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      • 저소득 편모의 자녀양육스트레스에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구

        안인순 한림대학교 사회복지대학원 2002 국내석사

        RANK : 247631

        This study intends to analyze the factors affecting the stress of widowed mothers in nurturing their children and to determine which factors are effective as the countermeasure for such stresses of widowed mother. Recently, social support and parental locus of control become newly noted as the countermeasure for such stresses. This study focused on finding out whether the social support and parental locus of control may be effective as countermeasure resources to help widowed mothers to adapt themselves to or cope with nurturing stresses. According to these purposes of the study, the assignments were settled as follows: Firstly, whether the personal factors may affect the nurturing stresses of widowed mothers? And whether the parental locus of control, as a factor out of such personal factors, may have the significant effects as a countermeasure resource on their nurturing stresses? Secondly, whether the mother-children factor may affect the nurturing stresses of widowed mothers? And whether the parental locus of control, as a factor out of such mother-children factor, may have significant effects as a countermeasure resource on their nurturing stresses? Thirdly, whether the environmental factors may affect the nurturing stresses of widowed mothers? And whether the social support factor out of such environmental factors may have significant effects as the countermeasure resources on their nurturing stresses? Finally, whether the above three factors such as personal factor, mother-children factor and environmental factor may affect the nurturing stresses of widowed mothers? The subjects were sampled from the widowed mothers who were enrolled as the beneficiary in the Support Service of Lower Income Mother-child Families based on 3 cities in Gangwon Province, such as Chuncheon, Wonju and Gangreung. And Parenting Stress Index, PSI/SF(Abidin, 1990) was used as a survey tool for measuring the nurturing stresses, which was specially adapted by Seo, Hye-young. Moreover, the social support scale was used as same as developed by Park, Ji-won and the Parental Locus of Control scale(PLOC) was used as same as designed by Campis, Lyman and Prentice-Dunn. The data analysis was made by SPSS program and then frequency, Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple regression were respectively analyzed. The result of this study can be summarized as follows: Firstly, it was found that the variables affecting the nurturing stress of widowed mothers in the personal factors included average income and parental viewpoint on fate or coincidence, which means that the lower average income may lead to the higher nurturing stress of widowed mother. And in the parental viewpoint on fate or coincidence, it is shown that the more internal PLOC tendency may lead to the lower nurturing stress of widowed mothers. Secondly, it is found that there is a positive correlation between the dysfunctional mother-children interactions and the nurturing stresses of widowed mothers. It means that the nurturing stress of widowed mothers may be increased by their negative cognition due to the interaction with children such as the problem in accepting children or the difficulties in enhancing child's behavior or language. On the other hand, it was found that there was a negative correlation between the influences of parental life on their children and the nurturing stress of widowed mothers. It means that the more internal tendency of PLOC may lead to the lower nurturing stress of widowed mothers. In other words, as widowed mothers more recognizes that their lives depends upon their own control without any influence of their child's behavior or emotion throughout the life styles such as their friendship, life orientation and daily lives, their nurturing stresses tend to become lower. As a result, it was found that the PLOC with internal tendency becomes a significant countermeasure for their nurturing stress. Thirdly, it was shown that instrumental supports, as a factor out of environmental factors, might affect the nurturing stress of widowed mothers. It means that the more instrumental supports may lead to the lower nurturing stress of widowed mothers. That is, it is found that more material supports, which consist of direct help or assistance such as substitutive works and monetary or material provisions, may lead to the lower nurturing stress of widowed mothers. Finally, as a result of examining the variables of which three factors such as personal factor, mother-child factor and environmental factor as described above, it was shown that such variables included average income, parental viewpoints on fate or coincidence, parental influence, dysfunctional interaction between mother and child, the influence of parental life on their children and the parental effects on the behaviors of their children. When analyzing these results, it was also found that the PLOC with internal tendency was the variable which might reduce the nurturing stresses of widowed mothers and might be also effective as a countermeasure resource for the nurturing stress.

      • 분산 데이터베이스 시스템 환경에서 블록킹 방지를 위한 효율적인 2단계 완료규약

        안인순 弘益大學校 大學院 2002 국내박사

        RANK : 247631

        분산 데이터베이스 시스템에서는 네트워크로 연결된 다수의 사이트에 데이터 아이템이 저장되어 있다. 분산 트랜잭션은 다른 사이트에 저장된 데이터 아이템을 접근하기 하기 위하여 부 트랜잭션으로 나눠서 실행된다. 이때 사이트들 독립적으로 고장이 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 분산 트랜잭션의 원자성 유지는 동시성 제어와 회복규약에서 측정하지 못하면 보장할 수가 없다. 특히, 분산 트랜잭션은 다수의 사이트에서 수행되기 때문에 언제, 어떻게 트랜잭션을 종료할 것인가에 동의해야 한다. 즉 트랜잭션 수행에 참여하는 다수의 사이트는 결과적으로 동의에 도달하고 트랜잭션을 모든 사이트에서 완료할 것인가, 철회할 것인가 결정해야 한다. 이와 같은 동의와 결정을 확신하는 규약을 원자성 완료규약이라 한다. 원자성 완료규약은 참여자 사이트에서 분산트랜잭션을 일관되게 종료할 수 있게 한다. 다른 사이트 고장에도 불구하고 참여자들이 트랜잭션을 확실하게 종료할 수 있다면 이러한 규약을 블록킹 방지(non-blocking) 완료규약이라 한다. 블록킹 완료규약에는 2PC(Two Phase Commit)규약과 2PC 규약을 변형한 Presumed Commit, Presumed Abort 등이 유명하고, 블록킹 방지 완료규약은 3PC(Three Phase Commit)규약과 BC(Backup Commit) 규약, DNB-AC(Decentralized Non-Blockjng Atomic Commitment)등이 제안되었다. 본 논문에서는 블록킹 방지 완료규약인 NB-2PC(Non-Blocking Two Phase Commit) 규약을 제안한다. 2PC 규약을 변형하여 어떻게 블록킹을 방지하게 되는 지 보인다. NB-2PC 규약은 개념적으로 단순할 뿐만 아니라, 메시지 교환 횟수와 규약 수행시간이 3PC 규약 보다 효율적이다. 이 결과를 3PC 규약, 2PC 규약, BC 규약, DNB-AC 규약과 비교하여 성능평가를 통해 보인다. 그리고 NB-2PC 규약에서의 새로운 읽기 전용 트랜잭션의 완료규약 수행을 제안한다. 또한 본 논문에서는 e-logistics 시스템에서 메시지 모델을 설계하고, 메시지 모델에 수정한 NB-2PC 규약을 적용하며, 메시지 모델의 활용 예제를 보인다. 수정된 NB-2PC 규약은 서버들 사이의 메시지 교환 시 일관성을 보장하기 위하여 서버들의 블록킹을 방지할 수 있다. In a distributed database system(DDBS), the data items are stored at multiple sites interconnected via communication network. Sub-transactions are executed in a distributed fashion at different sites based on the location of the data that needs to be accessed. Since sites and communication links can fail independently, the atomicity property of a distributed transaction cannot be guaranteed without taking additional measures besides concurrency control and recovery protocols. Specifically, for a distributed transaction that executes across multiple sites, the sites need to agree on when and how the transaction should terminate. All the sites participating in an executing transaction need to eventually reach an agreement and all agree to either commit the transaction, or abort the transaction. A protocol that achieves this kind of agreement is called an atomic commitment protocol(ACP). An atomic commitment protocol ensures that distributed transactions terminate consistently at participating sites. An atomic commitment protocol is said to be non-blocking if it permits transaction termination to proceed at correct participants despite failures of others. It is well known that the famous Two Phase Commit protocol(2PC) and Presumed Commit, Presumed Abort are blocking protocols, whereas the Three Phase Commit protocol(3PC) is a non-blocking protocol. Other non-blocking protocol such as BC (Backup Commit Protocol), and DNB-AC (Decentralized Non-Blocking Atomic Commitment) are proposed. In this thesis, we propose a Non-Blocking Two Phase Commit(NB-2PC) protocol reducing the blocking problem. We show how non-blocking can be achieved through modifications of the existing Two-Phase Commit(2PC) protocol. The NB-2PC protocol is not only conceptually simple, but also is efficient in terms of the processing time and message complexity compared to the existing 3PC protocol. Performance measures show that NB-2PC protocol is significantly better than the 3PC, 2PC, BC, and DNB-AC protocols. We also proposed a new read-only transaction's atomic commit protocol execution using the NB-2PC protocol. In addition, we designed a messaging model and adapted the modified NB-2PC protocol to the messaging model and showed an example of the workings of the messaging model in the e-logistics system. We provided non-blocking in the modified NB-2PC protocol to preserve consistency during message interchanges between servers.

      • 국어과 교과교실 수업을 통한 창의성 신장 방안연구

        안인순 순천대학교 교육대학원 1999 국내석사

        RANK : 247631

        This study is finding a teaching plan to develop student's creativity in a Korean subject classroom. Presently, the Korean class can not advance to direction to develop student's creativity. The reasons are all circumstances to be subject to restriction and developmental imperfection of a teaching-learning method for advancing creativity. So this study is as follows: 1) finding out a learning method to apply to a Korean class as being made a sacrifice of itself for advanced study for creative development, 2) suggesting a managerial plan to make creative ideas lively in a Korean subject classroom, 3) making a teaching-learning plan to develop creativity and actually applying it in circumstances like a Korean subject classroom. During that time, methods used for creative conception were: Association method, Idea Checklist method, Brainstorming method, PMI method, Attribute Listing method, Forced Relationship method, Analogy, Reduction method, Mind Mapping method, Delphi method, and Lotus Blossom method. In the second chapter, these are suggested as suitable methods for Korean to apply in the scene of the Korean class. In the third chapter, I found out the improvemental direction of a class environment to accomplish creative learning. So I suggested that I would replace the Korean subject classroom with the library, because the library has the most materials in this school and these materials are usable to actualize the Korean class, One case is as follows : how to improve the library and whether the Korean classroom is properly made. In the fourth chapter, I suggested an applicable teaching-learning plan for extension of creativity in the Korean classroom. This teaching plan used a suitable method for a character of lesson among various conceptions of creativity suggested in the second chapter. The teaching domain was a unit such as Lesson 4(literature domain), Lesson 5(writing domain), Lesson 6(reading domain) of the Korean book during second term of third grade. Consequently, I could proceed with a class for development of creativity without a special education program in a regular curriculum performance.

      • 동시 스퍼터법으로 제작한 BSCCO 초전도 박막의 특성에 관한연구

        安仁淳 東新大學校 2002 국내석사

        RANK : 247631

        본 논문은 고품직의 초전도 박막 제작을 목적으로 기초 연구를 수행하였으며, 동시 스퍼터 성막법에 의한 초저속 성장으로 초전도 박막을 제작, 평가 하였다. 이온 빔 스퍼터법에 의한 동시증착으로 BACCO 초전도 박막을 제작한 결과, 낮은 기판 온도에서 Bi 2201의 단상이, 750℃ 이상에서는 Bi 2212 상이 생성되었으며, 어느 막에서나 c축 배향막을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 생성막의 표면은 2차원 도상(島狀) 성장이 이루어졌음을 알 수 있었다. 전기 저항 측정으로 초전도 전이를 조사하여 Bi 2223 상이 박막내에 생성되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며 Bi 2201과 Bi 2212 고용체 막에서는 초전도 전이폭이 좁았으며 이는 Bi 2201 상에 의해 Bi 2212의 결정성이 양호해진 효과로 해석할 수 있다. BSCCO thin films have been fabricated by co-deposition at an ultralow growth rate using ion beam sputtering(IBS) method. The growth rates of the films was set in the region from 0.17 to 0.27 nm/min MgO(100) was used as a substrate. In order to appreciate stable existing region of Bi 2212 phase with temperature and ozone pressure, the substrate temperature was varied between 655 and 820℃ and the highly condensed ozone gas pressure(PO₃) in vacuum chamber varied between 2.×10^-6 and 2.3×10^-5 Torr. Bi 2212 Phase appeared in the temperaturd range of 750 and 795℃ and single phase of Bi 2201 existed in the lower region than 785℃. Whereas, PO₃ dependance on structural formation was scarcely observed regardless of the pressure variation. And high quality of c-axis oriented Bi 2212 thin film with Tc(onset) of about 90 K and Tc(zero) of about 45 K is obtained. Only a small amount of CuO in some films was observed as impurity. and no impurity phase sush as CaCuO₂ was observed in all of the obtained films.

      • 유아교사의 의사소통유형에 따른 직무만족도와 교사-유아관계

        안인순 인천대학교 2018 국내석사

        RANK : 247631

        Abstract The Job Satisfaction and Teacher-Young Children Relation in Accordance with Communication Types of Early Childhood Teachers An, Insoon Major in Early Childhood Education Incheon National University, Graduate school of Education This study aimed to examine the job satisfaction and teacher-young children relation in accordance with the communication types of early childhood teachers. For this, it aimed to understand the communication types of early childhood teachers, and also to analyze differences in the job satisfaction and teacher-young children relation. Conducting a survey targeting teachers working for early childhood educational institutes in Incheon-si, total 236 questionnaires were used for final analysis. Using the SPSS 18.0 Program for data analysis, the descriptive statistical method was used to examine the overall responses to main variables and the sociodemographic characteristics of research subjects. In order to understand differences between research variables, the Chi-test, t-test, and ANOVA were conducted. The results of analyzing research questions set up by this study could be summarized as follows. First, in the results of examining differences of communication types of early childhood teachers, job satisfaction, and teacher-young children relation in accordance with personal variables(age, teaching experience, highest level of education, marital status, and early childhood educational institute), regarding the communication types, the support type was the most. Also, there were statistically significant differences in age and teaching experience. Regarding the age, in the relation with parents, the groups in their 40s or up showed higher job satisfaction than the groups in their 20s and 30s. In the relation with the director, the group in their 40s or up showed the highest, which was statistically significant. Also, regarding the teaching experience, teachers with experience for ten years or up showed high job satisfaction in all the sub-factors, which was statistically significant. Regarding the highest level of education, teachers with the graduation of graduate school showed higher job satisfaction than teachers with the graduation of 2~3-year college, which showed statistically significant differences. Out of sub-factors, there were differences in the relation with parents and working environment. Regarding the working environment, teachers with the graduation of graduate school showed higher job satisfaction than teachers with the graduation of four-year university. The job satisfaction in accordance with the marital status of early childhood teachers showed significant differences while the married showed higher job satisfaction than the unmarried in all the sub-areas. Regarding the teacher-young children relation, there were statistically significant differences in sub-factors of teaching experience, highest level of education, and marital status. Regarding the teaching experience, teachers with experience for less than three years and ten years or up showed higher closeness and lower conflict than teachers with experience for 3-5 years. Regarding the highest level of education, teachers with the graduation of graduate school showed higher job satisfaction than teachers with the graduation of 2~3-year college. Regarding the marital status, the married showed higher closeness and lower conflict than the unmarried. Second, in the results of examining the job satisfaction in accordance with the communication types of early childhood teachers, there were statistically significant differences. The job satisfaction in accordance with the communication types of early childhood teachers was the highest in the directive type, and the lowest in the considerate type, which showed statistically significant differences. In each sub-factor of job satisfaction, the directive type showed the highest relation with children, relation with the director, relation with parents, and career experience & reward while the support type showed the highest job satisfaction in the relation with colleagues and working environment, which showed statistically significant differences. Out of the communication types, the considerate type showed the lowest job satisfaction in the relation with children, relation with the director, and career experience & reward. Regarding the working environment, the directive type showed the lowest job satisfaction while the emotional type showed the lowest job satisfaction in the relation with colleagues. Third, reviewing the teacher-young children relation in accordance with the communication types of early childhood teachers, the support type showed the highest closeness, which was statistically significant. Regarding the conflict, the considerate type was the lowest and the emotional type was the highest, which did not show statistically significant differences. Keywords: Communication Type, Job Satisfaction, Teacher-Young Children Relation, Teacher Tendency, Teacher Speech 국문초록 유아교사의 의사소통유형에 따른 직무만족도와 교사-유아관계 본 연구에서는 유아교사의 의사소통유형에 따른 직무만족도와 교사-유아관계를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 유아교사의 의사소통유형을 알아보고, 그에 따른 직무만족도와 교사-유아관계에 대하여 차이를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 규명하기 위해 인천시 유아교육기관에서 근무하는 교사를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 총 236부를 최종 분석 자료로 사용하였다. 자료 분석을 위해 SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 사용하였고 연구대상자들의 사회인구학적 특성과 주요변인에 대한 전반적인 응답결과를 살펴보기 위해 기술통계방식을 사용하였으며, 연구변인들 간의 차이를 알아보기 위해 카이검증, t-test와 일원변량분석(ANOVA)로 검증하였다. 본 연구에서 설정된 연구문제의 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유아교사의 의사소통유형, 직무만족도, 교사-유아관계를 개인변인(연령, 교직경력, 최종학력, 결혼유무, 유아교육기관)에 따른 차이가 있는지 살펴본 결과, 의사소통유형은 지원형이 가장 많이 나타났다. 또한 연령과 교직경력에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 연령에서 학부모와의 관계에서 20대와 30대보다 40대와 40대 이상의 집단이 직무만족도가 높으며 원장과의 관계는 40대 이상의 연령이 가장 높았고 이는 통계적으로 유의미하게 나타났다. 또한 교직경력 중 10년 이상의 교사가 모든 하위요인에서 직무만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났으며 이는 통계적으로 유의미하였다. 최종학력 중 2~3년제 대학을 졸업한 교사보다 대학원을 졸업한 교사의 직무만족도가 높았으며 이는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다. 하위요인중 학부모와의 관계와 근무환경에서 차이가 나타났으며 근무환경에서는 4년제 대학을 졸업한 교사보다 대학원을 졸업한 교사의 직무만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 유아교사의 결혼여부에 따른 직무만족도에서 유의미한 차이가 있었으며 기혼자가 미혼자보다 하위영역 모두 높은 직무만족도를 나타냈다. 교사-유아관계에서는 교직경력, 최종학력, 결혼여부에 대한 하위요인에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다. 교직경력에서 3년 미만과 10년 이상의 교직 경력의 교사들이 3~5년 미만의 교사들보다 교사-유아관계에서 친밀감은 높고 갈등감이 낮다는 결과가 나타났다. 최종학력 중 2~3년제 대학을 졸업한 교사보다 대학원을 졸업한 교사의 직무만족도가 높았으며, 결혼여부에서는 기혼자가 미혼자보다 친밀도가 높고 갈등감은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 유아교사의 의사소통유형에 따른 직무만족도를 살펴본 결과 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났으며, 유아교사의 의사소통유형에 따른 직무만족도는 지휘형이 가장 높게, 사려형이 가장 낮게 나타났고 이는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다. 직무만족도의 하위요인별로 살펴보면 아동과의 관계, 원장과의 관계, 학부모와의 관계, 경력과 보상에서 지휘형이 가장 높았고, 동료와의 관계와 근무환경의 요인에서 지원형이 가장 높은 직무만족도를 나타냈으며 이는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다. 의사소통유형 중 사려형은 아동과의 관계, 원장과의 관계, 경력과 보상의 요인에서 가장 낮은 직무만족도를 나타냈고, 근무환경에서는 지휘형이 동료와의 관계에서는 감정형이 가장 낮은 직무만족도를 나타냈다. 셋째, 유아교사의 의사소통유형에 따른 교사-유아관계를 살펴보면 친밀감에서 지원형이 가장 높게 나타났고 이는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다. 갈등감에서는 사려형이 가장 낮고 감정형이 가장 높게 나타났으나 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없었다.

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