幾何學的 機械的 構成要素로서의 經絲收縮模型에 關한 硏究

이재곤 漢陽大學校 大學院 1968 국내석사

艮齋 李德弘의 註釋書 撰述과 壬亂 克服意識

이재곤 安東大學校 敎育大學院 2000 국내석사

The family origin of Kanjae(艮齋, penname) Yi Duk-Hong(李德弘, 1541~1596) was Youngcheon(永川), his pseudonym(字) was Gyeng-Jung(宏仲) and he was a metaphysicist who lived in the middle of Chosun(朝鮮) Dynasty. This study focused on the writing of the commentary by Yi Duk-Hong as a scholar and his consciousness of overcoming Japanese invasion(壬亂) in order to understand what Yi Duk-Hong was. Yi Duk-Hong devoted sincerely to learning for 12 years from his becoming a disciple of Yi Hwang(李滉) until he died. He never failed to ask questions about any suspicious matter and to write what he could understand from the questions. So he left the most commentaries among disciples. The “Four Books Inquiries(四書質疑)” of Yi Duk-Hong was used as material in the publication of “Four Books Commentary(四書釋義)” of Yi Hwang when the handwriting of it was lost at the time of Japanese Invasion, and the “Book of Changes Inquiries(周易質疑)” contains much of his creative materials that can be used to measure the depth of his fortune-telling lore(易學). “Ancient Literature Inquiries(古文質疑)” is useful to understand the commentary situation of “Ancient Literature Treasure(古文眞寶)” of Toegye(退溪) School at that time, and “Family Customary Formalities(家禮註解)” is the first family customary formalities commentary written by Toegye School becoming the basis of the family customary formalities commentaries following it. Especially “Discussion of Ju-Ja(朱子) letter's digest(朱書節要講錄)” and “Mental Inquiries(心經質疑)” of his commentaries have had much effect on future generations. The former was so great influenced that following Ju-Ja's scholars at that time copied to use as their essential reference book in understanding the letters of Ju-Ja. The latter gave much influence to the Confucianism in the latter period of the Chosun Dynasty as a lecture in the royal court at the time of King Hyo-Jong(孝宗) used this book as a reference. Afterward Song Si-Yeol (宋時烈) and others wrote “Mental Question Commentary(心經附註釋義)” by complemented the book by the decree of King Sook-Jong(肅宗). The consciousness of Yi Duk-Hong about overcoming Japanese invasion is well shown in his two appeal letters to King Sunjo(宣祖) and Kwanghae the crown prince(光海君). We can know his outstanding knowledge of military strategy and his loyalty to the kingdom. Specific and practical measures were recommended in his appeal letters such as shooters' utilization of mountaineers(山尺), utilization of new battle formation(陣法), utilization of castles as effective defense method, establishment of wooden barricades(木柵) and utilization of tortoise shell boats(龜甲船). Especially it is surprising that he made “Drawing of Tortoise Shell Boat(龜甲船圖)” which is assumed to be the original drawing of the “Turtle Ship(거북선, 龜船)”. It is sorry we are lacking in the material to prove the correlation between his “Drawing of Tortoise Shell Boat” and the “Turtle Ship” of General Yi Sun-Shin (李舜臣), but the fact itself that he created the idea of “Tortoise Shell Boat(龜甲船)” has considerable meaning. His philosophical achievement as a neo-confucianist enables us to measure his position in the history of ideas and “Toegye School(退溪學派)”. Especially his position related to “Toegye Studies(退溪學)” should be reviewed more closely in future. This study tried to grasp what he really was in light of his life as an outstanding scholar and excellent official, but failed to find it owing to shortage of related materials and my ability, remaining a subject to be studied in future.

環境變化와 財務成果와의 關聯性에 대한 企業特性 影響分析

이재곤 忠南大學校 1988 국내석사

I. INTRODUCTION The financial performance of a business enterprise is likely to be influenced by changing environments. The extent of the influence will reveal a variety of responses, which will be different for each business and industrial characteristics. In this research, the researcher intended to analyze the relationship between the environment variables which is numerically measurable and the firm's finnancial performance. Based on this analysis, he looked into how the changes in environment variables affects the firm's financial performance: in other words, how the firm's characteristics respond to correlation. And finally, the researcher sought to find out what characteristics of a firm's bring about these relations. It is necessary to confine the research subject to certain sample firms in order to analyze precisely the characteristic factors of the firms selected, since various factors of the firm itself and a number of environmental factors interact to form the firm's financial performance. For this reason, the researcher chose the government-invested enterprises as sample firms, because they possess a variety of functions and characteristics as sample enterprises. Each firm has shown significant differences in its growth rate and variation (coefficient of variation) with regard to the financial performance of the government-invested enterprises selected as samples. This reaction is supposedly to be found in the external environment and the firm's difference in characteristics. II. DATA SELECTION and ANALYSIS SCHEDULE Environmental variables were sought after from related literature along with variables relevant to decisive factors of the systematic risk-securities risk. The variables are also considered to be factors that affect the firm's financial-performance. The selected estimation model is simple regression analysis method, and whether the estimated β coefficients have the statistical significance, the result of T-test is analyzed. Environmental variables includes the constant prices of the gross national products, the rate of increase in money supply, all cities consumer prices and enchange rate ; independent variables, and dependent variables represents the net profit to gross capital (property) in the firm's financial performance. The phases of analysis were as follow . 1) All the government-invested firms were analyzed for general correlation. 2) The differences in characteristics for each industry were analyzed by way of the same method. 3) Analysis was expanded for each individual enterprises. III. EMPIRICAL TEST and RESULT Empirical tests based on the above described analysis and phases led to the following results: Each environmental variables is significantly related to the enterprises as a whole. The corelation of the firm to the financial performance represented POSITIVE with respect to GNP growth rate while it represented INVERSE with regard to the rate of increase in money supply and consumer price increase rate. Analysis of each industry had a significant relation to environmental variables excluding GNP Gorwth rate. In correlation, service industry showed opposite results. The difference lies in the fact that service industry monopolizes while other industries other than the service compete with counter-providers, Analysis of each individual enterprise showed that a number of enterprises have a significant relation to environmental variables. Each enterprise had different responses. It was possible to discover two different groups of enterprises which have a common type of response to environmental variables, One is the group that is not related to GNP growth rate, has positive correlation with respect to the rate of increase in money supply and has inverse correlation with respect to exchange rates. The other is the group that has correlation opposite to the first. The differences between group characteristics are. Type I: Enterprises with greather forward effect, higher debt rate. Type II: Enterprises with greather backward effect, lower debt rate. Analysis of each individual enterprise revealed the reasons for the differences in the relationship between the financial performance and environmental variables. ① The more comptetitive with the counter-provider as to the rate of increase in money supply, the greater the inverse correlation. ② The higher debt rate and the greather current rate in comparison with consumer price increase rate tend to increase the positive corrleation. ③ The inverse correlation increases with the higher debt rate and the greater current rate in comparison with exchange rates. Ⅳ. CONCLUSION From the results of the analysis, it was noticed that each environmental variables selected is significantly related to the firm's financial performance. However, the GNP growth rates had the least significance in the overall industry and individual enterprises. The firm's characteristics affected the relationship of positive or inverse in the result of the analysis. Some problems at issue in the course of analyzing : First, limited period showed different result for each of the periods, which means change in environmental variables may affect the relationships. Environmental conditions need to be stabilized in order to predict the future based on the result concluded from the limited particular period in the past. Second, there may be variables with related significance among the environmental variables that are not analyzed in this treatise, Third, various characteristics external and internal, of business enterprises have not been fully considered.

초등학교에서 중학교로의 학교 급의 변화에 따른 수학용어의 위계상승에 대한 연구

이재곤 한양대학교 교육대학원 2010 국내석사

본 논문에서는 초등학교에서 중학교로의 학교 급의 변화와 관련되는 여러 수학학습 장애요인들 중에서, 수학을 학습하는 학습자들이 수학적 용어에 대한 이해에 있어서 인지적 장애를 겪을 수밖에 없음을 보이고자 한다. 이를 보이기 위해서 첫째로 수학적 용어들의 위계수준을 측정할 타당하고 신뢰성있는 측정모형을 제작하고, 둘째로 이 측정모형을 사용하여 각 학년의 수학교과서에 사용된 수학적 용어의 위계수준을 측정할 것이다. 그리고 이러한 측정결과를 바탕으로 학교 급의 변화에 따라 수학적 용어의 위계가 급격히 상승함을 보이고자 한다. 앞선 분석의 결과를 학습자의 인지적 발달 특성에 대한 이론들에서 이끌어낸 귀납적 가정과 결합하여 초등학교에서 중학교로 진학한 학습자가 발달 특성에 맞지 않는 수학적 용어의 이해를 강요받고 있다는 결론을 이끌어낼 것이다. 본 연구는 학습자의 발달 특성에 맞는 수학교과서를 개발하기 위한 방향설정에 하나의 시사점을 얻는데 그 목적이 있다.

밀리미터파 대역 Nonradiative dielectric rotman 렌즈의 설계

이재곤 홍익대학교 대학원 2001 국내석사

본 논문에서는 밀리미터파 대역 차량충돌 방지 레이다[1]에 적용되는 다중 빔 조향구조인 Rotman 렌즈를 저손실의 nonradiative dielectric (NRD) 도파로로 설계하였다. Rotman 렌즈는 신뢰성과 내구성이 좋은 전기적인 빔 조향방식인데 세 개의 입력 포트인 focal point를 갖고 이 focal point로 입사하면 출력 포트인 어레이 포트에서 완전한 focus를 이루게 된다.[2] NRD Rotman 렌즈의 설계시 중요시되는 저 손실, NRD 도파로 간의 적은 coupling, 기본 모드 동작범위를 고려하여 NRD 도파로의 규격을 결정하였 다. 이 때 손실은 NRD 도파로에서의 NRD의 폭(width)과 평판사이의 거리 와 관계가 있고, coupling은 NRD의 폭(width)과 유전율과 관계가 있다. NRD Rotman 렌즈의 규격을 어레이 tactor sidelobe의 최소화를 목표로 설계 파라미터를 최적화하였다. 최적화를 통해서 알 수 있는 것은 tocal ratio가 작아지면 빔 폭은 작아지고 어레이 간격이 커지면 빔 폭은 작아지나 sidelobe이 커지며 focal length는 단지 Rotman 렌즈의 크기에만 관련이 있다. 또한 Rotman 렌즈의 sidewall를 corrugated[2]로 처리하여 sidewall으로부터의 다중반사를 제거함으로서 왜곡되지 않은 조향 빔을 얻을 수 있다, Cuarter wave transformer로 만들 시 matching layer를 만족시키는 유전율을 가진 유전체를 찾기 힘들고 Rotman 렌즈와 접합할 때 야기될 수 있는 문제점을 제거하기 위하여 sidewall를 corrugated로 처리하였다. A Rotman lens has been usually designed with parallel plate or microstrip. However, its large size is weak point of the parallel plate Rotman lens. Moreover, if the microstrip is used in Rotman lens, the large conduction loss in the millimeter wave range of 77GHz would degrade the gain of the Rotman lens. In this thesis, a Rotman lens of beam steering network that can be applied to car collision avoidance radar in the millimeter wave frequency was designed with nonradiative dielectric (NRD) in order to overcome the above problems. Design parameters of NRD Rotman lens has been studied to achieve low loss and low coupling between each NRD output ports in the dominant mode operation region. Design parameters are also optimized to minimized a sidelobe of array factor. Futhermore, the sidewall of the Rotman lens was corrugated to eliminate the multiple-reflection.

觀光保險에 있어서의 觀光傷害保險說에 關한 硏究

이재곤 경기대학교 대학원 1993 국내석사

Over the past few years, the economic growth had a great effect on tourism. As the number of tourists increases, particularly in the international tourism, tourists inevitably need some measures which secure their lives, rights and happiness as a safeguard against danger. In this respect, it is required to establishment the accident insurance company in tourism. Both domestic and international tourism would shrink due to tourist accidents. There has been no typical accident insurance in tourism which secures the problem of tourists. This study is aiming at scrutinizing the theory of the tourist accident insurance and setting up the company dealing with the insurance. This study is composed of 6 chapters. Chapter 1. as the introduction, describes a proposal : establishment of the accident insurance company in tourism. Chapter 2. as the theorytical background of the tourism insurance, presents the essence of the tourism insurance and the theory of the accident insurance in tourism by analyzing theories of life and non-life insurance. Chapter 3. by studying the existing accident insurance in tourism, deals with the details of the current tourism insurance. In addition, the validity in its application will he taken into consideration. Chapter 4. studies how the tourism accident insurance should be instituted for tourists. It is focused on the strategy to activate the goals of accident insurance, reinforcement of service and the active sales promotion. Chapter 5. from the view-point of securing the problems which tourists might suddenly confront with, proposes some legal backgrounds with regard to the establishment of the accident insurance company in tourism. Finally, chapter 6 summarizes and makes conclusion of this study.

Improvement of coupled core-edge modelling package for analysis of double null and snowflake divertor configurations

이재곤 서울대학교 대학원 2017 국내석사

A coupled core-edge modelling package including a mesh generator, VEGA, and a plasma transport solver, C2, is improved for analysis of the general Double Null (DN) and snowflake divertor configurations in a tokamak. Among the DN configuration, the Disconnected Double Null (DDN) configuration is commonly formed from the Connected Double Null (CDN) configuration because of the difficulty of yielding the same value at both X points. For the purpose of reducing heat loads to the divertor target, the snowflake divertor configuration is suggested recently. The mesh generator VEGA is upgraded to VEGA2.0 in order to generate a grid of these magnetic configurations. To achieve this goal, VEGA is reconstructed in C++ program language and modified to deal with the twisted grid and the first points finding algorithm. VEGA2.0 is benchmarked with VEGA for a reference connected double null (CDN) of KSTAR plasmas and evaluated with the grid quality factors. It shows that VEGA2.0 provides a better grid with respect to the low radial flux deviation in the boundary region of the computational domain. Also, the grid for the DDN and the snowflake divertor configurations in both KSTAR and VEST are successfully generated. A bridge code is developed for coupling VEGA2.0 to C2. In this code, the created grid matrix in VEGA2.0 is separated with respect to the separatrix line drawn from the X points and reallocated for the C2-preferred input format. This bridge code also adds one-dimensional data to obtain the magnetic surface averaged current profile and the diffusivity of heat and momentum. As a result, a coupled core-edge modelling package is prepared for analysis of both DDN and snowflake divertor configurations. The results of a coupled plasma transport simulation with the DDN configuration are presented.

염증성 장질환에서 장내 상재균의 병인 관련성

이재곤 한양대학교 대학원 2021 국내박사

배경: 염증성 장질환 (inflammatory bowel disease, IBD)은 유전적 감수성, 환경적 요인 및 변화된 장내 미생물이 복합적으로 관여하여 발생한다. 장내 미생물 불균형은 IBD pathogenesis의 한 축을 담당하며, Fusobacteria 및 Escherichia coli와 같은 세균들은 colitis를 유발하는 중요한 후보로 제시되었다. 이 연구는 IBD 환자의 장 점막 조직에서 유래하는 Fusobacteria 와 E. coli를 분리하고 그들의 특성과 역할을 규명하고자 하였다. 방법: 진단 또는 치료 반응 평가 등의 목적으로 대장내시경을 시행하는 IBD 환자들을 대상으로 하였다. 먼저, 혐기성 세균인 Fusobacteria 분리를 위해 대장내시경을 통해 얻은 대장 점막 조직을 crystal violet-erythromycin agar 배지에서 배양하였고, 형성된 colony를 채취하여 PCR 및 16s rRNA sequencing을 통해 균주를 동정하였다. 여기서 동정된 Fusobacterium spp.를 cell line과 colonic organoid에 감염시켜 inflammatory cytokine 발현 정도를 분석하였다. 다음으로, adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC)의 특성과 역할을 규명하기 위해 IBD 환자들의 대장 점막 조직을 얻어 MacConkey agar 배지에서 배양 후 matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry를 이용해 E. coli를 동정하였고, 동정된 E. coli 균주들의 adhesiveness, invasiveness, 그리고 survival capability를 측정하였다. 동정된 균주들을 cell line에 자극하여 inflammatory cytokine 발현 정도를 측정하였고, PCR을 이용하여 virulence gene의 존재 여부를 확인하였다. 결과: 54명의 IBD 환자들 (크론병 환자 26명, 궤양성 대장염 환자 25명, 베체트 장염 환자 3명) 중 9명의 대장 점막 조직에서 Fusobacterium spp.가 분리되었다 (16.7%). F. varium 이 2균주, F. mortiferum 7균주, F. nucleatum 1균주였다. 이 균주들을 HCT116, SW480 cell line에 자극한 결과 IL-8과 MUC2, MUC5AC 의 발현이 증가된 것을 확인하였다. 또한, lipopolysaccharide 또는 TNF-α를 이용하여 염증 환경을 조성한 후 Fusobacterium spp.를 감염시키면 IL-8 분비와 mucin production이 더욱 증가되는 양상을 보였다. Fusobacterium spp.를 colonic organoid에 처리하였을 때 organoid의 disruption 이 발생하였고, cell line에서와 마찬가지로 IL-8 및 TNF-α의 발현이 증가되었으며, TNF-α를 동시에 처리하여 염증 환경을 조성하였을 때 더 확연히 증가되었다. 다음으로, 42명의 IBD 환자들 (크론병 환자 18명, 궤양성대장염 환자 24명) 및 9명의 건강 대조군 참여자들의 대장 점막 조직에서 총 59개의 E. coli 균주가 분리되었다 (6명의 대조군에서 7개 균주, 16명의 크론병 환자에서 25개 균주, 19명의 궤양성 대장염 환자에서 27개 균주). IBD 환자로부터 분리된 E. coli 균주들은 대조군으로부터 분리된 균주들에 비해 adhesiveness, invasiveness, 그리고 survival capability가 높았다. Adhesiveness, invasiveness, survival capability 모두 일정수준 이상을 보이는 균주는 AIEC로 정의되었는데, 9명의 건강 대조군 참여자 중 2명 (22.2%), 18명의 크론병 환자 중 7명 (38.9%), 24명의 궤양성 대장염 환자 중 9명 (37.5%)에서 AIEC를 보유한 것으로 확인되었다. 분리된 E. coli 균주들을 HEp-2 cell line에 감염시켰을 때, IBD 환자에서 분리된 균주들은 대조군에서 분리된 균주들에 비해 TNF-α 및 IL-17의 발현을 더 증가시켰으며, 여러가지 virulence gene을 더 흔하게 보유하고 있었다. 결론: IBD 환자에게서 분리된 Fusobacterium spp.는 colonic epithelial cell 및 organoid에서 inflammatory cytokine의 발현과 mucin production에 관여했으며 epithelial barrier disruption을 유발했다. 또한 colonic mucosa에서 유래된 E. coli는 대조군과 IBD 환자 모두에서 분리되었는데, IBD 환자에서 분리된 E. coli 균주는 intestinal epithelial cell에 adhesion하고 invasion 하면서 세포 내에서 survival 하는 능력이 높았고, virulence gene을 더 많이 보유하고 있었으며 inflammatory cytokine의 발현을 증가시켜, IBD 환자의 장 점막에서 유래된 Fusobacterium spp.와 E. coli 균주가 IBD pathogenesis에서 중요한 역할을 하는 것을 확인하였다.

소인수복식학급에서 도덕과 교육과정 학년통합과 대화학습

이재곤 대구교육대학교 교육대학원 2003 국내석사

In the course of offering moral instruction to a multiple-year class, this researcher found that the existing teaching method couldn't work no longer, and it seems that it is necessary to approach moral education in the multiple-year class from a new perspective. After delving into a lot of theories and data on the multiple-year class education, integrating different grade curricula and applying the dialogue learning seemed a good way to offer better moral instruction, in the case of different graders in the similar morality-development stages. The reason to attempt curricula integration was that teachers had been likely to lean toward cramming education due to time limit in the multiple-year class moral education And the dialogue learning was adopted because the existing teaching method had not been able to settle the problems with multiple-class moral education. When an integrated curriculum for grades 3 and 4 was organized and the dialogue teaming was utilized, the efforts turned out to bear fruit in many respects. For instance, the integrated curriculum appeared to be successful, and students made a progress in conversation and presentation skills. Besides, they came to Practice what they had learned, while they had a talk with classmates and shared their thoughts and activities. But I think it is possible to have more effects, such as sharing diverse ideas, if the multiple-class size was a little bit big.

敎員의 團體交涉行爲에 關한 法的·制度的 分析

이재곤 東國大學校 大學院 1999 국내석사

Ⅰ. Introduction The Korean Federation of Teachers' Association (KFTA) which h been intended the professional teachers' association since 1992 negotiated and discussed profession problems mostly related to traditional labor issues and professional characteristic expansion except to manage and organize school curriculum and educational administration through negotiation and talk system under the special law for the "Teachers' Status Improvement" (following as the "Teachers' Status Law"). On the other hand, the government has established and promulgated the law regarding the teachers' union establishment and organization (following as "Teachers' Union Law") at January 29, 1999 in consistent with necessity increase of new labor and management relationship building since teachers' requests kept up domestically and Korea signed up as a member of the ILO and the OECD and other international organizations. In response to that, the government can regulate the boundaries of role for the professional teachers association deleting the negotiation and discussion articles which competed "Teachers Union Law" among all related articles with the professional teachers' association specified in the basic law for education and teachers' standing with this "Teachers Union Law" as a turning point. To be concrete, the teachers union is able to discuss items about economic and social status such as wages and welfare and working condition. The professional teachers' association considers financial assistance in regards to teacher training and research activities, which has been possible after professional teachers association discuss a school curriculum and education policy, teaching method and so on with the government. The dualistic policy based on the government's idea to allot a portion of each teachers' association generates big wave at educational fields. Ⅱ. Summary & Conclusion Purpose of this research is to clarify the characteristics of negotiation and discussion with the groundwork of recognition actual and legal matters that the professional teachers' association has been administered under the "Teachers Status Law" and reveal a legal and systematic condition in order for better settlement of teachers' right of collective bargaining for the future. My thesis investigated the sight of teaching profession and the basic right of labor, the concept of collective bargaining 'and its analysis frame. The meaningful point to Korea also investigated by inquiring an international standard and example of international lawmaking. In addition this paper analyzed legally and systematically the bargaining and discussion of the teachers' association and its collective bargaining. First, the reason why the teacher profession requires a speciality is to accomplish the right of being educated for people and the reason we cannot neglect the laboring position also attributes to the fact to provide educator's stable living environment eventually for guarantee the right of being educated. Thus special view and labor view of teaching profession are not opposed to each other but lied at the supplement relationship to save people's right of being educated. It is needless to say that we cannot deny the basic labor rights due to the teachers' special characteristics pending the position. Secondly, teachers' association should work out all procedures and methods in order to amplify teachers' strong bargaining power within the law. Even though the teachers' association can have diverse legal procedures and methods to protect teachers' rights, we should place more weights on the choice what is more practical content rather than justification either the "education concerning law" or "labor concerning law". Thirdly, the international standard of the ILO and the UNESCO urges full guarantee toward the "Labor's Three Rights" for the teachers and teachers' participation broadly on education policy decision. On the other hand, each country has different legal articles on the teachers collective bargaining part in the basis on how teachers' status legalized. For example, Germany and Japan whose teachers hold a public official status mostly legalized wages and working condition and so on. Those countries like Germany and Japan have supported considerably stable legal status, however, only rights for unity and limited collective bargaining are permitted in terms of the teachers' basic labor rights. For other instances, the United States and British which specify teachers as being employed by a contract have considerably satisfactory basic labor rights because teacher is not defined as public officials like Japan and Germany. However all four countries; Germany and Japan, the U.S., British described above, have fully acknowledged the basic labor rights for the private school teachers. Nextly, the professional teachers association has contributed a lot of better profession expansion and treating improvement to teachers since 1992. Nevertheless, it has been endless hot debate that negotiation and discussion in the law can limit the logic in regard to the teachers' basic labor rights. The constitution judgment at Korea has agreed that negotiation and discussion in the law is to save the basic labor right and the prohibition of teachers' union establishment is not valid as the basis of an argument. This decision must be very conservative judgement to emphasize the teachers' relationship mostly as particular one, which leads the characteristic of the labor rights. This judgment cannot be enough basis to completely prohibit basic labor rights for teachers. Lastly, to enact the teachers' union law is greatly evaluated in the sense of teachers' basic labor rights expansion. Nevertheless the collective bargaining right as the most essential item in the teachers' union law is limited the boundary within economic and social status improvement as wages, working condition, welfare and so on. Accordingly, it is unsatisfactory as the framework of policy participant regarding education policy decision which directly related with a teacher's job. In addition the parts about the national assembly's lawmaking and budget estimation rights deny all collective agreements forces. It is unreasonable to exclude those parts involved the national assembly because the education policy item is the management and operation articles. Even if it is not a negotiable article, the participant in the education policy decision should be admitted at least as deliberative part. As for the national assembly's lawmaking and budget estimation parts should be prepared systematic opportunities which enables the teachers' association to join in. Negotiation and discussion and collective bargaining in the "Teachers Status Law" might coexist in reality because the law has different legal basis. However both articles are competitive relationship and actual usefulness of negotiation and discussion lost the meaning by the enactment of the teachers' union law establishment. The argument under hot debate is the role division policy that the government attempts to discuss the general education policy with the professional teachers' association and do collective bargaining economic and social status with the teachers' union. Education policy and professional parts are not separable considering that teachers' union exists for teachers and education. Besides, the professional teachers' association cannot give up social and economic parts of the negotiation and discussion in the reason that the teachers' association founded to intend for teachers' standing improvement including wages and working condition. Therefore to separate the teachers' union and teachers' association and admit only limited rights gives no legal and real power to persuade people and must cause confusion to the diverse areas of education. It is not a helpful policy to separate artificially each teachers' association which consists of same teachers and apply the way to use the rights and laws in order for the better relationship construction. Conclusion in my thesis suggests that the direction for the collective bargaining law should be simplified. Any discriminations should not allow that which law roots toward the legal status and position. Equal opportunities for the basic labor rights have to be provided for the teachers' association that teachers hold equal status. To giv teachers a chance to negotiate welfares and working condition with the government is one way to legally accomplish the collective bargaining right as the most important one in the labor three rights. It is not substantial concerning in the labor's three rights that the form of unity is either the teachers' union or the teachers' association.