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기독대학생들의 문화자아개념이 게슈탈트 접촉경계장애에 미치는 영향
옥보희 한동대학교 상담심리대학원 2009 국내석사
본 연구는 기독대학생들의 문화자아개념이 전반적으로 어떤 특성을 보이는지를 알아보고, 문화자아개념의 4가지 하위유형이 게슈탈트 치료에서 심리적인 문제를 대표하는 접촉경계장애의 6가지 하위유형에 영향을 미치는 요인이 무엇인지를 확인하여, 상담현장에서 기독대학생들에게 필요한 치료의 접근방법 및 방향을 제공할 수 있는 기초자료를 얻기 위한 목적으로 실시되었다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기독대학생들의 문화자아개념은 개인주의경향이 집단주의 경향에 비하여 유의하게 높았다. 둘째, 기독대학생들의 문화자아개념은 수직개인주의 경향과 수직집단주의 경향이 수평개인주의 경향과 수평집단주의 경향에 비하여 유의하게 높았다. 셋째, 기독대학생들은 일반적 특성 중 성별에 따라 문화자아개념에 따른 심리적인 문제에 차이가 있었다. 넷째, 기독대학생들은 수직개인주의 경향이 높을수록 심리적인 문제를 덜 다양하게 가지고 있었다. 다섯째, 기독대학생들은 수평집단주의 경향이 높을수록 심리적인 문제를 더 다양하게 가지고 있었다. 여섯째, 기독대학생들은 수직집단주의 경향이 높을수록 심리적인 문제를 덜 다양하게 가지고 있었다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 다음과 같은 제언을 하고자 한다. 첫째, 서구에서는 게슈탈트 접촉경계장애가 정적관계를 보일 경우 병리적으로 해석하고 있는데, 우리나라에서도 동일하게 보아야하는지에 대해서는 의문이 있다. 둘째, 모든 게슈탈트 접촉경계장애가 역기능적인 역할을 하는 것은 아니다. 접촉경계장애는 문화에 따라 다른 기능을 보일 수 있으므로 문화에 대한 다각적인 면에서 접촉경계장애의 상관관계 여부를 살펴보아야 한다. 셋째, 상담에 대한 태도에 있어서 한국문화에서 집단주의-개인주의적 성향과 상담 및 심리치료에 대한 태도와의 관계 연구에서는 수평적-수직적 성향과 관계가 있었다. 따라서 본 연구결과와 기독대학생의 상담 및 심리치료에 대한 태도와 관계가 있는지 여부를 살펴본다면 기독대학생들에게 더 효과적으로 상담서비스를 할 수 있을 것이다.
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Phenomenological Study on the Counseling Participation Process of the Gambling Addicts In this study, this researcher has sought to draw out the practical meaning of special phenomenon, namely, the experiences of the gambling addicts out of their counseling participation process and gambling addiction counseling process. The central question to meet the goal of this research is, ‘what is the meaning of the effect of the gambling addiction counseling process on the rehabilitation of the gambling addicts.’ With the limited qualifications of the participants as those addicts who have gone through the recovery process of gambling addiction longer than one year and their families, and the gambling addiction counselees who have had experiences of participating in counseling program offered by professional gambling addiction counseling center, this researcher selected total thirty one participants by utilizing the methodology of target sampling for the purpose of selection of participants who fit with the purpose of this research. The period of data gathering was about five months from July 2, 2015 until November 11. This data gathering proceeded by spending sometime between 30 to 80 minutes through individualized in-depth interviews utilizing semi-structured interview guide. After the data was collected, its contents were analyzed according to seven step analytical method that Colaizzi (1978) suggested. Based on the study participants’ interview results, it produced 490 significant statements, 72 formulating meaning, 18 clusters of meaning, and 5 categories. Based on the result of the analysis, the practical meaning of the gambling addicts’ recovering process through the counseling participation experience of the gambling addicts are these: ‘Last choice,’ ‘I trust counseling process,’ ‘I experience a new relationship,’ ‘I learned gambling addiction,’ and “I experience a change.’ It means that it is possible to sustain the recovering practice of gambling addicts in mutual association with chronological level. There was a tendency for the gambling addicts, in spite of the very critical state of gambling addiction prior to their participation in the gambling addiction counseling process, to continue to gamble until they are cornered to participate in the gambling addiction counseling process due to the strong pressures of one’s family. There were many instances where they did not realize their own serious gambling addiction issue as they chose the final option of gambling addiction counseling process offered by counseling center because of their family conflict or as a condition for staying together as a married couple facing the divorce situation, or because of others’ recommendation for counseling while they were being hospitalized without knowing how to solve the gambling habit alone. Most of them were thinking either that they were beginning the gambling addiction counseling process without any expectation as they think they were nearly forced to come against their will, or they were starting with overly exaggerated expectation with a desperate heart as if they were trying to hold on to a straw. These gambling addicts who started the gambling addiction counseling process felt doubtful as to the solution of their gambling addiction matter while they were going through the process feeling awkward and humiliated, felt deep satisfaction due to the fact that they could talk about themselves freely in spite of the fact that their own family members ostracized them who felt deep loneliness, and they also felt open hearts due to the counselors who understood their hearts even though their own family members could not. As the gambling addiction counseling process proceeded, they realized that they themselves were gambling addicts, they regretted their gambling behaviors, felt connectedness with other participants who shared the same pains, and began to practice the recovery process of gambling by making a new life decision. As the family members were participating in the gambling addiction counseling process, they were able to understand the gambling addicts; they felt freedom in their minds by receiving the opportunity to get out of their heavy daily routines focused on gambling problem shared by family members, and thereby had an opportunity of healing. In this process, counselors paid a heartfelt attention to the gambling addicts, took a care for them, listened to them carefully while easing their minds, all of which helped the addicts to regain their strength. At the same time, as they were participating in the professional counseling process, they gradually earned a deeper trust in the gambling addiction counseling process offered by the counseling center. Even though most of their personal relationships have been severed, the gambling addicts explained that their newly formed relationships with the counselors are that of as comfortable as friends and as warm as family. They recognized and appreciated that their turnaround in life has occurred at the counseling center. They came to think that the counseling center is a professional institution of support for the treatment of gambling addiction more than anything else, and it is also a very useful institution as a humane location, open and comfortable, and a place that makes it possible for the gambling addicts and their families who don’t usually reveal about themselves to participate willingly. As a result, the gambling addicts experienced a deeper understanding on gambling addiction, and what follows are the summary of their definition of relapse: ‘one thing that we should never try,” “not to be able to overcome temptation,” “to lose to yourself,’ ‘starting with intention to return to a time when one was addicted to gambling in the past.” The meaning of the practicing the recovery from gambling addiction is ‘to persevere in temptation,’ ‘not to touch it at all,’ ‘when it
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