國內建設工事 保險制度 改善方案 : "L"사의 事例를 中心으로

박병창 中央大學校 1998 국내석사

傷寒全生集․足太陽經見證治例 등에 대한 硏究

박병창 동신대학교 일반대학원 2009 국내박사

The content of SangHanJeonSaengJip(傷寒全生集) is divided into four parts, volume Won(元) Hyeong(亨) Li(利) Jeong(貞). In volume Won(元), there is an introduction at the fore part, and diagnosis method, pulse method, positive exogenous febrile disease, similar exogenous febrile disease(類傷寒), discrimination of epidemic febrile disease and cold Yin syndrome, disease-transformation between Yin&Yang, Combination of syndromse, Wind warm syndrome(風溫) by superficiality-origin, exterior-interior, Yin-Yang, cold-heat, and deficiency-excess are discussed. In volume Hyeong(亨), there are fever and aversion to cold etc, twenty nine symptoms which are seen in Disease of three Yang channels, in volume Li(利), there are statements and use of medicine about chest bind, gastric stuffiness, and syndrome of amentia etc, twenty seven symptoms, and in volume Jeong(貞), a characteristic of disease-pattern and use of medicine about disease of three yin channeles, sudden severe vomiting&diarrhea(霍亂), Yin-Yang transmission, female exogenous febrile disease, Pestilence, epidermic disease etc, sixty five symptoms are discussed. So it is more convenient in clinical use. Also after Won(元) dynasty, it influenced a study on cold damage and at EuHakIpMun(醫學入門), SangHanYukSeo(傷寒六書) was quoted almost all. On treatments there are many prescriptions which JangJungKyeong(張仲景) didn't invent. And it contributed much to an classification of internal and external damage. So at this thesis, I single out twenty chapters in contents of volume 元 corresponding to an introduction, among SangHanJeonSaengJip(傷寒全生集) where there are a theory on external contraction disease and pattern identification and treatment intensively. From chapter 1 to chapter 6, I discussed meridian vessel, symptoms, pulse diagnosis, pattern identification, use of medicine of disease of six channels in detail and in chapter 7, I discussed what is first, when pulse and disease-pattern don't agree, and in chapter 8, I discussed pattern and pulse of DaeCheongRyongTang(大靑龍湯) syndrome and a new prescription according to that, and in chapter 9, I discussed pulse of cold damage disease and disease discrimination and treatment according to the pulse, and in chapter 10, I discussed symptoms that in the future a patient will face crisis, because the state of a disease is an emergency, and in chapter 11, I discussed treatment of lesser yin pulse of greater yang disease and, of greater yang disease pattern of lesser yin disease, and from chapter 12 to chapter 19, I discussed dispelling in febrile disease, sweating in febrile disease, vomiting in febrile disease, warming in febrile disease, etc. of cold damage disease by turns, and in chpater 20, I discussed an principle of medicine usage and medicine combination of cold damage disease treatment. In accordance with this, I think that pulse pattern and treatment of disease of six channels, a principle of pulse state, judgement on right or wrong of pulse diagnosis, diaphoresis, dispelling in febrile disease, sweating in febrile disease, vomiting in febrile disease, warming in febrile disease, etc. of cold damage and medicine combination are important when I research cold damage and warm disease study. So I orderly research revision, annotation, rendering and an investigation.

레지오 에밀리아의 敎育課程 : 多象徵的 接近법을 中心으로

박병창 조선대학교 교육대학원 2004 국내석사

수치모델링을 이용한 하수처리공정 에너지 절감 및 바이오가스 생산 향상

박병창 충북대학교 2023 국내박사

The amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs), which accelerates global warmming, is increasing every year. The GHGs emission especially accounts for a large proportion in the electricity and heating sectors. The intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) has reported that average temperature will exceed 1.5°C compared to the pre-industrialization level by 2040. Accordingly, countries around the world are making efforts to reduce GHGs emissions along with the Paris Agreement and the implementation of carbon neutrality. Energy saving and carbon neutrality are also urgent tasks for public sewage treatment facilities, one of the fields of GHG emission. Various attempts have been made to reduce GHGs from sewage treatment facilities, such as producing more biogas and reducing energy consumption. This study aims to analyze the energy consumption and to estimate the energy reduction on the present public sewage treatment facilities by applying low soild retention time (SRT) and high separation efficiency of primary sludge. Various scenarios for energy saving were set for the existing 280,000㎥/day sewage treatment plant, and the effects of operating factors were simulated using a numerical model (GPS-X). SRTs (5, 10, and 20 days) effects were evaluated on energy consumption (electricity) and biogas recovery by simulating sludge production at each SRT in the sewage treatment process. The lowest power consumption per day was 35,395 kWh, which occurred on SRT of 5 days, and was 43.8% lower than the 62,924 kWh simulated on SRT of 10 days (existing operating conditions). This is because the amount of waste activated sludge increases at low SRT, which can reduce aeration energy for oxidizing organic matter in the aeration tank as well as increase biogas production. The next scenario simulated changes in biogas production and aeration energy savings when a primary sludge separation efficiency of 60 to 80% was applied. The higher the separation efficiency of the primary sludge, the higher the biogas production. Biogas production increased by 25.0%, 21.4%, and 32.7% at 5, 10, and 20 days of SRT, respectively, when the primary sludge separation efficiency increased from 60% to 80%. Even if the primary sludge separation efficiency increased, the rate of change in effluent water quality did not change significantly within 5.4% and was maintained below the effluent standard concentration. The maximum energy saving occurred at scenario R7 (SRT of 5 days, primary sludge separation efficiency of 80%), which could reduce 43.7% of power consumption compared to R1 (SRT of 10 days, primary sludge separation efficiency of 60%). Biogas production in R7 was improved by 106.2% and 41.0%, respectively, compared to R1 and R2. Biogas production was 15,383 ㎥/d (9,730 kWh when converted into electricity) when primary sludge separation efficiency was 80% and 5-day SRT was applied. The daily power used for aeration under R7 condition was 35,395 kWh, which was 56.3% compared to 62,924 kWh under 10-day SRT. Total daily energy consumption was 25,665 kWh, 44.1% and 45.8% lower than the R1 and R2 scenarios, and GHG emissions could be reduced by 14,949 kgCO2eq/d and 13,947 kgCO2eq/d, respectively. Scenario R7 applied low SRT and high primary sludge separation efficiency to save energy and increase biogas production. However, under this condition, it is difficult to efficiently remove nitrogen by the conventional nitrogen removal process(integration of nitrigication with denitrification). The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) process is a method that can efficiently remove nitrogen and reduce energy consumption under conditions of low organic matter concentration. When the ANAMMOX process was applied instead of the conventional nitrogen removal process for nitrogen removal in the R7 scenario, the concentration of organic matter (TCOD) in the effluent was lower at 19.1 mg/L compared to 25.5 mg/L for R7. It was confirmed that the T-N concentration was also improved to 8.9 mg/L compared to 17.0 mg/L of R7. In addition, when the ANAMMOX process is applied, since an external carbon source for the denitrification process is not required and aeration energy can be saved, the net energy consumption is 7,557 kWh, which can save about 50,649 kWh compared to scenario R1. Since the ANAMMOX process has not yet been sufficiently developed and has been reported to be sensitive to operational factors such as temperature change, C/N ratio, and free ammonia concentration, further research is needed on the application of the ANAMMOX process for nitrogen removal from sewage.

서울지역 서어나무군집의 군집구조분석

박병창 삼육대학교 대학원 2009 국내석사

국문초록 본 연구는 우리나라 중부지방의 가장 안정된 산림에서 형성되는 서어나무군집 중, 서울 3곳과 광릉의 서어나무 군집구조를 비교분석하여 서울의 서어나무 산림군집의 특성을 도출하고, 이를 바탕으로 서울 서어나무군집의 관리대책을 마련하기 위한 기초자료 제공을 위해 조사하였다. 1. 식물상 삼육대 서어나무 군집지역에서 조사된 식물은 총 22과 31종이었고 목본 귀화식물은 3과 3종, 도봉산 서어나무 군집지역에서 조사된 식물로 총 20과 31종이었고 목본 귀화식물은 3과 3종, 진관 서어나무 군집지역에서 조사된 식물은 총 21과 31종이었으며, 광릉 서어나무 군집지역에서 조사된 식물은 총 27과 40종이었다. 모든 지역에서 초본 귀화식물이 관찰되지 않은 것은 서어나무 군집지역이 음지이고, 두꺼운 낙엽층으로 인해 대부분 양지식물이고 풍매화인 귀화식물이 정착하기 어렵기 때문이었다. 2. 식물군집 구조분석 삼육대 서어나무 군집지역은 서어나무가 교목층(I.V.:75.57%), 아교목층(I.V.:78.45%)에서 우점하였고, 관목층(I.V.20.37%)에서도 철쭉 다음으로 우점하였지만, 철쭉은 낙엽 관목이라서 서어나무가 계속적으로 우점할 것으로 예상되었다. 그러나 토양이 산성화되고, 무기영양소․유기물 함량이 낮은 건조한 곳에서 잘 자라는 팥배나무와 쪽동백나무가 출현하고 있어 계속적인 모니터링이 필요할 것이다. 또한 관목층에서 일본목련, 은행나무가 나타나고 있어 향후 식생교란이 예상되었다. 도봉산 서어나무 군집지역은 교목층에서 현사시나무(I.V.:33.81%)와 서어나무(I.V.:29.37%)가 경쟁하였고, 아교목층(I.V.:65.81%)에서는 서어나무가 우점하였다. 또한 관목층(I.V.:23.74%)에서도 서어나무, 현사시나무, 팥배나무가 경쟁하고 있었다. 이 지역은 자연림에 현사시나무, 아까시나무, 밤나무를 인공식재한 지역이지만 서어나무림으로 천이가 일어나는 곳이었다. 그리고 관목층에서 사철나무, 일본목련, 쥐똥나무가 나타나고 있어 향후 식생교란이 예상되었다. 진관 서어나무 군집지역은 교목층(I.V.:54.21%), 아교목층(I.V.:86.22), 관목층(I.V.:43.26%)에서 서어나무가 우점하고, 삼육대․도봉산 서어나무 군집지역에서 관찰된 교란종이 없어, 앞으로 계속적으로 서어나무림으로 유지될 것으로 예상되었다. 광릉 서어나무 군집지역은 교목층에서 서어나무(I.V.:84.08%)가 우점하였고, 졸참나무(I.V.:15.92%)가 출현하였다. 아교목층에서는 산딸나무, 개옻나무와 경쟁하였지만 높게 자라는 나무가 아니라서 계속적으로 서어나무가 우점할 것이었다. 그러나 관목층에서 서어나무 치수보다는 단풍나무, 덜꿩나무, 팥배나무, 물푸레나무 치수 등이 많이 자라고 있어, 향후 우점수종의 추이는 계속적인 관찰이 필요하다. 3. 종다양성지수 종다양도는 삼육대 서어나무 군집지역 0.9673, 도봉산 서어나무 군집지역 0.8577, 진관 서어나무 군집지역 0.7399, 광릉 서어나무 군집지역이 1.1769이었고, 우점도는 삼육대 서어나무 군집지역 0.1611, 도봉산 서어나무 군집지역0.2063, 진관 서어나무 군집지역 0.2546, 광릉 서어나무 군집지역이 0.1581로 나타났다. 광릉 서어나무 군집지역과 비교해서 종다양도, 최대다양도, 균재도는 안정화될수록 높아지고 우점도는 안정화될수록 낮아진다. 그러므로 세 조사지역 중 종다양도, 최대다양도, 균재도가 가장 높고 우점도가 가장 낮은 삼육대 서어나무 군집지역이 가장 안정화되었다고 볼 수 있었다. 4. 유사도지수 서울지역간의 유사도지수는 최저 19.46%에서 최고 60.47%까지 나타나고 있었다. 그러므로 서울의 서어나무 군집지역은 80%이상의 동질은 아니지만 유사성이 있다고 볼 수 있었다. 광릉지역과의 유사도지수는 최저 11.04%에서 최고 35%까지 나타나고 있었다. 서울지역간과 비교해서 광릉지역과 비교한 곳의 평균유사도지수가 낮은 것은 서로 다른지역은 종이 이질적으로 나타나기 때문이었고, 서울 세 지역에서 광릉지역과 평균유사도지수가 가장 높은 삼육대지역이 다른 두지역보다 산림이 안정화되었다고 할 수 있었다. 5. 토양조사 삼육대 서어나무 군집 지역이 pH4.25, 도봉산 서어나무 군집지역이 pH4.47, 진관 서어나무 군집지역이 pH4.55, 광릉 서어나무 군집지역이 pH4.90으로 삼육대 서어나무 군집지역의 산성도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 서울 서어나무 군집지역의 pH와 종다양도 및 우점도의 상관관계는 약산성으로 갈수록 종다양도는 낮아지고, 우점도는 높아진다. 그러나 광릉 서어나무 군집지역은 약산성으로 갈수록 종다양도는 높아지고, 우점도는 낮아진다. 그러므로 서울의 서어나무 군집지역 중 가장 안정되었던 삼육대 서어나무 군집지역이 최근 산업화, 도시화, 지구온난화 같은 지구환경변화 등과 함께 인위적․자연적 산림생태계의 변화로 산림토양 특성에 영향을 다른 두 서어나무 군집지역보다 많이 받고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 6. 생장량 분석 서어나무는 1년동안 1.5~5mm씩 생장하고 최근에 생장이 둔화되었다. 년도별로 생장량이 지역적 차이를 보이는 것은 서어나무가 지역적 토양과 기후의 영향을 받기 때문이었다. 서울지역에서 삼육대가 도봉산·진관 지역보다 생장량이 낮게 나타나는 것은 삼육대 지역이 화강암이 풍화된 조립질 사토라서 입자간 응집력이 매우 약하며, 토심이 얕아 토양구조가 발달되어 있지 않기 때문에 식물의 정착과 생육을 어렵게 하기 때문인 것으로 예상된다. 주요어: 균재도, 극상림, 상대우점치, 식물상, 우점도, 종다양성

半導體集積回路 配置設計의 保護에 關한 硏究

박병창 建國大學校 産業大學院 1990 국내석사

The legal protection of semiconductor integrated circuit layout against chip piracy came to be recognized as necessary for securing chip originator investment devoted to optimizing the layout. The existing forms of intellectual property can not protect a new semiconductor chip, for the chip is neither a part of the traditional subject matter of copyright, nor an invention with which the patent laws are concerned. The first legislation for protecting semiconductor chip was taken in the United States of America in 1994. Thereafter, 10 developed contries adopted measures similar to that of U.S. A WIPO established the draft of international treaty for protecting chips in May, 1989. Most contries adopted semiconductor chip protection policies confer originators who design new chip the exclusive right for ten years to manufacture, sell, and import it in their own territory. The chips of which layout design is not only identical but also substantially similar to the registered design are regarded as infringing products upon the exclusive right. However, precise rule for standards of similarity judgment has not been established yet. Deficiency of such an standard would cause many problems in managing the semiconductor chip protection system. To prevent from being involved disputes on semiconductor chip infringement in the developed contries, and to prepare for the adoption of chip protection policy in our country, that is expected in near future, our semiconductor industries have to make the considerable amount of investment for the development of new or improved chips.

CFD를 이용한 패들교반속도에 따른 속도경사 및 총물질전달시간 산정

박병창 충북대학교 2014 국내석사

Velocity gradient, G, a measure of the average velocity gradient in the fluid has been applied for complete mixing of chemicals in mechanical mixing devices. G values were calculated with the power input transferred to fluid in turbulent and transient range. Chemical reactions occur so fast that total mass transfer time required for even distribution of the chemicals determines the overall reaction time. The total mass transfer time is composed of the time for complete mixing through the reactor and for diffusion of the chemicals into the eddy. Complete mixing time was calculated with CFD (Computational fluid dynamics) and evaluated by tracer tests in 2 liter jars at different rotating speeds. Turbulent range, Reynolds number above 10,000 in regular 2 liter jars occurred at revolution speed above 100 rpm (revolution per minute), while laminar range occurred at revolution speed below 10 rpm. A typical range of rotating speed used in jar tests for water and wastewater treatment was between 10 and 300 rpm, which covered both transient and turbulent range. G values supplied from a commercial jar test apparatus showed big difference from those calculated with power number specially in turbulent range. Diffusion time through eddy decreased 1.5 power-law of rotating speed. Complete mixing time determined by pumping number decreased increases in rotating speed. Total mass transfer time, finally, decreases as rotating speed increases, and it becomes 1 sec at rotating speed of 1,000 rpm. Complete mixing times evaluated from tracer tests showed higher than those calculated with power number at higher rotating speed. Complete mixing times, however, calculated from CFD showed similar to those of experimentally evaluated ones.

傷寒全生集·足太陽經見證治例 등에 대한 硏究

박병창 東新大學校 2009 국내박사

코인시던스 기법을 이용한 DS/SS 패킷 라디오의 코드 동기에 관한 연구

박병창 연세대학교 1990 국내석사

傷寒明理續論중 發黃외 10證에 대한 硏究

박병창 東新大學校 大學院 2005 국내석사

The treatment principles and primary formulae is that harmonize construction and defence for the wind strike; open the interstices and promote sweating for the cold damage. The two basic patterns of great yang exterior disease, wid strike and cold damage, are each treated with a basic fomular. For wind strike exterior vacuity patterns, Cinnamon Twig Dedoction(桂枝湯) is used the resolve the fleshy exterior and dispel wind, and harmonize construction and defence. Ephedra Dedoction(麻黃湯) is used in the cold damage exterior repletion patterns to open the interstices and promote sweating, diffuse the lung, calm panting. In yang brightness disease, Capillaris dedoction, Phellodendron dedoction and Ephedra forsythia rice bean dedoction treat generallized yellowing yellow inhibited urination, absence of sweating, thirst, and abdominal fullness. Basic lesser yang disease pattern with bitter taste in the mouse dry throat dizzy vision alternating aversion to cold and heat effusion chest and rib-side fullness taciturnity with no desire to eat heart vexation frequent retching and pulse that is fine and stringlike treat with Minor bupleurum dedoction. Three yin disease should be treated by warming the spleen and drying dampness, requiring urgent warming, using formulae such as Center-rectifying dedoction, Aconite dedoction and Counterflow cold dedoction.