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김황중 고려대학교 교육대학원 2018 국내석사
본 연구는 후방 낙상 시 시각장애인들의 균형회복을 위한 운동학적 특성을 Optitrack 동작 캡쳐 시스템을 이용하여 정략적이고 객관적인 자료로 변환시켜 분석함으로써 비시각장애인과의 결과적인 차이를 도출해 재활 현장에서 활용 가능한 기초적인 자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 연구 대상은 40~50세 시각장애인을 대상으로 실시하였다. 체중 대비 1~5% 부하로 기울기를 주어 기울임-놓기 방법을 통해 후방 낙상을 유발시켜 실험을 진행했다. 연구결과 후방 낙상 시 시각장애인 집단과 비시각장애인 집단 사이에 총 걸음 수, 총 움직임 시간, 총 움직임 거리 간 유의한 차이가 나타났고(p<0.01), 낙상 조건(BW 1~5%)이 높아질수록 총 걸음 수와 움직인 전체 거리는 증가했다(p<0.01). 또한 후방 낙상 시 균형회복에 중요한 영향을 미치는 첫 발의 높이(p=0.03)와 완료시간(p<0.01), 5가지 낙상 조건에서 첫 발 이동거리(p<0.01)는 시각장애인과 비시각장애인의 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 마지막으로 첫 발 착지 시 무게중심의 속도와 첫 발 개시 및 착지 간 체간 각도에서는 집단 간 유의미한 차이가 나타났다(p<0.01). 결과를 종합하면 시각장애인들은 후방 낙상 시 균형회복 전략으로 다걸음 전략(multi-step strategy)을 활용하고 첫 발을 높고 오래 드는 것으로 나타났으며 상지의 움직임에서 무게중심의 속도를 안정적으로 제어하지 못했고 체간의 각도를 효과적으로 회복하지 못했다. 이와같은 특성을 고려하여 시각장애인의 낙상을 줄이기 위한 효율적인 지도방안으로 현장에서 본 연구를 활용해야 할 것이다.
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To assess the influence of a view-related value out of the total housing values, this study attempted to measure the economic value of view objectively, by classifying view types into mountains, rivers, parks, seas and built-areas and by analyzing the choice characteristics according to consumers' preference Thus, by targeting residents in Seoul City and Busan City, the questionnaire was provided on the basis of CE(Choice Experiments) and a survey was conducted. Questionnaires collected were analyzed with CE, and the results of the survey can be summarized as follows: Firstly, as a result of carrying out the survey on the recognition of the value of view, the response, "the value of view and Landscape will increase in the next generation." was drawn highest. In addition, since the average value of two responses, "A great view is as important as the interior design of apartments." and "A great view is as important as the residential environment of apartments." was drawn relatively high, it was judged that the value of view‘s right will gradually increase in the future. Secondly, high scores were generally drawn from all the apartment purchase effect factors, and especially the importance of privacy-protection and apartment-related exterior factors were found to be high. The view and landscape-related variables were not relatively high, compared to other variables, but the average score was about 3.9, which indicates that they have important effect on the purchase of apartments to some degree. Thirdly, as a result of analyzing the influence of variables on the view of apartments, it was found that the attribute of view type, the attribute of additional WTP (Willingness to Pay) and the attribute of view-screening ratio were drawn as 56.34%, 22.85% and 20.82% respectively. Therefore, it was found that the view type of apartments is most important out of all the attributes in purchasing apartments. Besides, with the utility coefficient of each view type, the view of rivers and the view of parks were found most preferred, and the view of mountains and the view of built areas were relatively low in preference. As for the ratio of view screening, it was found that as the ratio of screening increased, the preference decreased. As for the amount of additional WTP, it was found that as the amount of additional WTP increased, the preference decreased. Fourthly, as a result of assessing the economic value of each attribute, it was found that as the ratio of view screening increased by 1%, the amount of additional WTP decreased by about 0.13% from the oiewinal price of apartments. Since the amount of additional WTP decreased as the ratio of view screening of apartments increased, it was t was found that amount of additional WTP would increase as more open view was secured for apartments.
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反撥硬度法에 의한 旣存 철근콘크리트 構造物의 壓縮强度 推定에 관한 硏究 : 再建築 대상 共同住宅을 中心으로
김황중 昌原大學校 産業·情報大學院 2003 국내석사
Among nondestructive evaluation techniques, a hammer method (Rebound Test Hammer Method)is to calculate an estimated compression by using an estimation equation of concrete compression which was studied with values arisen by the nondestructive test of concrete mainly for test pieces of laboratory. However, most of estimation equations proposed as the nondestructive evaluation technique have been mainly studied with indoor test up to now. Consequently, because its volatility is very big owing to many factors of existing concrete buildings, it is difficult to estimate the actual intensity. Accordingly, this study was intended to verify accuracy and reliance of Rebound Test Hammer Methodin estimating the compression of the superannuated concrete buildings which its age was 20 years (7,300 days). For the study, the method to compare the estimated compression using three compression estimation formulas using the rebound hardness by indoor test proposed in Japan with compression through destruction evaluation of Core extracted from the existing concrete buildings, was selected. Also, this study verified a validity and reliance of the age coefficient which was applied to three estimation formulas of rebound hardness methods by measuring the intensity through gathering Core sampling for materials of old age which have the same intensity, which can be hardly tested in normaltest. Also, this study investigated whether it wasproper to apply the age coefficient considering the increase of surface hardness based on the age for cutting plan of Core sample tested by interrupting contact with air by finished materials or by cutting parts of structure. Also, it investigated that the removal of finished materials affected the rebound value. To achieve the above objective, 65 compression destruction tests were conducted with 1300 measurement values of rebound hardness for 65 Core samples of 5 places in 2 superannuated public apartments(20 years have passed up to now) located in Masan and Changwon, as a reconstruction target, because there was the actual difficulty in gathering large samples for numbers of places. The following summarizes results on the compression of steel concrete building evaluated based on the construction test and estimated compression by nondestructive test. 1. When measurement values which exceeded ±20% of average rebound values were removed and rebound measures were calculated on the basis of 20 times among rebound hardness values, there was approx. 1.6% difference of the average rebound value, compared with the case conducted for all rebound values. This study indicated that it didn't affect the intensity estimation. 2. Because the estimated compression using the rebound hardness had different values by applied formula, the compression based on each estimation formula was calculated to calculate reliable compression in the practical field and then the average of the sum total was applied. In this study, all three estimation equations of compression using the rebound hardness value were summed up and then the calculated average value had the very close value to the average compression of the target buildings. Among the estimation formulas, the estimation value of Fc = 13 Ro 184 which was the formula of the Materials Research Society of Japan, was very close to the average compression. The estimation value of Fc = 10 Ro 110 which was the formula of Japanese Construction Materials Inspection Center, showed a low value which was included in the confidence interval of the average compression. The estimation of Fc = 7.3 Ro + 110 which was the formula calculated by the joint testing result of AIJ (Architectural Institute of Japan) showed the high value which was included in the confidence interval of the average compression. 3. In this study, the rebound value by vertical downward hammer conducted in the site after removing finished materials by general method was lower by approx. 3~10%to the rebound value by the horizontal hammer conducted for a section of Core. Accordingly, when the rebound hardness test is conducted in the site, if finished materials of the target building are completely removed and the section is not exposed, the rebound value may be low because an unevenness of remaining finished goods has a shock-absorbing effect. Consequently, the removal of finished materials and unevenness handling must be completely conducted to estimate the reliable compression. If not, a proper correction of the measured rebound value needs to be required. 4. Generally, it is considered that there is no increase of Surface Hardness even though several years pass for a cutting plan of testing core sample by interrupting contact with air by finished materials or by cutting parts of structure. Accordingly, it is predicted that applicable age factors are not considered on the basis of 3,000 days. However, as the result of this study, in spite of the above estimation, there could a little bit difference in the value of age factors like the below 5. However, it is concluded that the age factor to convert with intensity of 28 days must be applied to superannuated building. 5. The different age coefficient must be applied for superannuated buildings (20 years)according to the estimation equation for the study as follow; 0.65 in the formula of the Materials Research Society of Japan, 0.76 in the formula of Japanese Construction Materials Inspection Center, and 0.54 in the formula of AIJ (Architectural Institute of Japan). Accordingly, it can show the closest value to the average compression of the structure. Because this result comes from only the restricted test body used in this study, it is hard to generalize it. However, the age coefficient needs to be applied with different values for estimation expressions of compression in estimating the compression by nondestructive test of the building that its age is more than 3,000 days especially the building with the age of 20 (7,300 days) years. The age coefficient based on the estimation expression of compression will have to be applied after other age coefficient is determined additionally by the estimation expression through further research and test.
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