전통 탁주의 품질향상을 위한 원료 및 담금 방법의 선정과 특성

이범형 경상국립대학교 대학원 2023 국내박사

This study was performed for quality improvement of traditional raw rice wine (Takju) by fermentation conditions such as differentiation of materials and mashing quantity. Two different mashing type, as doubling type and 3-step type had been established, according to mashing quantity rate during fermentation. The pH and acidity were 3.2~3.7 and 6.3~6.4%, but there were no significant differences in the pH and total acidity between two type of mash. With regards to mashing type, the initial sugar content was 6.7oBrix at doubling type and was 13.8oBrix at 3-step type. At the beginning of fermentation, ethanol content of doubling type mashing was in the range of 0.75%. However, it increased to 16.0% after 11 days of fermentation. Final ethanol content of 3-step type mashing was 14.9% after 9 days of fermentation. The initial amino acid content was 0.6% (doubling type) and 2.3% (3-step type) in order, but final amino acid content was 3.2~3.3% in both. The Sake meter value of Takju was increased in all the samples after the 4th day of fermentation and was showed similar level as 11.3~12.6 after finishing. In the sensory test, there were significant differences in the sweet, bitter, and overall preference between the two types. Quality characteristics of Takju at different fermenting temperatures were investigated during fermentation. The initial pH Takju of was lower fermented at 15℃ the 20℃, but final pH was similar in both. The acidity was slightly increased to 6.25~6.30% during fermentation, but there was no significant difference in both Takju. Alcohol content was increased drastically on 2nd step of mashing and the trend continued until end of fermentation in 15℃ fermenting temperature. The amino acid content was 2.4% and 3.2% in 15℃ fermenting and 20℃ fermenting temperature, respectively. The Sake meter value of Takju was significantly decreased in all the samples until the 3rd day of fermentation and was increased to 11.35~14.0 until finishing day. The major sugars and sugar derivatives in Takju were Meso-erythriol, arabinose, sorbitol, galactose, and they showed higher in doubling mashing than 3 step mashing method. The common acidic compounds were pyrubic acid, lactic acid, and malic acid while 15℃ fermenting temperature led to a higher level in doubling mashing method. Among the 5 different amino acid contents identified, the total free amino acid content, and alanine, proline, glycine, glutamic acid, and tyrosine were high in doubling mashing method at 15℃. There were 13 different types of volatile flavor components, in Takju. Different varieties of starch sources were prepared using streamed rice, puffed rice and mixture of them for Takju, and their quality properties were measured during fermentation. The pH increased gradually until end of fermentation, showed the highest level at Takju using puffed rice. The acidity was maintained at 4.9~5.7%. On the final fermentation, sugar content showed the highest value at 13.3~14.3oBrix in Takju using puffed rice. The amino acid content was 2.8~3.1% in all the samples until the final day of fermentation. The Sake meter value of Takju was dramatically decreased in all the samples after the 3rd day of fermentation but started to increase after next day. After 9 days of Takju fermentation, the addition of starchy source as steamed rice, mixture and puffed rice resulted in Sake meter value of 19.1, 17.2 and 15.1, respectively. There is no significant different in specific gravity in all the samples. The major sugars and sugar derivatives, especially Meso-erythriol, sorbitol, galactose and myo-inositol showed higher level in the Takju using puffed rice. The major organic acids in the Takju were pyrubic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, and citric acid, and they were gradually increased with the number of days in the fermentation process except malic acid and citric acid. All amino acid contents were higher level in the Takju using puffed rice. There were 162 different types of volatile flavor components, in the samples. The fermentation of Takju was performed by adding of different ratio of brewing water as 180%, 200% and 220%. The pH was slightly increased until the final day of fermentation and was 2.8~3.1% in all the samples. The acidity was 5.6~5.8% and there was no significant difference in samples. After finishing Takju fermentation, the ratio of brewing water as 180%, 200% and 220% resulted in sugar content of 12.8%, 12.8% and 11.8%, respectively. And sugar content was showed the lowest level at high ratio of brewing water. Alcohol content was increased during fermentation, and was 19.85%, 18.55% and 17.35% in 180%, 200% and 220% of brewing water ratio, respectively. Amino acid content was showed higher level according to high ratio of brewing water. There was no significant difference in Sake meter value and specific gravity according to ratio of brewing water. In this study, various fermentation methods suggested possibility for enhancement of traditional rice wine Takju. However, it still needed consideration of economic analysis and fermentation efficiency.

평생교육 참여자의 평생교육사 자질에 관한 기대수준 연구

이범형 강남대학교 교육대학원 2014 국내석사

This research was carried out with the purpose to contribute to the organization and management of the lifelong educator training program by classifying the lifelong educators' qualification through their roles like planning, processing, analysis, evaluation and teaching activities which were described in the present "Lifelong Education Law", by investigating and analyzing the lifelong education program participants' expectation level about this. Firstly, after searching the lifelong education program participants' characteristics, the lifelong educators' qualification and competence on the theoretical background, the relevant pilot study was considered. Next the questionnaire survey was carried out with targeting the participants in the educational program organized by the lifelong education center affiliated with 3 universities within the Gyeonggi-province in April, 2014 and the learners who have passed the program in the past 6 months. And then the statistics process was taken. For the statistics process the Simple Frequency Analysis and Crossover Analysis were used in accordance with respondents' sociodemographic characteristics by SPSS Windows Ver. 21, and t-Test, one way ANOVAS(one-way analysis of variance) and Regression analysis were used to analyze the expectation level of lifelong educators' qualification. The research results from the analysis of this research is following; Firstly, as a result of analyzing the difference in awareness of the lifelong educators' qualification in accordance with the program participants' personal background, female by gender, married person by marital status and 60~69 ages by age have higher awareness level of the lifelong educators' qualification in the fields of the planning. Secondly, as a result of analyzing the difference in awareness of the lifelong educators' qualification in accordance with the program participants' personal background, female by gender, married person by marital status, 40~49 ages by age and the respondents with over 3 years of the program participation experience have higher awareness level of the lifelong educators' qualification in the fields of the processing. Thirdly, as a result of analyzing the difference in awareness of the lifelong educators' qualification in accordance with the program participants' personal background, married person by marital status, vocational college graduates by educational background and respondents with over 6 months~1 year of the program participation experience have higher awareness level of the lifelong educators' qualification in the fields of the analysis. Fourthly, as a result of analyzing the difference in awareness of the lifelong educators' qualification in accordance with the program participants' personal background, married person by marital status, vocational college graduates by educational background and respondents with over 6 months ~ 1 year of the program participation experience have higher awareness level of the lifelong educators' qualification in the fields of the evaluation. Fifthly, as a result of analyzing the difference in awareness of the lifelong educators' qualification in accordance with the program participants' personal background, female by gender and married person by marital status have higher awareness level of the lifelong educators' qualification in the fields of the teaching activities. On the basis of this research results we have the following conclusion; Firstly, the high age group of the lifelong education program participants has higher expectation level for the planning, processing and teaching activities than analysis and evaluation. In future this is could be helpful to organize the educational program of the training course for the lifelong educators. Secondly, the participants with the longer participation period in the lifelong education program have higher interest in the fields of processing, analysis and evaluation of the program. Therefore, we should not overlook the fact that the participants with the longer study term have higher interest in the general organization and management of the lifelong educational program. Thirdly, there are not meaningful difference in the above 5 functions in accordance with the participants' educational background and average monthly income. Therefore, it is necessary to let the lifelong educators who are responsible for practicing the lifelong education understand their position and pay attention to the requests by the learners taking part in the present program. Together with such conclusion and on the basis of the above research results, we would like to propose as following; The role and qualification development for the lifelong educators who have responsibility for the lifelong education became the main task, as the state-led policy projects on the lifelong education are expanding together with the coming of lifelong learning society. Therefore, the professional lifelong educators should be educated nationally, through which the competent lifelong educators should be assigned in order to plan, process, analyze, evaluate the lifelong education program and to play the role as a trainer at the same time. Besides the lifelong educators should devote constant effort to pursue their studies, too. 본 연구는 현행 『평생교육법』에 제시되어 있는 평생교육사의 역할인 기획, 진행, 분석, 평가 및 교수활동으로 평생교육사의 자질을 구분하고, 이에 대한 평생교육 참여자들의 기대수준을 조사ㆍ분석함으로써 평생교육사 양성 프로그램 편성과 운영에 기여할 목적으로 실시하였다. 먼저, 이론적 배경으로 평생교육 참여자의 특성, 평생교육사의 자질과 역량을 살펴본 후에, 관련 선행연구물을 고찰하였다. 다음으로, 2014년 4월 현재 경기도 관내 3개 대학교의 부설 평생교육원에서 운영하는 교육 프로그램에 참여하고 있는 수강생들과 최근 6개월 이내에 프로그램을 이수한 학습자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고, 통계처리를 하였다. 통계처리방법은 SPSS Windows Ver. 21을 이용하여 응답자의 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 단순빈도분석과 교차분석을 하였고, 평생교육사의 자질에 대한 기대수준을 분석하기 위해서 독립표본의 t-Test와 one-way ANOVAS(일원변량분석) 및 단계적 회귀분석을 하였다. 본 연구의 분석을 통해 나타난 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기획 분야의 평생교육사 자질을 높게 인식한 응답자는 30세에서 69세의 기혼 여성으로 나타났고, 진행 분야의 자질을 높게 인식한 응답자는 40세에서 49세의 기혼 여성이면서 현재 프로그램 참여기간이 3년 이상인 자였다. 둘째, 분석 분야의 평생교육사 자질을 높게 인식한 응답자는 전문대학을 졸업한 기혼자로서 현재 프로그램 참여기간이 6개월~1년 미만인 자로 나타났으며, 평가 분야의 자질을 높게 인식한 응답자는 전문대학을 졸업한 기혼자로서 현재 프로그램 참여기간이 6개월~1년 미만인 자였다. 셋째, 2009년 개정된 평생교육법에서 평생교육사의 역할로 추가된 교수 분야의 평생교육사 자질을 높게 인식한 응답자는 기혼여성인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 높은 연령층의 평생교육 프로그램 참여자들은 평생교육사의 기획, 진행 그리고 교수역할에 대한 기대수준이 분석과 평가기능에 비해 상대적으로 높았다. 이는 향후 평생교육사 양성과정의 교육과정을 편성하는 작업에 참고가 될 만하다. 둘째, 평생교육 프로그램에 참여한 기간이 길수록 프로그램의 진행, 분석 그리고 평가역할에 대한 관심이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 오랜 기간 동안 학습에 참여할수록 평생교육 프로그램의 전반적인 편성 및 운영과정에 관심을 가지고 있음을 간과하지 말아야 함을 알려준다. 셋째, 평생교육 프로그램 참여자들의 학력이나 월 평균수입이 평생교육사의 5대 기능과는 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않은 점으로 미루어 보아, 평생교육의 실천을 책임지고 있는 평생교육사로 하여금 (자신의 위치를 파악하고-생략) 현재 프로그램에 참여하고 있는 학습자들의 요구에 귀를 기울일 필요가 있다. 이상의 결론과 더불어 본 연구결과를 토대로 다음과 같이 제언하고자 한다. 평생학습사회의 도래와 함께 국가 주도의 평생교육 정책사업이 확대됨에 따라 평생교육을 책임지고 있는 평생교육사의 역할과 자질함양은 중요한 과제이다. 따라서 국가적인 차원에서 전문성을 지닌 평생교육사를 양성함으로써 평생교육 프로그램을 기획, 진행, 분석, 평가하는 동시에 교수자의 역할까지도 수행하는 능력 있는 평생교육사가 배치되어야 한다. 뿐만 아니라, 평생교육사들 역시 부단한 자기연찬을 위한 노력을 경주해야 할 것이다.

북한인권기록물 관리를 위한 메타데이터 요소(안) 연구

이범형 중앙대학교 대학원 2019 국내석사

The purpose of this study is to reflect the characteristics of North Korean human rights records collected and produced for the purpose of punishing perpetrators and compensating victims for future use, and to propose metadata to help the integrated management and utilization of North Korean human rights records generated by various organizations. It wants to propose metadata that can be applied to both private and government agencies, and that complies with international standards and guidelines. For this purpose, first defined the meaning of human rights records and analyzed the type of North Korean human rights records and the collection procedures. In addition, we drew out the characteristics of the domestic North Korean Human Rights Act by comparing the Korean and U.S. North Korean Human Rights Act, and analyzed the guidelines of the U.N. to look into the points of caution during the collection and documentation of human rights violations records. Next, we analyzed three domestic and foreign organizations and two human rights record software to derive common elements and necessary elements for the management of human rights records. Based on the factors derived earlier, the metadata on the North Korean human rights record was presented, and based on the proposal, a person specialized in records management and a person in charge of the North Korean human rights agency was interviewed. While the validity was verified through the interview, the deficient elements were added, and each element was divided into essential and corresponding elements and finally proposed a metadata element for the management of North Korean human rights records. The metadata of North Korean human rights records proposed in this study consists of a total of 15 upper elements and their subordinate elements. The suggested upper elements are composed of 13 essential elements and 2 optional elements, and the metadata presented in this study could provide a foundation for maximizing the future utilization value of North Korean human rights records. 본 연구에서는 미래 가해자 처벌 및 피해자 보상의 목적으로 수집되고 생산되는 북한인권기록의 특성을 반영하고, 다양한 기관에서 생성되는 북한인권기록의 통합적인 관리와 활용을 돕기 위해 메타데이터를 제안하는 것을 목적으로 두고 있다. 민간과 정부 기관 가리지 않고 국내 북한인권단체라면 모두 적용 가능하며 국제 표준 및 가이드라인을 준수하는 메타데이터를 제안하고자 한다. 이에 본 연구는 먼저 인권기록의 의미를 정의하고, 북한인권기록의 유형 및 수집 절차를 분석하였다. 또 우리나라와 미국의 북한인권법을 비교하여 국내 북한인권법만의 특징을 도출해내었고, UN의 가이드라인을 분석하여 인권침해 기록 수집 및 문서화 중 고려할 요소를 분석하였다. 다음으로는 국내외 3개 기관과 2개의 인권기록 소프트웨어를 분석하여 인권기록 관리를 위한 공통요소와 필요 요소를 도출하였다. 도출된 요소를 바탕으로 북한인권기록 메타데이터(안)을 제시하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 기록물관리 전문요원과 북한인권기관 담당자와의 면담을 진행하였다. 면담을 통해 타당성을 검증받는 한편 부족한 요소를 추가하였고 각각의 요소는 필수요소와 해당요소로 구분하여 북한인권기록 관리를 위한 메타데이터 요소(안)을 최종적으로 제안하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 북한인권기록 메타데이터는 총 15개의 상위요소와 그에 따른 하위요소로 구성되어있다. 제안한 상위요소는 13개의 필수요소와 2개의 해당요소로 구성되어있으며, 본 연구에서 제시한 요소(안)을 통해 북한인권기록의 미래 활용 가치를 극대화할 수 있는 기반을 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

A Modeled structure of the Rhamnogalacturonase A -Rhamnogalacturonan-I complex

이범형 Seoul National University, Graduate School 2002 국내석사