CDMA 2000 1x EV_DO 무선망 전송속도 측정에 관한 연구

양삼열 전남대학교 2005 국내석사

국내 이동통신 시장은 1984년 SK telecom이 1세대인 AMPS(Advaced Mobile Phone System)방식의 digital cellular system을 도입 서비스를 시작하였고, 2세대를 거쳐 3세대 CDMA 2000 1x EV_DO(1x Evolution_Data Only)까지 진화하였고, 얼마 전에는 DMB(Digital Multimedia Broadcasting)까지 이동통신시장에 가세하여 서비스 중에 있다. 국내 이동통신 사업자들은 현재 IS-95B(2G)와 CDMA 2000 1x EV_DO를 대도시 중심으로 서비스 중에 있으며, 시골이나 이용자가 많이 없는 곳에는 아직까지 동영상과 무선인터넷을 서비스 받을 수 있는 1x EV_DO의 서비스가 제공되지 않고 있다. 따라서 동영상이나 무선 인터넷 서비스를 받으려면 아직까지는 대도시를 중심으로 이뤄지고 있고, 과금 또한 아직까지는 비싼 편이다. 본 논문에서 다루고자 하는 방향은 현재 운용중인 기지국을 최적화 차량에 탑재된 측정툴과 분석툴을 가지고 무작위로 필드 테스트를 거쳐 그 중에서 순방향 data전송율이 좋지 못한 한 지역을 정하여 coverage 성능 분석을 실시하였다. Data 전송율은 기지국의 환경 즉, 인접기지국의 전파세기나 측정 차량 속도에 의해 전송율은 큰 차이를 보였으나 시내 주행인 점을 감안하여 차량 속도는 평균 시속 40 ~ 60Km 속도로 유지하였다. 광천동 기지국과 농성동 기지국간 이동 중에 측정하였던 순방향 data 값과 두 기지국의 경계구간 handoff시 평균 전송속도는 266kbps였는데 인접기지국의 넓은 coverage 때문에 실질적 필드 테스트하려고 했던 기지국의 data 값에 영향을 미처 강한 전파를 방사하는 인접기지국 두 곳(농성2 기지국과 화정4기지국)의 출력을 인위적으로 15dBm정도로 낮춰 놓고 측정하였더니319kbps의 순방향 전송속도를 측정할 수 있었다. 사용자(MS : mobile station)가 이동 중에 있을 때 기지국과 기지국 또는 한 기지국 내에서의 sector간 handoff를 요구하게 된다. 이때(handoff시) 전송속도는 현저히 떨어지게 되거나, download 받고 있던 데이터를 멈추고 우선순위로 handoff를 수행하고 나서 수행 중이었던 데이터를 download 받는 과정에서 호(call)가 drop되거나, 속도 저하를 가져오게 된다. 다수의 상호 기지국들이 상호 간섭을 주는 필드 환경에서 CDMA 2000 1x EV_DO의 coverage를 개선하여 handoff 발생빈도를 줄여 data 전송속도를 높이고, 무선망 coverage를 효율적으로 관리, 운용할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다. The domestic mobile telecommunication market was established in 1984 by SK Telecom introducing and servicing 1st generation method of cellular system of AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System). Through 2nd generation, it progresses up to 3rd generation method of CDMA 2000 1x EV_DO (1x Evolution_Data Only) and even DMB (Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) take sides with current overwhelming mobile market. Currently, the domestic mobile business firms are servicing with IS-95B (2G) and 1x EV_DO especially concentrate in crowded city area in comparison with country area where multimedia services are limited due to lack of subscribers. Therefore, multimedia and wireless services are limited within big cities. Also service fee is still in expensive categories. The purpose of this study is to carry out random field test around operating base station with measuring tools equipped optimization vehicle. From this test, we analyze coverage performance in worst forward data transmit ratio area. Data transmit ration showed big differences dependent on environment factors of base station which represents the strength of radio wave from neighboring sites. Considering this factor, we carry out the test by keeping vehicle speed of approximately 40Km/hr to 60Km/hr. The value of forward data transmit ratio in handoff area of Gwangcheon- dong and Nongseng-dong sites was 266kbps. This value was affected severely by extensive coverage area of neighboring sites (Nongseng2 and Hwajeong4) so, we intentionally drop output power from these sites by 15dBm and measured the value again. Then, the value improved by 319kbps. When user (MS: mobile station) in mobile stage, it requires handoff between sites or sectors. At this stage, the transmit speed drop dramatically or cease download data or drop the call to perform handoff. By improving coverage and effective maintenance of CDMA 2000 1x EV_DO from overwhelming interference field environment between neighboring sites, we could then achieve to reduce frequent handoff and raise data transmit speed.

공공복지전달체계 개선방안에 관한 연구

양삼열 조선대학교 정책대학원 2006 국내석사

Modern societies, with the rapid change of the times of industrialization and informationization, are facing various and complex social problems beyond prediction. In this period at the turning point, psychological pains and economical hardships of life of weak persons in society have been accelerating due to big social changes, while general people's daily lives, in the aspect of the quality of life, have been regressing in a certain way. Thus social welfare should extend its activity regions to economical, social, moral and cultural levels so that it can enhance a decent quality of life as well as meeting basic desire of individuals. Yet because the existing social welfare emphasizes a functional way in solving the social problems, systemization of future-oriented and scientific theory and practice is insufficient. Therefore, we face the needs of the times that now the direction of social welfare should be expanded to a new field to meet the desire of general people, not to mention the weak in society who have special desire. First of all, to properly convey the intention of services related to social welfare to consumers and to produce intended effect, the system that social welfare communication system can convey services appropriately should be formed. It means that it is derived from the lack of speciality. As the result of the study, it was determined that the lack of speciality in welfare policies of the government and the shortage of social welfare budget brought about insufficient communication system itself, and the need of people necessary to be protected could hardly be grasped. In addition, at this time of the turning point of social welfare, the establishment of social welfare communication system was the most important thing calling for prior settlement to enhance the efficiency of social welfare services. Accordingly, we need to improve the present social welfare communication system suitable to be good to social environment at present and to meet people's desire for welfare. The work of the existing social welfare communication system is dualized into the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs, and the system is an agency-centered one which is insufficient in offering special social welfare services. Besides, it is unreasonable and out-of-date system offering only services that is limited by economical condition of consumers of social welfare services and is uniform. In this context, this paper includes the following: Chapter 1 presented the scope and method of the study together with its goal of the social welfare communication system; chapter 2 examined the theoretical background such as the significance of social welfare, and concept, types, principles, function, importance and analyzing factors in the communication system of social welfare, and based upon it developed the theory. On the basis of the actual situation of social welfare communication system, chapter 3 divided into organization, human power, finance and welfare offices and discussed them. On the other hand, chapter 4 presented policy measures about the problems and remedies based upon the content of the actual condition in chapter 3, and chapter 5, centering upon these results of the study, abstracted the conclusion. However, there has no effect in case practice is not accompanied by it although good policy measures are suggested, so to obtain the desired result of improving measures about the communication system, the central government should make an effort to build a policy positively.

慶州崔富者家門의 風水地理立地硏究

양삼열 대구한의대학교 사회개발대학원 2013 국내석사

The Rich Choi Family in Gyeong-ju maintained their wealth for 300 years, covering 10 generations in the Joseon dynasty. The wealth and reputation of the family was primarily caused by the unique philosophy and the art of living, but the Feng-Shui characteristics of the family-related sites was also a main cause. This paper examined the Feng-Shui characteristics of the Rich Choi Family-related sites, and analysed how the Feng-Shui characteristics had played a role in the wealth formation and maintenance of the family. The「I-JO-Ri village」that the family first settled was JangPungGug(藏風局), a Feng-Shui term that implies a basin that is surrounded mountains, and was considered to have the merit of preserving 'SaengGi(生氣)'. It was typical Dol(突) and was one of the four types of Hyeol(穴) - the height of the village land was higher than surrounding area. The Gyodong House had two good mountain ridges that were called the Blue Dragon(靑龍) and the White Tiger(白虎) in Feng-Shui. Especially, the White Tiger had a good effect on the house. Mt. Dodang also faced the house, which was excellent. Wa(窩) and Dol(突) made up a significant portion of Hyeol(穴) at the family's yeum-taek sites(陰宅:feng-shui for the dead), which also featured the good White Tiger(白虎) in Feng-Shui. They were also good in Feng-Shui Ligiron(理 氣論) 경주 최부자 가문은 9대를 거쳐 진사 벼슬을 지냈고. 10대(혹은 12대) 300여 년간 부와 명성을 유지하면서 영남지방 최고의 가문이 되었다. 최부자 가문이 명문가로 자리매김 할 수 있었던 요인은 일차적으로 가문 구성원들의 생활철학과 처세술에 기인하지만, 종가의 풍수지리적 입지도 지대한 영향을 미쳤다고 이해되고 있다. 본고는 종래의 이러한 이해를 바탕으로 경주 최부자 가문의 풍수지리적 입지를 다양하게 분석하여 명예와 부의 형성, 그리고 유지에 어떠한 영향을 주었는가를 연구했다. 최부자 가문은 1대 최진립이 형성하기 시작하여 12대 최준까지 지속되었다. 300년간 만석꾼을 유지할 수 있었던 것은 단순히 개인적 삶만으로는 설명하기 어렵다. 그래서 본고는 최부자 가문 내 중요인물의 음택지와 주거지를 동일하게 중시했다. 음택지는 발복하고, 주거지는 살아있는 동안 길흉화복에 영향을 미치기 때문이다. 최부자 가문의 일차적 주거지였던 이조리 마을은 명당의 지기가 흩어지지 않는 장풍국을 이루고 있으며, 마을 전체가 가운데가 볼록하고 주위가 낮은 전형적인 돌형 형국을 이루고 있었다. 또한 세 갈래의 물줄기가 마을 앞에서 합수하여 북쪽으로 逆流를 하며 흐르니 마을은 부를 이루며 특히 풍수에서는 삼합수 안을 명당으로 본다. 부를 유지하기 위해 교동의 고택은 낮은 배산의 용세를 비보하기 위해 집터를 조성하면서 파낸 흙으로 뒤쪽을 돋우고 그곳에 느티나무와 소나무를 식재하였다. 그 결과 청룡과 백호가 상대적으로 위용을 갖추게 되었고, 백호 끝자락은 최부자댁을 완전히 감사면서 집 앞 남천의 가운데 까지 뻗어 나와 흐르는 물을 잘 거수해주고 있다. 용맥 우측의 쌍귀사는 고택을 향해 강한 힘을 밀어주면서 횡룡으로 입수하였다. 그 결과 고택은 전형적인 와형의 혈자리에정확하게 입지했고, 집 앞의 안산인 도당산은 창고사로 재물이 새나가지 않는 역할을 하고 있다. 음택지는 돌혈과 와혈로 대별되지만, 공통적으로 백호자락이 잘 발달된 특징이 있다. 음택지 모두가 백호자락이 겹겹이 싸여 혈장에 강한 응기작용을 하면서 길격을 이루었다. 특히 묘소 아래쪽에 조성된 선저수가 재물을 쌓아보관하는 역할을 톡톡히 한다. 이 외에도 고택과 묘소의 향법이 자왕향, 태향태류, 자생향으로 이기풍수 이론에 적합할 뿐만 아니라 부와 연관된 백호와 물의 조건들이 최부자 가문의 부와 명예를 유지하는데 지대한 영향을 미쳤다고 이해된다.

경주 최부자 가문의 음·양택 풍수입지 분석

양삼열 대구가톨릭대학교 대학원 2018 국내박사

Gyeong-ju is the traditional place dating back to 1,000 years, and the first ancestor of the Choi family, Chi-won Choi, who was a representative scholar in korea and was well known to China then, was born in the area. His descendents have followed the sprit of classical scholar, succeeded in the family’s fame. As they accumulated lots of wealth later, their fame was widely known nationwide as well as Young-name region. It was said that people who knew the family called them 삼만석 부자(the rich of 30,000 suk, a rice unit) that combined the rich 만석(10,000 suk), the figure 만석(10,000 suk), the civilization 만석(10,000 suk). The family had maintained their wealth for almost 400 years, during 12 generations, and produced 9 진사(chin-sa, a noble title). Many respectful figures came out in the family, so the family became the one of 청백리(cheong bak ri, clean government employee) as well. Also, they were called the rich 3만석(man suk), and lots of treasure comparable to cultural assets were kept for 400 years within the family. This study attempts to explore the interrelationship of Feng-shui location and the family’s wealth and achievement, as yang taek location where the family lived and yin taek location where their ancestors buried are believed to be connected each other. First, The Feng-shui locations of both 이조리(Yijo-ri) and 교동리(Gyodong-ri) have a common characteristic of 행주형국(hangjuhyung-guk, ferryboat shape) and were placed in 역수국(yuksu-guk, reverse water passage shape) so that the villages have the locational characteristics that wealth could be achieved. The water passage flows against the geomorphological characteristics of high north and low south, and high east and low west in Korea. 이조천(yijo-cheon, stream) in different direction from the water passage flows east to west, while hyungsan river flows from south to north direction. These flows are recognized as 역수국(yuksu-guk), and interpreted as 수세형국(susehyung-guk) which is believed to bring prestige and wealth. Likewise, 이조리(Yijo-ri) reveals the shape of protrusion, and the traditional house of gyodong was placed in 와형(wahyung, snailing shpe) so the location has an auspicious shape in Feng-shui terms. Based on a classical yin teak location theory of Feng-shui regarding the ancestors’ burial sites of the family, some ominous and auspicious aspects of the locations are examined. The results show that most burial sites were built in locations evaluated quite favorably. When judging the locations, the choi family is assumed to select burial sites that could be expected to bring descendents’ wealth and achievement as well as the peace of the deceased. In particular, considering the shape of 현무봉(hyunmu bong) behind 혈장(hyul jang, core site), slope of 백호(white tiger) situated on the right side of core site, water passage shape near core site, and so on, the family appears to select yin and yang teak sites that can considerably influence in bringing wealth. The fact that the family could maintain their wealth quite a long time conveys that they understood Feng-shui early and lived their lives with the ways of Feng-shui teaching. This also shows that Feng-shui was a part of their normal lives, respecting their ancestors and serving ancestrial rites as confucianism taught during the Josun dynasty. Many rich people exist in capital society, but it is not common to consistently be respected like the choi family for long time. It is the sprit of the true rich that makes them maintain their wealth and practice charity, and the sprit was based on their own distinctive life philosophy and sacrifice. It can be interpreted that their mercy and virtue for a long time make it possible for them to hand down lots of wealth to their descendents. In recent years, noticing that many corporations disappear less than 100 years, we can take a good example from the family’s distinctive management style, and their mercy and coexistence sprit.

Pyrophyllite를 利用하여 製造한 金雲母-多結晶系 Machinable ceramics에 關한 硏究

양삼렬 全南大學校 大學院 1992 국내박사

Pyrophyllite를 利用하여 熔融法으로 machinable ceramics를 製造하였다. Fluorophlogopite를 含有한 machinable ceramics를 製造한 後 熱的, 化學的 特性의 改善을 目的으로 LAS系의 β- eucrypitite, β-spodumene과 MA5系의 α-cordierite를 fluorophlogopite와 함께 複合結晶化 하였다. 이때 第 2 結晶相의 含有로 因한 機械加工性의 減少를 補償하기 위해 fluorophlogopite (KMg₃AlSi₃O_(10)F₂)의 K^+이온을 Na^+이온으로 置換하였다. 使用한 Pyrophyllite의 特性을 調査 한 後 試藥級 原料를 添加하여 粉碎 混合하고 1450℃에서 1 時間 동안 維持하여 熔融 시키고 熔融物을 graphite mold를 使用하여 成形 하였다. DTA, XRD 分析과 SEM 觀察을 倂用하여 最適 結晶化 溫度와 維持時間을 定한 後, 2段階 熱處理를 行하였다. XRD, EDX로 確認된 主結晶相은 Na-fluorophlogopite와 β-eucryptite, β-spodumene 및 α-cordierite이었으며 이들의 結晶化 條件은 化學組成, 熱履歷, 核形成劑에 依해 變化되었다. 製造한 試片은 熱的, 化學的 特性이 優秀했다. The machinable ceramics was fabricated by melting method using domestic pyrophillite. For the improvement of thermal, chemical properties of machinable ceramics containing fluorophlogopite, β-eucryptite, β-spoduemene of LAS system and α-cordierite of MAS system were complex crystallized with fluorophlogopite. K^+ion of fluorophlogopite(KMg₃AlSi₃O_(10)F₂) was substituted by Na^+, because of compensation of decrease of machinability causing second crystalline phases. After determination of optimum crystallization temperature and time from results of DTA, XRD and SEM, base glasses were heat treated by 2-step schedule. Main crystalline phases identified by XRD, EDX were Na-fluorophlogopite, β-eucryptite, β-spoduemen and α-cordierite, and the crystallization condition of these crystals was varied with chemical composition, thermal history and nucleation agents. The thermal, chemical properties of prepared samples were excellent.