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통일신학에 있어서의 교회와 국가의 관계에 관한 한 연구 : 칼빈 두정부론과의 비교를 중심으로
신형필 선문대학교 신학전문대학원 2003 국내석사
기독교 역사를 통해서 보면 교회와 국가의 관계성에 따라 삶의 존재양식은 계속 변화하고 적응하였으며 또한 인류는 시대의 변화에 따라 교회와 국가의 새로운 관계성을 요구하였다. 칼빈은 기독교 역사상 가장 큰 변화의 시기였던 종교개혁기의 신학자로서 과거에 잘못 표현되었던 교회와 국가 그리고 그 관계성을 새롭게 재정립하였다. 과거의 교회와 국가와의 관계는 황제교황주의나 교황지상주의의 두 주장 사이에서 해결되지 않는 복잡하고 미묘한 역사적 사건을 표출하였다. 두 영역 사이의 갈등과 대립은 분명한 목적의식 없이, 서로의 주도권 싸움으로 일관하는 양상을 띠었다. 국가는 교회를 장악함으로써 자신의 통치 기반구축과 권력 장악의 명분을 얻고자 하였고, 교회는 후천년설적인 교회의 세속 지배를 영속화하고자 하였다. 칼빈은 이러한 역사적 모순을 파악하고 종교개혁으로 빚어진 시대변화의 원인이 여기에 있음을 간파하였다. 이에 칼빈은 제정분리를 원칙으로 하는 교회와 국가 그리고 그 관계성을 주장하였다. 인간은 교회와 국가의 이중통치아래 존재한다고 설명하였으며 교회와 국가의 영역구분을 강조하였다. 그리고 이처럼 제정분리를 기준으로 하는 교회와 국가 그리고 그 관계성의 내용을 토대로 하여 이 땅위에 제정일치된 하나님 나라는 세울 수 없음을 분명히 하였다. 이러한 제정분리를 기준으로 하는 칼빈의 교회와 국가 그리고 그 관계성의 내용은 오늘날까지 많은 영향을 미치고 있다. 그러나 우리는 새천년의 시대를 맞이하여 교회와 국가의 새로운 관계성을 요구하고 있다. 왜냐하면 우리는 오늘날 정치로부터 종교가 완전히 분리되는 것은 불가능하며, 또한 바람직하지 않은 시대에 살고 있기 때문이다. 냉전시대 이후 모두가 평화의 세계를 원하였지만 국가(정치)의 힘만으로는 불가능한 것이 현실의 모습이기 때문이다. 제정분리를 기준으로하는 칼빈의 교회와 국가의 관계성은 오늘날 모두가 원하는 평화의 세계를 만드는 삶의 존재양식이 될 수 없는 것이다. 여기에 통일원리는 하나님의 복귀섭리에 대한 내용을 새롭게 밝히고 있다. 그리고 통일신학은 이를 근거로 하여 제정일치를 기준으로 하는 교회와 국가 그리고 그 관계성을 이야기하고 있다. 통일신학은 하나님의 복귀섭리의 내용에 근거하여 제정일치된 하나님 나라를 이 땅위에 세울 것을 주장한다. 본 논문은 교회와 국가 그리고 그 관계성에 대하여 통일신학의 내용과 칼빈의 내용을 비교함으로써 오늘날 새롭게 요구되어지는 삶의 존재양식에 답하고 있다. Throughout the Christian history, the modes of existence in life continued to change and adapt themselves according to the relevance between the Church and the State and mankind also demanded new relevance between them as ages changed. Calvin, a theologian in the Reformation which was the period with the greatest changes in the Christian history, newly reestablished the Church and the State which were erroneously expressed in the past and their relevance. The relation between the Church and the State in the past exposed complex and delicate historical events not solved between the two assertions of Caesarpapism and Ultramontanism. The conflict and opposition between the two areas assumed the aspect of consistently struggling with each other for a leadership without any clear sense of purpose. By controlling the Church, the State tried to construct its own ruling base and justify the control. The Church tried to perpetuate its secular domination in postmillennialism. Calvin understood such historical contradiction and saw through that it resulted in age changed by the Reformation. He herewith asserted the Church and the State with separation of church and state as their principle and their relevance. He explained that man existed under the dual rules of church and state and stressed that the areas of church and state should be divided. And he made clear that based on the contents of church and state on the basis of separation of church and state and their relevancy and that the Kingdom of God with unity of church and state could not be built on the earth. Calvin's church and state on the basis of separation of church and state and their relevancy have many effects even today. We are demanding the new relevancy between church and state welcoming the age of a new millennium. It is because we live in the age when it is impossible and also undesirable to completely separate religion from politics. It is because it is actually impossible for state (politics) to realize for itself the world of peace desired by every one after the Cold War. Calvin's relevancy between church and state on the basis of separation of church and state cannot becomes the mode of existence in life of creating the world. Here, the principle of unification newly clarifies the contents about divine providence that sinners return to God. And based on it, Unification Theology talks about church and state on the basis of unity of church and state and their relevancy. The theology asserts that the Kingdom of God should be built on the earth based on the contents about the divine providence. This thesis provides answers for the modes of existence in life newly demanded today by comparing the contents of the theology and Calvin about church and state and their relevancy.
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통일신학으로 본 교회와 국가의 관계에 관한 한 연구 : 칼빈 투정부론과의 비교를 중심으로
신형필 선문대학교 신학전문대학원 2004 국내석사
Throughout the Christian history, the modes of existence in life continued to change and adapt themselves according to the relevance between the Church and the State and mankind also demanded new relevance between them as ages changed. Calvin, a theologian in the Reformation which was the period with the greatest changes in the Christian history, newly reestablished the Church and the State which were erroneously expressed in the past and their relevance. The relation between the Church and the State in the past exposed complex and delicate historical events not solved between the two assertions of Caesarpapism and Ultramontanism. The conflict and opposition between the two areas assumed the aspect of consistently struggling with each other for a leadership without any clear sense of purpose. By controlling the Church, the State tried to construct its own ruling base and justify the control. The Church tried to perpetuate its secular domination in postmillennialism. Calvin understood such historical contradiction and saw through that it resulted in age changed by the Reformation. He herewith asserted the Church and the State with separation of church and state as their principle and their relevance. He explained that man existed under the dual rules of church and state and stressed that the areas of church and state should be divided. And he made clear that based on the contents of church and state on the basis of separation of church and state and their relevancy and that the Kingdom of God with unity of church and state could not be built on the earth. Calvin's church and state on the basis of separation of church and state and their relevancy have many effects even today. We are demanding the new relevancy between church and state welcoming the age of a new millennium. It is because we live in the age when it is impossible and also undesirable to completely separate religion from politics. It is because it is actually impossible for state (Politics) to realize for itself the world of peace desired by every one after the Cold War.Calvin's relevancy between church and state on the basis of separation of church and state cannot becomes the mode of existence in life of creating the world. Here, the principle of unification newly clarifies the contents about divine providence that sinners return to God. And based on it, Unification Theology talks about church and state on the basis of unity of church and state and their relevancy. The theology asserts that the Kingdom of God should be built on the earth based on the contents about the divine providence. This thesis provides answers for the modes of existence in life newly demanded today by comparing the contents of the theology and Calvin about church and state and their relevancy.
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