame of exfermal shape of power structure in point of the administration of a democratic independent country. The second republic didn't accomplish an radical revolution in the adirlinistrative process and culture after the 4. 19 Revolution. The function of administrative system of 5.16 military authorities was complicated by the strategy and methods in American style, and it tried ta improve the administrative efficiency by means of expanding a far-reaching administrative reform in order to justify the reason why it should be after the Revitalizing Reforms, The fifth republic carried out steeply the reform of system concermed with an administrative structure and a Personnel administration, and so expanded anticorruption movement and administrative reform on the level of a Acocial purification drive. The sixth republic oraaniged the Administrative Reform committee and attempted at an administrative reform sharply in order to achieve the national summon called democracy. After the ambitious era of civil government opened Feb 25, 1993. the reform has been expanded in order to 'heal the Korean Malady' under the direction of national policy called 'the Creation of New Korea' on the national level, and it is given full support by the people. The framework of the body of thesis is as follows. Chapter Two considers a definition, necessity, approach, drive process and resistant factors of admLnistrative reform as a step of considering it in theory. Chapter Three shows how the process of administrative reform has changed from the first republic to the sixth republic. Chapter Four offers the proposals in policy so as to build a desirable nation and suggests an approach to the reform of future administrative system.

태권도 수련이 청소년들의 신체적 자기개념에 미치는 효과

이창모 순천대학교 교육대학원 2007 국내석사

The study was conducted to verify the effects of Taekwondo exercise on the physical self-conception building by middle and high school students. The physical self-concept was analyzed considering two major characteristics of general background and its participation level. The study froup was selected among the middle and high school students who were attending Taekwondo academy located in Sunchon city from May and June in 2006. Total 270 surveys were collected out of 300 distributions by convenience sampling, among which 234 surveys were finally used for the study. 39 copies were excluded due to the bad responses and low confidence. MANOVA was performed to identify the difference of variable factors and Scheffe's post-verification method was used to further analyze it of there was any factor with significant difference. It was determined to be significant when the value was p<.05. The followeing conclusions were made based on the above research method and prodedures. First, physical self-concept showed significant difference gby gender. Boys were more highly self-concepted than girls in sport competency, physical activity, endurance and body shape, whereas girls were less self-concepted than boys in body. Second, physical self-concept indicated significant difference by school grade. High school students were more self-concepted than middle school students in appearance, self-respect, flexibility and body shape, whereas middle school students were less self-concepted than high school students in body fat. Third, physical self-concept represented significant difference by height. The taller group over 170cm were more highly self-concepted in sprots competencey, appearance, physical activity, flexibility, endurance, physical strength and body shape, whereas the group between 160cm and 169cm were less self-concepted in body fat. Fourth, physical self-concept showed significant difference by weight. The group with 60kg-69kg was more self-concepted in sprots competency, appearance, flexibility, endurance, physical strength and body shape. Fifth, physical self-concept indicated a significant difference by participating period. The group who has been participating over 73 months was moreself-concepted in sports competency and physical activity and the gorup between 37 month to 72 month was also more self-comcepted in endurance and body shape, whereas the group under 1-36 month participation was less self-concepted in health and self-respect. Sixth, physical self-concept represented a significant difference by participation frequency. The more frequently participation, the higher self-concepted in physical activity, self-reapect and physical strength. Seventh, physical self-comcept showed a significant difference by participation duration. The group with longer participation was highly self-concepted in sports competency, appearance, physical activity, endurance, physical strength and body shape.

대형 등명기(Large Beacon)의 Lens 및 Prism 설계법에 관한 연구

이창모 강원대학교 2003 국내석사

韓國産 족도리풀屬(Asarum)의 外部形態 및 解剖學的 形質에 의한 分類

이창모 高麗大學校 1988 국내석사

Sol-Gel법을 이용한 TiO2 Sol 합성 시 반응 온도 및 알코올 영향

이창모 전북대학교 2005 국내석사

Titania(TiO₂) possess interesting catalyst, optical, and dielectric properties, which results in industrial applications such as pigments, filters, catalyst supports, and photocatalyst. Control of the size, shape and structure of the colloidal precursor is an important factor in determining the properties of the final material. In the presence of water, alkoxides hydrolyze and subsequently polymerize to form a three-dimensional oxide network. These reactions can be schematically represented ac follows : Ti(OR)_(4) + 4H₂O → Ti(OH)_(4) + 4ROH (hydrolysis) Ti(OH)_(4) → TiO₂·xH₂O + (2-x)H₂O (condensation) In this study, titania particle size, crystalline structure and photocatalytic activity were studied as a function of synthesis temperature and removed the alcohol in byproduct of hydrolysis titanium alkoxide using sol-gel process. Water/ alkoxide ratio was fixed in 100 and pH = 1.5 (used in nitric acid). The titania were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and particle size distributor. Photocatalytic activity tests were batch type reactor for formaldehyde(HCHO) removal at room temperature under UV irradiation. As increasing the reaction temperature from 50℃ to 80℃, the average particle size was increased. In addition, crystalline structure was changed from amorphous to anatase structure, and particle shape was spherical type in all conditions. In case of removed the alcohol in byproduct of hydrolysis titanium alkoxide, particle size was less than not removed and crystal form was more crystallized than not removed. Photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde in gas phase was investigated with coated titania sol in soda lime glass under UV irradiation. With increasing the reaction temperature, the photocatlaytic degradation of formaldehyde was increased. However, removed the alcohol in byproduct of hydrolysis titanium alkoxide were more activity than not removed. In the past, photocatalytic activity was determined by particle size, and small size rather than large. However, from our studies, we could know that the photocatalytic activity was fallen off although a particle size was so small. In addition, we could know that the alcohol in byproduct of hydrolysis titanium alkoxide were disturbed the crystal growth and increased the particle size.

엔지니어링産業의 海外進出 促進을 위한 技術入力共同活用制度 國內導人에 관한 硏究

이창모 西江大學校 1990 국내석사

메틸오렌지에 의한 나일론類의 染色에 있어서 熱力學的 性質 및 疎水結合의 영향

이 창모 慶北大學校 1987 국내석사